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Effect of two-stage thermal disintegration on particle size distribution in sewage sludge

100%

Karczmarek A. M., Gaca J.

Polish Journal of Chemical Technology

2013

vol. 15

issue 3

69-73

The effect of two-stage thermal disintegration of sewage sludge on the particle size distribution using laser diffraction method has been studied. The sludge was sampled from municipal sewage treatment plant after each stage of disintegration. The first stage of disintegration known as homogenization proceeds at temperature of 70-90°C and pressure of 3 bar, the second stage called thermal hydrolysis was performed at temperature of 160-170°C and pressure of 6 bar. It was found that the first stage of disintegration has the strongest impact on the reduction of the sludge particle size and changes in chemical properties. The maximum size of the particles from raw sewage before disintegration was 310 μm. After first stage of the process average size of the particles was 250 μm, and during the second stage it was reduced to 226 μm. Sludge disintegration degree (DDCOD) of 59% confirms high effectiveness of the process. We established that the redox potential (Eh) of sludge effluents was changed after each step of the studied process. Furthermore, chemical oxygen demand (COD) increases which leads to the conclusion that resizing of floccules is accompanied by hydrolysis.

Application of selected diffractive and microscopic methods to evaluate the physical state of drug and morphology of microspheres obtained by spray drying of furosemide with Eudragit L30 D-55.

75%

Ostróżka-Cieślik A., Sarecka-Hujar B., Krzykawski T., Karcz J., Banyś A., Jankowski A.

Acta Poloniae Pharmaceutica - Drug Research

2018

vol. 75

issue 3

In pharmaceutical technology, the analysis of physicochemical properties of raw materials, intermediates and products is part of quality control testing at each stage of designing formulations and in the routine evaluation of the final product. The aim of the study was to analyse the physical state of drug and the morphology of microspheres obtained by spray drying, where furosemide was incorporated in the polymeric matrix of Eudragit L30 D-55. The following optimal parameters of the spray drying process were established: aspirator capacity of 80%, T.in: 140 ° C, pump capacity: 10%. The laser diffraction method was used to analyse the size distribution of microspheres in the following furosemide-Eudragit L30 D-55 systems: 1:1, 1:3, 1:5. X-ray powder diffraction was applied to compare the degrees of crystallinity of the final product and the starting material. Furosemide has crystal structure both before and after spray drying, it occurs in the polymorphic forms (form I crystals). No reflection from the crystalline phase has been found on the diffraction pattern of Eudragit. This is an amorphous substance.

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1 Acta Poloniae Pharmaceutica - Drug Research

1 Polish Journal of Chemical Technology

1 2018

1 2013

1 Banyś A.

1 Gaca J.

1 Jankowski A.

1 Karcz J.

1 Karczmarek A. M.

1 Krzykawski T.

1 Ostróżka-Cieślik A.

1 Sarecka-Hujar B.

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Effect of two-stage thermal disintegration on particle size distribution in sewage sludge

Application of selected diffractive and microscopic methods to evaluate the physical state of drug and morphology of microspheres obtained by spray drying of furosemide with Eudragit L30 D-55.