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PL
Szlaki turystyczne mają wielkie znaczenie dla rozprzestrzeniania się obcych gatunków na obszarach chronionych, takich jak parki narodowe. Celem badań była ocena rozprzestrzeniania się wybranych gatunków wzdłuż różnego rodzaju szlaków turystycznych przebiegających przez Słowiński Park Narodowy oraz dróg asfaltowych leżących w bezpośrednim sąsiedztwie Parku, w jego otulinie. Stwierdzono obecność 108 stanowisk ośmiu obcych gatunków: Padus serotina, Quercus rubra, Acer negundo, Robinia pseudoacacia spośród gatunków drzewiastych oraz Conyza canadensis, Impatiens parviflora, Juncus tenuis i Oxalis fontana spośród roślin zielnych). Stanowiska roślin drzewiastych odnotowano na obszarach, gdzie wcześniej były celowo sadzone oraz wzdłuż szlaków prowadzących do takich obszarów. Wszystkie analizowane rośliny drzewiaste mogą być źródłem zagrożenia ekologicznego i powinny być aktywnie usuwane. W przypadku roślin zielnych, gatunki, które zgodnie z literaturą nie stanowią zagrożenia dla nieprzekształconych zbiorowisk roślinnych – Juncus tenuis i Oxalis fontana – notowano dość powszechnie. Ich populacje powinny być monitorowane. Populacje Impatiens parviflora, gatunku zaklasyfikowanego do IV klasy inwazyjności oraz Conyza canadensis, który zgodnie z literaturą może rozprzestrzeniać się na wydmach, powinny zostać zniszczone jak najszybciej, dopóki zajmują małe obszary.
EN
Touristic routes have a great meaning for the spread of alien species through the protected areas like national parks. The aim of the study was to assess the spread of the chosen species along the different kinds of touristic routes of the Słowiński National Park and asphalt roads lying in the direct vicinity of the Park, in its protective zone. The presence of 108 localities of eight alien species were recorded (Padus serotina, Quercus rubra, Acer negundo, Robinia pseudoacacia from woody species and Conyza canadensis, Impatiens parviflora, Juncus tenuis and Oxalis fontana from herbaceous plants). The localities of the woody plants were found in areas where they were formerly deliberately planted or near routes leading to such areas. All of the analysed woody plants can be the source of ecological threat and should be actively removed. Interestingly, regarding herbaceous plants, the species which according to literature are not a threat to untransformed habitats – Juncus tenuis and Oxalis fontana – were noted quite commonly. Their populations should be monitored. The populations of Impatiens parviflora, classified to the IV class of invasiveness and Conyza canadensis, which can invade sand dunes, should be destroyed as soon as possible till they occupy small areas.
EN
The anthropogenic pressure of the forest communities of the Strzyżowskie Foothills (the Western Carpathians) was estimated on the basis of phytosociological materials. Carr communities are among the most threatened by invasive and alien species of the forest flora. The phenomenon of invasiveness of native species such as Calamagrostis epigejos or Carex brizoides was described. The highest number of ancient woodland indicator species was noted in the beech forest.
EN
In this study we examined changes in magnesium and calcium ion concentrations depending on Zebra Mussel biomass, pH values and temperature. We performed field experiments in years with different weather conditions using twelve 200 litre polycarbonate containers filled with 150 litres of non-filtered water from lowland, eutrophic reservoirs. Three treatments of the experiment were represented by: Phyto control with non-filtered water, Phyto+Dreis A with Zebra Mussel biomass of 500 g/m2, and Phyto+Dreis B with Zebra Mussel biomass of 1.000 g/m2. Magnesium and calcium ions concentrations were analyzed on an ion chromatograph (Dionex-1000). Results indicated a significant reduction in magnesium and calcium ion concentrations by Zebra Mussels (independent of mussel biomass), especially in the year with higher and more stable average temperatures. Mg concentration was significantly negatively correlated with temperature in this year. In both years of study the magnesium and calcium ion concentrations were negatively correlated with pH. Analyses of the Zebra Mussel’s impact on magnesium and calcium loss from water, linked with the influence of physical factors (temperature and pH), may be valuable for the management of invaded ecosystems.
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