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Test 8 × 32.8 m as a Diagnostic and Fitness Level Control Indicator in Basketball (Diagnostic Test in Basketball)

100%
Przybylski S., Makar P., Bielec G.
Baltic Journal of Health and Physical Activity
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2012
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vol. 4
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issue 1
7-14
EN
Background: Physiological studies conducted for over 20 years on basketball players have shown an increasing share of anaerobic efforts during the game. The players' throw effectiveness and their ability to move quickly on the playing field often determine the result of the match. The current control of kinematics and biochemical variables is crucial in the modern training process.Material/Methods: The study was conducted on an 11-person group of male athletes from a Polish first-league basketball team. The subjects had to perform a fitness test proposed by the authors: 8×32.8m with bouncing, throwing a ball to the basket and running back without the ball. The course of the test was video-recorded. The blood sample was taken in the 1st, 3rd, 13th and 23rd minute after the test. The level of lactic acid as well as glucose concentration was assessed by Lactate Scout and FreeStyle Lite apparatus.Results: The study revealed individual differences in the level of special fitness among the players. The throw effectiveness varied from 37 to 75% (mean 59%), while the maximal lactic acid concentration varied from 6.3 to 8.5 mmol/l (mean 7.2 mmol/l). The average maximal glucose concentration was 124.6 mg/dl. The range of lactic acid restitution time differentiated the players from 21 to 55 minutes (mean 30min).Conclusions: Application of the test in practice allows determining the basic values of kinematic techniques of basketball players in terms of biochemical changes. It should be an effective tool to control and optimize the basketball training process.
2
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The Effect of Sodium Bicarbonate Supplement on Lactic Acid, Ammonia and the Performance of 400 Meters Male Runners

100%
Pouzash R., Azarbayjani M., Pouzesh J., Azali K., Fatolahi H.
Baltic Journal of Health and Physical Activity
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2012
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vol. 4
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issue 2
84-90
EN
Background: The aim of the present study was to investigate the effects of sodium bicarbonate supplementation on anaerobic performance and some plasma metabolites.Material/Methods: 16 young male athletes (age 20.58±3.25, Height 175.33±2.48 cm and BMI 21.57±2.68 kg/m2) participated in two 400 m running sessions one hour following sodium bicarbonate or placebo (calcium bicarbonate) supplementation with the counterbalanced order. There were three blood sampling phases (resting condition, 30 min after supplementation and 2 min after 400 m running) in both of the sessions and the blood pH; ammonia, lactate, and HCO--3 levels were measured.Results: The results showed that running time in the sodium bicarbonate session was significantly lower (57.41±0.11 sec) than the placebo (59.01±0.78 sec) session (P<0.05). The blood HCO--3 levels (29.53±2.64 mmol/L) increased with respect to the resting values (23.13±1.84 mmol/L) with sodium bicarbonate administration; however, it decreased to the pre-exercise level (20.45±1.92 mmol/L) after running (P<0.05). The HCO--3 levels (17.89±2.48 mmol/L) also decreased under the resting values (23.31±2.15 mmol/L) after running in the placebo session (P<0.05). Significant increases were observed in blood lactate levels in both of the sessions; however, blood pH significantly decreased only in the placebo session (P<0.05).Conclusions: It can be concluded that alkalosis can be considered as an ergogenic method and can prevent a decrease in blood HCO--3 during high intensity exercise.
3
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Alleviation Ofzinnia elegansJacq. Seed Deterioration Using Hydrogen Peroxide and Organic Acids

88%
Szopińska D.
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issue 2
309-326
EN
The decrease of seed quality during storage is strongly associated with damage caused by free radicals. Some compounds of natural origin, known due to their antioxidative and antifungal properties, may be potentially used in organic production for seed treatment as an alternative to pesticides. The aim of the experiment was to study an ability of hydrogen peroxide and organic acid to improve germination, vigour and health of non-deteriorated and deteriorated zinnia seeds. Two seed samples, cv. Illumination and Orys, varying in initial infestation with fungi were tested. For deterioration seeds were kept at 30°C and 80% RH for 30 days. Seed quality tests were performed before and after deterioration for controls and seeds soaked in 3.0% hydrogen peroxide solution and in 1.0 and 5.0% solutions of ascorbic and lactic acids for 10, 30 and 60 min. The controls were untreated seeds, seeds soaked in 0.2% solution of Kaptan zawiesinowy 50 WP for 30 min and seeds soaked in distilled water for 10, 30 and 60 min. Treating zinnia seeds with organic acids more significantly affected seed germination and health after deterioration than before, and improvement of germination capacity was usually correlated with decrease of the percentage of abnormal diseased seedlings. Deterioration had no influence on mean germination time, whereas in particular cases treating seeds with hydrogen peroxide and organic acids negatively affected this parameter. After deterioration regardless of treatment increased number of seeds free from fungi. Lactic acid followed by hydrogen peroxide and ascorbic acid effectively limited growth of A. alternata, A. zinnia and Fusarium spp. on zinnia seeds, however at higher concentration negatively affected seed germination and vigour. Moreover, treating seeds with hydrogen peroxide and organic acids many a time increased seeds infestation with B. cinerea.
4
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THE EFFECT OF POLOXAMER 407 ON THE PROPERTIES OF HYDROPHILIC GELS CONTAINING LACTIC ACID COMPLEXED WITH CHITOSAN

75%
Małolepsza-Jarmołowska K.
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vol. 15
143 - 148
EN
Anatomical and physiological conditions in the vagina do not facilitate easy application of the drug neither its maintenance on the site of application. Insufficient duration of the drug’s contact with vaginal mucosa does not provide adequate pH conditioning the physiological biocenosis of the organ. Gels containing lactic acid complexed with chitosan at a stechiometric ration 1:1 and 2:1 and 5 - 25% content of PEG-200 are able to move from 25 to 30 cm. Higher concentrations of the poloxamer 407: 23 and 25% result in the movability of 20 to 24 cm. The addition of 20 – 25% poloxamer 407 increases the pH to 4.55 to 5.30 for 1:1 gels and 4.00 to 4.85 for 2:1 gels. The investigations showed that the addition of a thermosensitive polymer increases the adhesive properties of the investigated gels. Rheological investigations revealed an increase in the dynamic viscosity of preparations containing poloxamer 407 in comparison to the reference gels.
5
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THE EFFECT OF SELECTED POLYMERS ON THE PROPERTIES OF THERMOSENSITIVE HYDROPHILIC GELS CONTAINING LACTIC ACID COMPLEXED WITH CHITOSAN

75%
Małolepsza-Jarmołowska K.
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vol. 15
135 - 142
EN
Bacterial vaginitis affects women of all age groups. Numerous recurrences of the condition are widely discussed by clinicians. Traditional therapeutic schemes recommended by world treatment centres and health organizations do not bring satisfactory results. Their effects are hampered by numerous anatomic and physiological conditions which do not facilitate prolonged contact of the drug with the application site. The investigations demonstrated that the thermosensitive polymer - poloxamer 407 increases significantly the adhesive properties of hydrophilic gels, but at the same time it increases their pH. The addition of PVP K-30 or hydroxypropylmethylcellulose reduces the pH and maintains high adhesion. The use of PVP K-30 and hydroxypropylmethylcellulose allowed to obtain narrow physiological range – lower limits of the physiological range. Rheological investigations revealed an increase in the dynamic viscosity of reparations containing poloxamer 407 with the addition of PVP K-30 or hydroxypropylmethylcellulose in comparison to the reference gels.
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