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Post-laryngectomy pharyngocutaneous fistula a still topical clinical problem

100%
Betlejewski S., Szymańska-Skrzypek A.
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vol. 61(3)
271-279
EN
Background. Pharyngocutaneous fistula following laryngectomy is a serious complication, and its incidence varies from 4% to 65%. The study’s objective was to determine the incidence of post laryngectomy fistulas in patients operated in our department to establish whether specific factors predispose to fistula formation. Methods. A retrospective study was performed in 573 patients who underwent laryngectomy. Results. Between 1989 and 1999, 835 cases of laryngeal carcinoma were diagnosed, 690 were treated surgically, 573 of them underwent laryngectomy in our department. Of these patients, 545 (95,1%) had total laryngectomy, while 28 (4,9%) partial laryngectomy. In 538 cases the laryngectomy was combined with radical or functional neck dissection. The presence of early postoperative fistula was established in 65 of the 573 patients (11,3%). Our study could not verify reports that any specific factors were significantly related to fistula formation, the only factors that did show statistical significance were the preoperative patient’s general health status and the kind of postoperative antibiotic therapy. Conclusions. On the base of literature review, the authors compare results obtained in the last decade of the 20 century with results obtained earlier. Although the incidence of post-laryngectomy pharyngocutaneous fistulas decreased in comparison with the fistula rate observed earlier, the problem is still unresolved, and the fistulae remain a serious complication of larynx oncology surgery.
2
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Biological research of Grabia River - fifty years of activity

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Siciński J., Tończyk G., University of Łódź D. o. I. Z. a. H.
Acta Universitatis Lodziensis. Folia Biologica et Oecologica
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2005
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vol. 2
EN
Grabia, a small still close to natural conditions lowland river, has been an object of special interest for Łódź hydrobiologists for more than 50 years. Over 100 scientific papers and over 100 master theses were produced in the Faculty of Biology and Environmental Protection University of Łódź. The initiator was Prof.L.K. Pawłowski who spent many years conducting research into the river. The ground and the first research objective was to recognize the fauna diversity. The checklist encompass almost 1000 invertebrate and 24 fish species. Taxonomy, biology and ecology of various taxa have made for many decades an essential trend of scientific activity. Special attention was dedicated to rotifers, leeches, branchiobdellids, snails and bivalves, gammarids and copepods as well as aquatic insects, fish and also diatoms. Some aspects of zoobenthos and Zooplankton communities ecology was the subject of 13 Ph.D.theses. The river with its rich animal and plant communities was also the subject of dynamics of river ecosystem research. The study on the structure of invertebrate assemblages on the background of habitat diversity has been recently conducted. The model may be treealed as a reference to the restoration of Europaean rivers and their valleys.
3
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The Backstroke Swimming Start: State of the Art

88%
de Jesus K., de Jesus K., Fernandes R. J., Vilas-Boas J. P., Sanders R.
Journal of Human Kinetics
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2014
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vol. 42
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issue 1
27-40
EN
As sprint swimming events can be decided by margins as small as .01 s, thus, an effective start is essential. This study reviews and discusses the ‘state of the art’ literature regarding backstroke start biomechanics from 23 documents. These included two swimming specific publications, eight peer-reviewed journal articles, three from the Biomechanics and Medicine in Swimming Congress series, eight from the International Society of Biomechanics in Sports Conference Proceedings, one from a Biomechanics Congress and one academic (PhD) thesis. The studies had diverse aims, including swimmers’ proficiency levels and data collection settings. There was no single consensus for defining phase descriptions; and kinematics, kinetics and EMG approaches were implemented in laboratory settings. However, researchers face great challenges in improving methods of quantifying valid, reliable and accurate data between laboratory and competition conditions. For example, starting time was defined from the starting signal to distances as disparate as ~5 m to 22.86 m in several studies. Due to recent rule changes, some of the research outcomes now refer to obsolete backstroke start techniques, and only a few studies considered the actual international rules. This literature review indicated that further research is required, in both laboratory and competition settings focusing on the combined influences of the current rules and block configuration on backstroke starting performances
4
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Effect of Changes in Land Use During the 20th Century on Woodland and Calcareous Grassland Vegetation in Southern Poland

88%
Dzwonko Z.
Acta Universitatis Lodziensis. Folia Biologica et Oecologica
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2011
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vol. 7
27-48
EN
In the modern agricultural landscape major threats to plant species diversity are loss and fragmentation of habitats and communities. During the last century natural and semi-natural communities have faced also cessation of tradition management and increased load of nutrients. This paper presents a survey of studies on vegetation dynamics of woodlands in the northern part of the Carpathian foothills and of calcareous grasslands on limestone hills near Kraków. The causes of fargoing changes observed in communities of these types and possible management for their conservation are discussed. The nature conservation value of woods can be assessed by means of ancient woodland plant species indicators.
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