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PL
Dla par, które mają trudność z poczęciem dziecka, stosowanie technologii wspomaganej reprodukcji stanowi często jedyną możliwość powiększenia rodziny. Jedną z najbardziej rozpowszechnionych metod wspomaganego rozrodu jest in vitro ze względy na wysoką skuteczność tej metody. Na całym świecie świadomość, postawy wobec in vitro i rozpowszechnienie metody różnią się. Wykorzystanie modelu ekologicznego pozwala poddać analizie sytuację pary małżeńskiej i przyjrzeć się relacjom wewnątrzrodzinnym oraz otoczeniu rodziny w kontekście społecznym, w którym funkcjonuje. W związku z tym niniejszy artykuł proponuje wykorzystanie modelu Bronfenbrennera znanego jako teoria systemów ekologicznych jako teoretycznego modelu rozważania nad rozwojem rodziny poddającej się leczeniu niepłodności metodą in vitro.
EN
Transfusion related acute lung injury (TRALI) is a serious blood transfusion complication characterized by the acute onset of non-cardiogenic pulmonary edema. In the pathogenesis of TRALI antibodies directed toward Human Leukocyte Antigens or Human Neutrophil Antigens are listed. Cases of TRALI have often gone unrecognized. The study gives an example of a 22 year-old patient without a significant history of the disease who received transfusions of large amounts of blood products because of shock in the course of bleeding after a puncture of the ovaries. The puncture was performed to retrieve ova for in vitro fertilization after hormonal stimulation. In the Department of Gynaecology, 2 laparotomies were performed because of massive bleeding and oth ovaries were removed. During the operation, 6 units of packed red blood cells, 1 unit of platelets concentrate and 5 units of fresh frozen plasma were transfused. Because of increasing respiratory failure, the patient was transferred to the Intensive Care Unit where 6 units of packed red blood cells, 3 units of plateletsconcentrate and 4 units of fresh frozen plasma were additionally transfused. During hospitalization, disseminated intravascular coagulation (DIC) appeared. It was decided to give the patient a Novo Seven preparation. The chest X-ray examination showed features of pulmonary edema. Tests also revealed low rates of respiratory (hypoxemia) and the need for a high FiO2, PEEP >10 cmH2O. Due to the clinical picture and the temporal relationship of pulmonary edema with transfusion, TRALI was diagnosed.
PL
Ostre potransfuzyjne uszkodzenie płuc (TRALI – transfusion related acute lung injury) jest poważnym powikłaniem poprzetoczeniowym, charakteryzującym się ostrym niekardiogennym obrzękiem płuc. W patogenezie TRALI wymienia się obecność w osoczu dawcy przeciwciał przeciw antygenom zgodności tkankowej (HLA – human leukocyte antigen) lub przeciw swoistym ludzkim antygenom neutrofilowym (HNA – human neutrophil antigens). Przypadki TRALI są często nierozpoznane lub źle zdiagnozowane. W piśmiennictwie polskim opisano tylko kilka przypadków. W pracy przedstawiono opis przypadku 22-letniej kobiety bez istotnej przeszłości chorobowej, której przetoczono dużą ilość preparatów krwi z powodu wstrząsu w przebiegu krwawienia po punkcji jajników. Punkcja była wykonywana w celu pobrania komórek jajowych do zapłodnienia in vitro po hormonalnej stymulacji. Na oddziale ginekologicznym wykonano 2 laparotomie z powodu masywnego krwawienia. Pacjentce usunięto oba jajniki. W okresie okołooperacyjnym przetoczono: 6 j. KKCZ (koncentrat krwinek czerwonych), 1 KKP (koncentrat krwinek płytkowych) i 5 j. FFP (osocze świeżo mrożone). Z powodu narastającej niewydolności oddechowej pacjentka została przekazana na oddział intensywnej terapii, gdzie dodatkowo przetoczono: 6 j. KKCz, 3 j. KKP i 4 j. FFP. W trakcie hospitalizacji wystąpił zespół rozsianego wykrzepiania wewnątrznaczyniowego (DIC – disseminated intravascular coagulation). Zdecydowano się podać aktywowany ludzki rekombinowany czynnik VII – eptakog alfa (NovoSeven, Novo Nordisk, Dania). W badaniu radiologicznym klatki piersiowej wykazano cechy obrzęku płuc. Badania gazometryczne wykazały również niski wskaźnik oksygenacji z koniecznością terapii 100% tlenem oraz PEEP > > 10 cm H2O (dodatnie ciśnienie końcowo-wydechowe). Ze względu na obraz kliniczny i związek czasowy obrzęku płuc z transfuzją rozpoznano TRALI. Dalszy przebieg leczenia był niepowikłany i chora została przekazana na oddział ginekologii w 11 dobie pobytu, w stanie ogólnym dobrym.
EN
We investigated the efficiency of chitosan (CH) and meta-topolin (mT) on in vitro growth and adaptation to greenhouse conditions of Vitis vinifera cv. Johanniter and cv. Hibernal. After the initiation stage, we transferred explants to Woody Plant Media (WPM) with chitosan (molecular weight 3.33 kDa) at a concentration of 10, 20, and 40 ppm or to WPM with mT at a concentration of 0.5, 1.0, and 2.0 mg l–1. WPM without CH or mT served as a control. Among the tested combinations, WPM with 10 ppm of CH led to the maximum mean root length (12.18 cm and 12.65 cm for the Hibernal and Johanniter cultivars, respectively) and the number of new leaves (5.9 and 8.15 for the Hibernal and Johanniter cultivars, respectively). As the CH concentration in the medium increased, the length of shoots and roots decreased. We found the highest percentage of acclimatised plants on WPM (cv. Hibernal) and WPM with 40 ppm of CH (cv. Johanniter). The addition of mT had a negative effect on the morphological traits we measured, regardless of the concentration. Leaves of explants from WPM with mT were yellower and redder compared with the control. None of the explants obtained on this medium produced roots.
EN
The culture medium is often optimised to improve growth and morphogenesis in vitro. The efficiency of chitosan (CH) and meta-topolin (mT) on in vitro growth of blueberries (Vaccinium corymbosum) cv Liberty was investigated. The explants were grown on Woody Plant Medium (WPM) supplemented with mT at a concentration of 0.2, 0.4, and 0.6 mg l-1 and WPM with chitosan with a molecular weight 3.33 kDa at 10, 20, and 40 ppm. WPM with the addition of 0.1 mg l-1 zeatin was used as a control. Among the tested combinations, the maximum mean shoot length (23.81 cm), the number of new shoots (1.34), fresh mass (42.29 g), and dry mass (14.24 g) were recorded on the control medium. The addition of lower concentrations of chitosan (10 and 20 ppm) to the WPM medium decreased shoot length (23%-24.5% of control), fresh mass (30%-40% of control), and dry mass (20%-29% of control). However, blueberries treated with 40 ppm chitosan had similar shoot lengths, but darker (112% of control) and greener (139% of control) leaves compared with the control. In contrast, mT had a negative effect on the studied traits of Liberty blueberries, regardless of the concentration.
EN
Until recently, green tea polyphenols were considered strong antioxidants. However, the latest reports have revealed that bioflavonoids can play a multiple role in anticancer therapy, including the inhibition of cell proliferation and generation of the oxidative stress in a dose-dependent manner. The presented research was designed to examine the potential of the green tea (±)-catechin as a reinforcement of the electrochemotherapy (ECT) with cisplatin in pancreatic cancer in vitro. The study was performed on two cell lines of the pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDA) - parental EPP85-181P and multidrug-resistant EPP85-181RNOV. Prior to the ECT protocol the cells were preincubated with high or low concentration of catechin for 2 or 24 hours, respectively. We assessed the influence of preincubation on the cisplatin toxicity with and without electroporation (EP), the electrosensitivity of PDA cell lines and the uptake of the daunorubicin and propidium iodide. Additionally, we evaluated the antioxidative properties of catechin by the measurement of the ROS-related fluorescence and the immunoreactivity of the oxidative stress-related enzymes superoxide dismutase (SOD2) and glutathione S-transferase (GST). We found that co-treatment with catechin can firmly enhance the efficacy of electroporation with cisplatin in vitro. More favorable effect was obtained for 2-hour incubation, which indicates the involvement of the transcriptional-independent mechanisms of catechin action. The effect may be partially explained by the increased oxidative stress level, which was higher in multidrug-resistant cells. However, further studies on cisplatin-catechin interplay and the thorough examination of the catechin-cell membrane interaction need to be performed.
EN
In this paper, herbal bitters are widely used due to their numerous acclaimed health benefits in many Nigerian homes; however, many have not been subjected to scientific scrutiny. The aim of this study was to determine the phytochemical composition and antioxidant capacity of a non-alcoholic polyherbal formulation, Yoyo bitters, towards validating its broad pharmacological claims. The phytochemical components of Yoyo bitters were ascertained by phytochemical screening assays and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS). The antioxidant activity was investigated in vitro using 2,2-diphenyl-1-picryhydrazyl (DPPH) radical, hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) scavenging activity, total antioxidant capacity (TAC) and ferric reducing antioxidant power (FRAP) assays. Qualitative phytochemical analysis of Yoyo bitters showed the presence of saponins, tannins, flavonoids, terpenoids, cardiac glycosides and anthocyanins. The total phenols, flavonoids, flavanols, tannins and carotenoids content were 14.741 ±0.64 mg GAE/ml, 0.152 ±0.01 mg RE/ml, 0.437 ±0.02 mg RE/ml, 0.368 ±0.04 mg TAE/ml and 0.016 ±0.00 mg CAE/ml respectively. GC-MS chromatogram revealed the presence of forty-three (43) phytochemical compounds with D-allose (41.81%), 1,6-anhydro-beta-D-glucofuranose (24.15%), 5-hydroxymethylfurfural (8.02%) and Z-6-pentadecen-1-ol acetate (3.50%) as the most abundant constituents. Yoyo bitters demonstrated effective antioxidant activity against DPPH and H2O2 with IC50 values of 0.492 mg/ml and 0.629 mg/ml respectively compared to ascorbic acid of 0.161 mg/ml and 0.130 mg/ml respectively. Total antioxidant capacity and ferric reducing antioxidant power of Yoyo bitters were 0.432 mg AAE/ml and 2.236 mg AAE/ml respectively. This study validates the antioxidant capacity of Yoyo bitters and provides chemical basis for its acclaimed pharmacological actions.
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EN
Triterpenes are group of biologically active compounds which can be found in higher plants. Their main source are plants bark, leaves, twigs, fruits, resins or oils. The biological activity of triterpens is very diversified and many studies have already confirmed the following therapeutic effects: anti-inflammatory, antimicrobial, antiviral, antifungial, immunomodulatory, and hepatoprotective. Synthesis of triterpenes derivates can be performed by chemical or enzymatic reactions, however biotransformation is more specific and eliminates the side products and the molecule alterations. These processes use isolated enzymes or microorganisms. Cell culture in vitro eliminates problems like extract variability as well as instability of the compounds being obtained during the extraction process. What is more, it ensures high reproducibility and optimal regio- and enantioselectivity. The most widely used technique is a classical screening of a series of microbial strains. Studies on triterpene biotransformation give a lot of information about new biologically active compounds and let predict the metabolism of biological compounds. This review presents most important advancements in the metabolic engineering of microorganisms for the production of triterpenoids. Moreover, the review highlights general strategies to obtain rich biochemical diversity of plants by employing the biocatalysts produced by microorganisms or tissue cultures.
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EN
Porous anodic alumina (PAA) is a biomaterial based on a cost-effective electrochemical anodization of pure aluminum with unique geometrical properties, i.e., self-ordering hexagonal pore distribution, tunable pore diameters and interpore distances, and uniformity of the pores in the vertical direction (nanochannels). These remarkable properties have found important applications in several fields such as energy storage, optics, photonics, magnetism, catalysis and, in particular, in the biomedicine field. In this work, we review the current state of research and key issues on cell culture and implants, drug delivery systems with complex release profiles and specific action, and high efficiency and sensitivity biosensors with different biosensing mechanisms, all of them based on PAA. The biocompatibility, morphology of the surface, nanoestructural engineering in-depth, surface functionalization and coatings are discussed and analyzed in detail.
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