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Principles of municipal waste management in Poland and selected regions of Europe

100%
Kulczycka J., Kowalski Z.
Polish Journal of Chemical Technology
|
2008
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vol. 10
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issue 4
28-33
EN
High level of production and consumption in member-countries of the European Union is connected with generating a considerable amount of waste. In individual EU member-countries various methods aiming at decreasing the amount of generated waste are implemented. The current situation in Poland, and the best practical solutions introduced in some European regions have been presented in the paper. These solutions were put in place, mainly to fulfill the EU or country's regulations. The priority of municipal waste management measures is to prevent and minimize its generation. Decisions on preventing waste generation should be made as early as at the stage of product designing and manufacturing. The basic principle of proper municipal waste management is to create a system of regional solutions, which includes all the elements of waste management and relates them to the local conditions.
2
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Control of Landfill Gases Emission with Particular Emphasis on Btex

63%
Staszewska E., Pawłowska M.
Ecological Chemistry and Engineering S
|
2012
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vol. 19
|
issue 2
239-248
EN
Landfilling is the most popular way for waste disposal and has been widely applied globally. A large quantity of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) is released from landfills. Among them, BTEX (benzene, toluene ethylbenzene and xylene) is a major group of pollutants, which have now become a cause for concern worldwide because of their toxic properties. For this reason, strict regulations have come into force which induce researchers to find methods to reduce their emissions. This article contains descriptions of several aerobic metabolic pathways for the degradation of BTEX, which are provided by two enzymatic systems (dioxygenases and monooxygenases). Special attention was paid to biofiltration - a method for improving the efficiency of treatment of BTEX released from landfills.
PL
Składowiska odpadów są najtańszą i najprostszą metodą ich zagospodarowania. Ze względu na uwalnianie z nich znacznych ilości lotnych związków organicznych (VOC) składowiska stanowią zagrożenie dla czystości powietrza, wód gruntowych oraz gleb. W grupie VOC uwalnianych ze składowisk odpadów najbardziej powszechne i jednocześnie bardzo toksyczne są BTEX (benzen, toluen, etylobenzen, ksyleny). Z tego też względu ważne jest poszukiwanie efektywnych metod eliminacji tych związków ze składowisk odpadów. W artykule przedstawiono obecny stan wiedzy odnoszący się do degradacji BTEX przez mikroorganizmy oraz opis metod stosowanych do usuwania BTEX ze składowisk odpadów ze szczególnym uwzględnieniem procesu biofiltracji.
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