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EN
Magnetic properties of nanosize ZnO powders doped with MnO magnetic dopand have been studied. Sample designated as 0.10MnO/0.90ZnO was characterized by XRD that revealed the presence of ZnO and ZnMnO3 phases. An average size of magnetic ZnMnO3 nanocrystallites was 9 nm. Magnetic resonance study has been carried out in the 4-290 K temperature range. The spectrum at each temperature was analyzed in terms of three components. The temperature dependences of resonance field, linewidth and integrated intensity of these components have been determined. Magnetic centers responsible for producing the observed spectra have been proposed.
EN
Introduction: Despite the recent advances in otosurgery diagnosis of cholesteatoma and qualification for surgery remains an issue in contemporary laryngology. In cases of cholesteatoma recidivism, it is of utmost importance to properly locate the pathology in the middle ear to plan surgical approach. Magnetic Resonance imaging in diffusion-weighted non-echoplanar sequences (non-EPI DWI) enables cholesteatoma detection as small as 2 mm and could potentially prevent unnecessary second-look surgery. Computed Tomography of the temporal bone allows precise visualization of bony structures and topographical landmarks of the middle ear. A fusion of both imaging modalities combines the advantages of these techniques. Material and methods: Five patients treated in the Department of Otolaryngology, the Medical University of Lodz for probable cholesteatoma recidivism were included in this study. A high-resolution CT scan of the temporal bone and an MRI scan including non-EPI sequences was obtained in all patients. A fusion of CT and MRI studies was conducted using OsirixMD software. Fist, CT studies were fused with MRI BFFE sequences, then non-EPI sequences were added. Finally, if the patient qualified for surgical treatment histopathological diagnosis was compared with MRI results. Results: CT scans were analyzed to establish the extent of previous surgical interventions and anatomical landmarks preservation. In all cases, MRI results were suspicious of cholesteatoma recidivism. Four cases were confirmed in postoperative histopathological evaluation, there was one false positive case when intraoperatively scar tissue was identified, which was later confirmed as connective tissue upon histopathological evaluation. Conclusions: CT and MRI fusion provides a helpful diagnostic tool in preparation for surgery in patients with suspected cholesteatoma recidivism.
EN
Solids containing an extended network of free radicals have been prepared and studied by magnetic resonance techniques in the 4–290 K temperature range. One solid contained additionally a small amount of magnetic γ-Fe2O3 in the form of nanoparticle agglomerates. The solid without agglomerates displayed only a narrow, single resonance line centered at g eff = 2.0043. The magnetic resonance measurements of the solid with γ-Fe2O3 agglomerates gave a spectrum composed of two lines attributed to two different magnetic centers: a narrow line due to free radicals and a broad line arising from magnetic iron oxide agglomerates. In the high temperature range the integrated intensities of both lines decreased with decreasing temperature. The resonance field of the broad line shifted to lower magnetic fields upon lowering the temperature with the gradient ΔH r/ΔT = 2.3 G/K, while the narrow line shifted towards higher magnetic fields. The linewidth of the broader line increased with decreasing temperature while for the narrow lines in both samples this change was small. The magnetic iron oxide clusters produce a magnetic field which acts on the free radicals network and its strength depends essentially on the concentration of clusters. The reorientation process in the free radicals network is more intense in the sample without magnetic clusters.
EN
Introduction: Despite the recent advances in otosurgery diagnosis of cholesteatoma and qualification for surgery remains an issue in contemporary laryngology. In cases of cholesteatoma recidivism, it is of utmost importance to properly locate the pathology in the middle ear to plan surgical approach. Magnetic Resonance imaging in diffusion-weighted non-echoplanar sequences (non-EPI DWI) enables cholesteatoma detection as small as 2 mm and could potentially prevent unnecessary second-look surgery. Computed Tomography of the temporal bone allows precise visualization of bony structures and topographical landmarks of the middle ear. A fusion of both imaging modalities combines the advantages of these techniques. Material and methods: Five patients treated in the Department of Otolaryngology, the Medical University of Lodz for probable cholesteatoma recidivism were included in this study. A high-resolution CT scan of the temporal bone and an MRI scan including non-EPI sequences was obtained in all patients. A fusion of CT and MRI studies was conducted using OsirixMD software. Fist, CT studies were fused with MRI BFFE sequences, then non-EPI sequences were added. Finally, if the patient qualified for surgical treatment histopathological diagnosis was compared with MRI results. Results: CT scans were analyzed to establish the extent of previous surgical interventions and anatomical landmarks preservation. In all cases, MRI results were suspicious of cholesteatoma recidivism. Four cases were confirmed in postoperative histopathological evaluation, there was one false positive case when intraoperatively scar tissue was identified, which was later confirmed as connective tissue upon histopathological evaluation. Conclusions: CT and MRI fusion provides a helpful diagnostic tool in preparation for surgery in patients with suspected cholesteatoma recidivism.
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Adrenal Tumors - Diagnostics and the Factual Situation

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EN
The study presented three cases of patients diagnosed with adrenal tumors subject to surgical intervention during the past 6 months in our Department. The patients presented with radiological diagnostic difficulties, as to the character and location of the primary tumor.The aim of the study was to demonstrate differences between radiological examination results and the factual situation observed during the adrenalectomy. In all the presented cases patients' were subject to laparoscopic intervention. In two cases conversion to open surgery was necessary. The histopathological results of the surgically removed samples were as follows: leiomyoma, myoperycytoma and pheochromocytoma. In selected cases imaging examinations might be of limited value, especially when determining the character and location of the primary lesion of the adrenal gland.
EN
Carotid Body Tumor i.e. Paraganglioma is a challenging entity from the point of view of multidisciplinary diagnosis. The main treatment option, i.e. surgery, yields intraoperative risk related to cranial nerve palsy and vascular morbidity. Bifurcation of the common carotid artery, especially at the carotid body, is the place were head and neck paraganglioma is most frequently seen, i.e. in 60% of cases [15]. Indeed, the knowledge of genetic germline SDH mutations, which cause deregulation of hypoxiainduced factors, allows for better understanding of the tumor nature. It is recommended to conduct selective neck dissection in regions IIA, IIB, III to exclude malignant transformation and metastasis, due to malignant potential of carotid body tumors, especially in case of SDHB mutation. SDHD mutation is the main cause of hereditary HNPGLs. Computed tomography (CT), magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and angiography allow for thorough assessment of paraganglioma extension. In large tumors embolization of the supplying artery under guidance of angiography may be considered. In case of carotid body tumor, differential diagnosis should include: carotid artery aneurysm, lymphadenopathy, Schwannoma of the hypoglossal nerve or accessory thyroid gland.
EN
Background: Visual evoked potential is an essential element of the diagnosis of multiple sclerosis. It is useful in the detection of asymptomatic demyelinating lesions. The aim of this study was to determine, whether VEP, apart from its diagnostic role, can also be a predictor of responsiveness to immunomodulating therapy (DMT). Material and methods: The study recruited 110 patients (35 men, 75 women, aged 18-54 years) diagnosed with multiple sclerosis, subjected to an at least 2-years’ DMT treatment (IFN β-1a, IFN β-1b, GA). Results: In this group, 32 patients (29%) had a relapse during observation period. Normal baseline VEP was documented in 8 patients and an abnormal VEP – in the remaining 24. After 2-years’ treatment in the normal VEP group, disease progression was seen in 7 patients, 3 of whom had also new lesions in their MRI scans. In the abnormal VEP group, disease progression was seen in 22 patients, 12 of whom had new demyelinating lesions in their MRI scans. Conclusions: In DMT-treated group, clinical and radiological disease progression was more common in patients with abnormal baseline VEP compared with those with normal baseline VEP.
PL
Badanie wzrokowego potencjału wywołanego stanowi istotny element diagnostyczny stwardnienia rozsianego. Jest przydatne w wykrywaniu niemych klinicznie ognisk demielinizacji. Celem pracy było zbadanie, czy WPW oprócz wartości diagnostycznej może stanowić również istotną wartość prognostyczną odpowiedzi na kurację lekami immunomodulującymi (DMT) u chorych na stwardnienie rozsiane (SM). Materiał i metody: Materiał kliniczny stanowiło 110 pacjentów (35 mężczyzn i 75 kobiet) w wieku 18-54 lat, z rozpoznanym SM, poddanych co najmniej 2-letniej kuracji immunomodulującej (IFN β-1a, IFN β-1b, GA). Wyniki: W ocenianej grupie pacjentów u 32 chorych (29%) wystąpił w trakcie kuracji rzut choroby. W tej grupie 8 pacjentów miało wyjściowo prawidłowy wynik WPW, zaś pozostałe 24 osoby – wynik nieprawidłowy. Po zakończeniu 2-letniego okresu leczenia w grupie z prawidłowym WPW przed leczeniem immunomodulującym progresję choroby stwierdzono u 7 chorych, spośród których u 3 wykryto również nowe ogniska w obrazie MRI. W grupie z nieprawidłowym WPW progresję choroby stwierdzono u 22 chorych, w tym u 12 z obecnością nowych zmian demielinizacyjnych w badaniu MRI. Wnioski: W grupie leczonej DMT progresja choroby w ocenie klinicznej oraz radiologicznej dominowała u chorych z nieprawidłowym WPW w badaniu wyjściowym, w porównaniu z pacjentami z prawidłowym wynikiem WPW.
EN
Arnold-Chiari malformation is genetic disturbance of development of nervous coil. It is incorrect localization of spinal cord and tonsils of cerebellum, under foramen magnum in canal of spinal cord. Hydrocephalon and spina bifida may accompany Arnold-Chiari malformation. Symptoms usually occur in early childish age. For the sake of depth of dislocation of back brain structures there are distinguished four degrees of this malformation. First degree is the lightest one, hydrocephalon does not accompany its and it is manifested last – often in adult age. In this article is described 51-year-old patient who were diagnosed at Neurology Ward because of disturbances of balance, dizziness and weakness of muscles power of right hand. Arnold-Chiari disorder has not been diagnosed in this patient up till now. Physical examination revealed walking on the widen basis, deficiency of movables of IV and V fingers of right hand, positive test of Romberg, weakness of sense in limbs, lost of deep and vibration sense of inferior limbs. Underdone diagnostic excepted sharp inflammatory changes, growing changes and vessel malformations also, and arteriosclerosis changes as well within central nervous system as peripheral nerves. Photos RTG of vertebral column of the neck did not revealed any disturbances. Only performed magnetic resonance of the head let us determine properly diagnosis. Patient was discharged from the hospital with recommendation to notification at a Neurosurgical Department to consider operating cure of present patology.
PL
Zespół Arnolda-Chiariego jest to genetycznie uwarunkowane zaburzenie rozwoju cewy nerwowej, polega na nieprawidłowej lokalizacji rdzenia przedłużonego i migdałów móżdżku, poniżej otworu wielkiego w kanale kręgowym. Zespołowi towarzyszyć mogą wodogłowie i spina bifida. Zwykle objawy zaburzenia pojawiają się we wczesnym dzieciństwie. Ze względu na głębokość przemieszczenia struktur tyłomózgowia wyróżniane są cztery stopnie zespołu. Stopień I jest najlżejszy, nie towarzyszy mu wodogłowie i objawia się najpóźniej - często w wieku dorosłym. Artykuł zawiera opis 51-letniej pacjentki z zespołem Arnolda-Chiariego typu I, diagnozowanej w Oddziale z powodu występujących od roku zaburzeń równowagi, zawrotów głowy oraz osłabienia siły mięśniowej ręki prawej; u pacjentki zespół Arnolda-Chiariego nie był dotąd rozpoznany. W badaniu fizykalnym stwierdzono chód na poszerzonej podstawie, ograniczenie ruchomości palców IV i V ręki prawej, dodatnią próbę Romberga, osłabienie czucia na kończynach, zniesienie czucia głębokiego i wibracji kończyn dolnych. Przeprowadzona diagnostyka wykluczyła ostre zmiany zapalne, zmiany rozrostowe, a także malformacje naczyniowe i zmiany miażdżycowe zarówno w obrębie ośrodkowego układu nerwowego, jak i nerwów obwodowych. Zdjęcia RTG kręgosłupa szyjnego nie uwidoczniły zmian. Dopiero wykonanie rezonansu magnetycznego głowy pozwoliło ustalić właściwe rozpoznanie. Pacjentkę wypisano z zaleceniem zgłoszenia się na Oddział Neurochirurgiczny w celu rozważenia operacyjnego leczenia występującej patologii.
EN
Multiple system atrophy (MSA) is a relatively rare degenerative disease of the central nervous system. The prevalence of MSA is about 2-4/100,000. The disease is included to synucleinopathies. The most characteristic neuropathological findings in MSA is argyrophilic glial cytoplasmatic inclusions in oligodendroglia which is composed of α-synuclein and ubiquitin. At present two main forms of the MSA are known: MSA-P and MSA-C. Symptoms of parkinsonism with rigidity and bradykinesia are more typical in MSA-P. Cerebellar signs are more characteristic for MSA-C. Severe autonomic failure, initially or during further clinical course stwierin MSA-P and MSA-C is present in most patients. The main symptoms of autonomic failure are orthostatic hypotension, urinary and less commonly fecal incontinence, impotence. In 1998 consensus on the diagnosis of MSA was established. The authors described a case of 61-year-old woman with 3 years of symptoms of cerebellar dysfunction followed by Parkinson’s syndrome and autonomic failure. MRI of the brain revealed severe atrophy of the cerebellum and brain stem, and “hot cross bun sign” in pons. Tilt-test confirmed orthostatic hypotension. Treatment with L-dopa and midodrin was moderately effective. The authors described problems of diagnostics, especially role of MRI, and actual problems of epidemiology, pathogenesis and treatment of MSA.
PL
Zanik wieloukładowy (MSA) jest rzadką chorobą zwyrodnieniową ośrodkowego układu nerwowego. Występuje z częstością ocenianą na 2-4/100.000 i zaliczany jest do synukleinopatii. Najbardziej charakterystyczną cechę neuropatologiczną stanowi obecność srebrnochłonnych wtrętów cytoplazmatycznych w komórkach oligodendrogleju, zawierających α-synukleinę i ubikwitynę. Obecnie wyróżnia się dwie główne formy MSA: MSA-P i MSA-C. W MSA-P dominują objawy parkinsonizmu, głównie sztywność, spowolnienie, a w MSA-C – objawy uszkodzenia móżdżku. W obu formach typowe są nasilone objawy dysfunkcji układu autonomicznego, głównie hipotonia ortostatyczna, zaburzenia zwieraczy oraz impotencja. W 1998 roku ustalono kryteria diagnostyczne MSA. Autorzy przedstawiają przypadek 61-letniej chorej z mniej więcej 3-letnim wywiadem zespołu móżdżkowego, do którego dołączyły się następnie objawy autonomiczne i parkinsonowskie. Badanie MR głowy ujawniło charakterystyczne dla formy MSA-C dużego stopnia zanik móżdżku, pnia mózgu oraz objaw „krzyża” w moście. Test pionizacyjny wskazał na ciężką hipotonię ortostatyczną. Leczenie L-dopą w umiarkowany sposób zmniejszyło nasilenie zespołu parkinsowskiego, a midodrinem – hipotonii ortostatycznej. Autorzy omawiają problemy diagnostyki MSA, ze szczególnym uwzględnieniem roli badania MR, oraz przedstawiają aktualny stan wiedzy na temat patogenezy, epidemiologii i terapii MSA.
EN
Background: Based on clinical studies published to date, it is assumed that immunomodulation therapy (DMT) is effective in the treatment of relapsing-remitting form of multiple sclerosis. The aim of this study was an analysis of predictive value of somatosensory evoked potentials (SEP) in patients treated for two years with interferon (INF β-1a, IFN β-1b) and glatiramer acetate (GA). Material and methods: The study included 106 patients (35 men, 71 women, aged 18-54 years) diagnosed with multiple sclerosis, undergoing an at-least 2-years’ DMT treatment (IFN β-1a, IFN β-1b, GA). Results: Before treatment, normal SEP response was noticed in 37 patients (35%) and abnormal values – in 69 patients (65%). In the study group, 32 patients (30.1%) had a relapse during follow-up. In this group 6 patients had baseline normal SEP value, and others had abnormal SEP value. At the end of DMT, in normal baseline SEP group, the disease progression (defined as progression at least 1 point in EDSS scale) was seen in 8 patients, while inabnormal SEP group – in 18 patients. Conclusions: In patients with baseline abnormal SEP, relapses during DMT therapy were more frequent than in those with normal SEP.
PL
Wstęp: Na podstawie dotychczasowych badań uważa się, że terapia lekami immunomodulacyjnymi (DMT) jest skuteczna w leczeniu postaci rzutowo-remitującej stwardnienia rozsianego. Celem pracy była ocena wartości rokowniczej somatosensorycznych potencjałów wywołanych (SSPW) u chorych w czasie 2-letniej kuracji interferonami beta (1a i 1b) oraz octanem glatirameru. Materiał i metody: Materiał kliniczny stanowiło 106 pacjentów (35 mężczyzn i 71 kobiet) w wieku 18-54 lat, z ustalonym rozpoznaniem stwardnienia rozsianego, poddanych co najmniej 2-letniej kuracji immunomodulującej. Wyniki: Przed wdrożeniem leczenia prawidłową wartość SSPW odnotowano u 37 (35%), zaś nieprawidłową – u 69 chorych (65%). W badanej grupie u 32 pacjentów (30,1%) wystąpił w trakcie kuracji rzut choroby. Spośród nich 6 osób miało wyjściowo prawidłowy wynik SSPW, zaś u pozostałych stwierdzono wynik nieprawidłowy. Po zakończeniu DMT w grupie z wyjściowo prawidłowym SSPW zaobserwowano pogorszenie stanu neurologicznego (ocenione jako progresja EDSS >1,0 w stosunku do oceny przed leczeniem) u 8 chorych, zaś w grupie z wyjściowo nieprawidłowym SSPW – u 18 chorych. Wnioski: W grupie pacjentów z wyjściowo nieprawidłowym wynikiem SSPW rzut choroby w trakcie leczenia immunomodulacyjnego wystąpił znacznie częściej niż w grupie z prawidłowym wynikiem SSPW.
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