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Individualization of Physical Loads and Speed Abilities of Young Soccer Players in a Six-Month Training Macrocycle

100%

Andrzejewski M., Chmura J., Strzelczyk R., Konarski J.

Journal of Human Kinetics

2009

vol. 22

35-41

The aim of this paper was to address the issue of individualized training loads and its influence on speed development among speed-type and endurance-type players during a six-month training macrocycle.The research was conducted in a group of 36 young male soccer players from for two sport clubs: Lech Poznań and Warta Poznań. The stages of the study undertaken resulted from the time structure of sport training and were carried out during a six-month macrocycle. The players of Lech Poznań took part in a test which involved applying three series' (six repetitions each) of speed-type exercises, with regard to the player's motor type in each of the three training units comprising the weekly macrocycle. During each stage of data collection, the players were subjected to a stress test for stretches of 10, 20 and 30 m.The study has shown a significant impact of individualization of training loads on development of speed abilities in the examined players. An increase of speed during the tests of 10 and 20 m was noted in both speed and endurance-type players. This was probably an effect of adapting individual training loads to motor predispositions of the players during the six months of the experiment. It can be also assumed that the increase in speed among the subjects is a result of rising phosphagen potential and enzymatic activity (especially creatine kinase), as well as improved motor units recruitment.

An Application of Incremental Running Test Results to Train Professional Soccer Players

88%

Radzimiński Ł., Rompa P., Dargiewicz R., Ignatiuk W., Jastrzębski Z.

Baltic Journal of Health and Physical Activity

2010

vol. 2

issue 1

67-74

Background: The aim of this study was to lay out an incremental running test to determine anaerobic threshold and its usefulness as a predictability factor of the physiological load on professional soccer players during soccer training activities.Material/Methods: Subjects performed multi-stage incremental running test at three time points throughout the soccer season on a synthetic soccer pitch to determine the lactate threshold. The initial speed was set at 2.8 m/s and increased by 0.4 m/s after each stage until termination. HR was recorded at 5-second intervals by the Polar heart rate monitor (Polar Electro, FIN) at the end of each 3.30 - 5 min running stage. A capillary blood sample was taken from the fingertip during 1 minute rest between stages. Blood lactate concentration from each sample was assigned to the corresponding values of the heart rate and the running speed. Beaver method was used to determine the lactate threshold (LT) and the corresponding values of HR (HR/LT) and the running speed (V/LT). According to V/LT and HR/LT players were assigned to running and training groups for optimal individualization of the training process. Players performed some training activities like running or small-sided games in those groups.Results: The velocity at LT in the first test was 3.61 ± 0.22 m/s and increased during the preparation period (Test 2 - 3.79 ± 0.21 m/s). A further increment was observed during the soccer season. HR/LT was 173.90 ± 7 bpm in the first test and decreased after preseason preparations to 168.58 ± 6.78 bpm. During the soccer season no significant changes were observed.Conclusions: In this study we have observed that aerobic fitness increased during the preparation period and a further increment was observed after the competitive season. The present study shows V/LT and HR/LT as useful indicators for programming and monitoring training loads.

Filmy ulegające rozpadowi w jamie ustnej (ODF) w terapii spersonalizowanej

63%

Łyszczarz E., Niwiński K., Jachowicz R.

Farmacja Polska

2019

vol. 75

issue 10

568-574

One of the mains factors affecting the effectiveness and safety of the therapy is the development of an appropriate dosage form adapted to the age of the patients and ease to administer as well as a dosing devices that provide flexible dosing. This approach is in accordance with the idea of patient-centered treatment. Given advantages such as safety, easy swallowing and flexible dose adjustment, special attention is paid to oral dosage forms such as orally disintegrating tablets, minitablets and orodispersible films (ODF). The ODF films are indicated as a suitable dosage form for pediatric, geriatric and uncooperative patients due to their fast disintegration in the mouth without need for water to facilitate swallowing, adhesion to the oral cavity to prevent spitting out the medicine and the ability to adjust the dose of the drug for an individual patient. According to many studies, orodispersible films are well accepted by infants and preschool children, their caregivers (nurses) and parents. They have the form of a postage stamp sized strip of thin polymeric film applied on the tongue. The ODF films can be manufactured using various methods, i.e. casting method, hot melt extrusion, electrospinning or printing (inkjet, flexographic and 3D printing) on an industrial scale and potentially in hospital pharmacies. Extemporaneous preparation of the ODF films create more dose flexibility affecting patient’s adherence to pharmacotherapy. Innovative solutions in this area concern also designed specifically devices for storage and dosing of ODF, as well as methods of labeling and identification of single doses, for example Quick Response (QR) codes. The paper presents a review of the literature from recent years regarding new technology in the terms of the ODF films preparation, including manufacturing methods and modification of the drug release, as well as the possibilities of their application in individualization of the therapy especially in pediatric and geriatric population.

Jednym z czynników wpływających na zapewnienie bezpiecznej i skutecznej farmakoterapii jest opracowanie odpowiedniej postaci leku dostosowanej do wieku pacjenta oraz łatwej w aplikacji, a także urządzeń dozujących umożliwiających dobór odpowiedniej dawki leku. Takie podejście jest zgodne z ideą leczenia skoncentrowanego na pacjencie. Spośród doustnych postaci leku, ze względu na zalety takie jak bezpieczeństwo, łatwość połykania czy możliwość regulacji dawki szczególną uwagę poświęca się postaciom takim jak minitabletki, tabletki i filmy rozpadające się w jamie ustnej. Filmy ODF są wskazywane jako odpowiednia postać leku dla pacjentów pediatrycznych i geriatrycznych ze względu na szybki rozpad w jamie ustnej bez konieczności popijania wodą, przywieranie do błony śluzowej zmniejszając ryzyko wyplucia leku oraz możliwość dostosowania dawki leku dla indywidualnego pacjenta. Według badań filmy ODF są dobrze tolerowane przez dzieci jak również przez opiekunów. Mają postać cienkiego polimerowego płatka umieszczanego na języku. Filmy ODF mogą być wytwarzane przy użyciu różnych metod, tj. wylewania z odparowaniem rozpuszczalnika, ekstruzji topliwej, przędzenia elektrostatycznego, druku (atramentowego, fleksograficznego oraz druku przestrzennego 3D) na skalę przemysłową oraz potencjalnie np. w aptekach szpitalnych. Przygotowywanie filmów ODF ex tempore¬ zapewnia większą możliwość regulacji dawkowania, wpływając na przestrzeganie przez pacjenta zaleceń farmakoterapii. Nowoczesne rozwiązania dotyczą także specjalnie zaprojektowanych urządzeń służących do przechowywania i dozowania ODF, a także metod znakowania i identyfikacji pojedynczych dawek leku. W pracy przedstawiono przegląd piśmiennictwa z ostatnich lat, dotyczący nowych rozwiązań technologicznych w zakresie sporządzania filmów ulegających rozpadowi w jamie ustnej z uwzględnieniem metod wytwarzania, modyfikacji uwalniania substancji leczniczej oraz możliwości ich zastosowania w indywidualizacji terapii.

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1 Baltic Journal of Health and Physical Activity

1 Farmacja Polska

1 Journal of Human Kinetics

1 2019

1 2010

1 2009

1 Andrzejewski M.

1 Chmura J.

1 Dargiewicz R.

1 Ignatiuk W.

1 Jachowicz R.

1 Jastrzębski Z.

1 Konarski J.

1 Niwiński K.

1 Radzimiński Ł.

1 Rompa P.

1 Strzelczyk R.

1 Łyszczarz E.

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Individualization of Physical Loads and Speed Abilities of Young Soccer Players in a Six-Month Training Macrocycle

An Application of Incremental Running Test Results to Train Professional Soccer Players

Filmy ulegające rozpadowi w jamie ustnej (ODF) w terapii spersonalizowanej