The purpose of the current study was to assess servant leadership dimensions, perceived mental health benefits, and correlations between the two following an eight-week servant leadership theory-driven salsa dance programme taught to novice learners at a West Midlands, UK university. Upon completion of the salsa dance programme (frequency – once per week, intensity – moderate-to-vigorous physical activity, time – 90 minutes, type – group-based Cuban style salsa dance), a paper questionnaire was administered to the participants to complete in person. The questionnaire contained 18 items related to servant leadership dimensions (authenticity, empowerment, humility, standing back, and stewardship) in terms of the teaching and learning of salsa dance and four items related to perceived mental health benefits (mood enhancement, self-confidence, skill mastery, and social well-being). Authenticity and stewardship were rated higher in females when compared to males. Differences were found between perceived mental health benefits in both females and males with mood enhancement rated highest in both genders. This is the first study we are aware of to have applied principles of servant leadership in the teaching of salsa dance as a leisure-time physical activity. Servant leadership may have facilitated the high perceived mental health benefits observed.
The quality of life is a multidimensional notion. When studying it, one should take the physical, the psychological, the social, and the professional aspects into consid eration. Among them, the notion of the influence of obesity, understood as a modern -age disease, relates the quality of life to the notion of health, in the aspect of physical activity. The aim of the study carried out, was to determine the relationship be tween obesity in 18 -25 year - olds, and their physical activity, as well as the quality of their lives. The study was carried out by means a WHOQOL - BREF, and IPAQ survey questionnaires carried out on a group of 100 participants. The control group included pe ople whose BMI was within the norm, whereas the study group comprised people whose BMI was over 25. The results of the study have shown obesity to have a statistically significant negative impact on the quality of life in the physical, and mental domains, and as far as the general perception of health was concerned. In the study group, the mean weekly energy expenditure, was lower than in the control group. The physical activity of the obese, includes, mainly, activities based on light effort, and to a less er extent, those based on moderate effort. A comparative analysis has shown the level of physical activity to be significantly lower in obese women, in each type of physical effort, except light effort. This difference does not exist between the study, and control groups of men.
The aim of this study was to analyse health behavior, taking into account the following aspects: proper nutritional habits (PNH), preventive behaviors (PB), positive thinking (PT) and health practices (HP) in the light of general index of intensity of health behaviors (GIIHB) of pregnant women participating in antenatal classes in Szczecin. Juczyński’s (2001) Health Behavior (HBI) Inventory constitutes the methodological basis for this investigation. Among examined respondents participating in prenatal school activities a high health behaviors indicator was stated in nearly half of them (49.0%). Unfortunately, among the rest of examined pregnant women health behaviors were on the average (37.4%) or low level (13.6%). None of the above categories of health behaviours obtained remarkably higher point values. Therefore, it can be stated that there is a necessity to promote preventive activities to spread information concerning healthy eating habits and to recommend advantages resulting from health behaviors.
This study aimed to analyze the acute effects of a single session of a community-based group exercise program combining step aerobics and bodyweight resistance exercise on blood pressure in healthy young adult women. Twentythree healthy young adult women (aged 31.57 ± 7.87 years) participated in two experimental sessions (exercise and control) in a crossover study design. Blood pressure was monitored before, immediately after and at 10, 20 and 30 min of recovery. The exercise session consisted of four phases: 1) a warm-up (5 min of dance aerobics); 2) aerobic exercise training (30 min of step aerobics); 3) resistance exercise training (six sets of 12 repetitions of three bodyweight exercises in a circuit mode, 10 min); and 4) a cool-down (5 min of breathing and flexibility exercises); totaling 50 min of duration. Systolic blood pressure after exercise was significantly lower compared to control at the 10th min (-10.83 ± 2.13 vs. -2.6 ± 2.13 mmHg; p = 0.009), 20th min (-11.26 ± 2.13 vs. -3.04 ± 2.13 mmHg; p = 0.009) and 30th min of recovery (-10.87 ± 2.39 vs. -0.48 ± 2.39 mmHg; p = 0.004). A single session of a community-based group exercise program combining step aerobics and bodyweight resistance exercise was effective in inducing significant post-exercise hypotension in healthy young adult women. This type of low-cost exercise interventions may have an important role in the prevention of cardiovascular diseases and in community health promotion.
This present study intends to deal with the lifestyles and living standards of elderly men. The health-related lifestyle was examined including a closer look at how elderly people value their own living standards, and how it is connected to the present state of their condition and activities. Our main goal was to highlight all lifestyle elements, because such an age, lifestyle has a decisive role in improving living standards. It seems reasonable to take several aspects - physical activity, change of lifestyle, and age differences - into consideration when health-cultural behaviour is examined because all of them can influence elderly people's lifestyles and quality of life. Data were collected in eastern Hungary, in Hajdú-Bihar County, among elderly males above 60 years old (N=1,269; M=70.23; min: 60; max: 99; SD±7.095) through questionnaires. Our survey contained questions in three main topics: demographic profile (age, sex, education, financial status, living conditions, and occupation), health status (subjective health status, health awareness, mental health status), and health behaviour (physical exercise, smoking, and alcohol consumption). Different sub-patterns were examined during the analysis: different qualifications, age, and settlement types.
Rising number of chronic diseases worldwide requires improvement of patients’ care system, especially in disease prevention and health promotion. Therefore it is justified to broaden the range of services in community pharmacies in Poland. The aim of this study was to evaluate pharmacists’ opinion about health screenings for chronic diseases in community pharmacies. Research was based on original, anonymous questionnaire administered between July 2016 and March 2017 to pharmacists (n=175; 77.7% women and 22.3% men) practicing in a community pharmacy in Wielkopolska (n=106; 77.4% women and 22.6% men) and Zachodniopomorskie Region (n=69; 78.3% women and 21.7% men). The effect of age and gender on pharmacists’ opinions was evaluated. Among pharmacists who responded, 93.7% agreed that patients don’t have health check-ups when they don’t experience bothersome symptoms of a disease. Almost three fourth of respondents considered implementation of health screening services in pharmacy as valuable as it can have positive influence on development of pharmaceutical care. Younger pharmacists (p=0.019) who collaborate with physicians (p=0.009) were most certain about it. 80,0% of pharmacist, in particular younger one, would offer their patients the screening services (p=0.006). 79,4% pharmacists confirmed that this new service should be reimbursed by National Health Fund. Development of new health screening services in community pharmacies may help to prevent or lower the risk of complications associated with common chronic diseases.
The older population is a greatly increasing group, and municipalities meet more and more demands regarding the health of elderly people. Ageing results in a loss of mobility and reduced independence, but there are different measures and practices possible that may contribute to maintain independence. By being active, elderly people can prevent disease, reduce disability, and increase wellness. Among these measures, research has discovered that older adults can benefit from contact with nature. This case study presents an old man in a wheelchair and his way of living an independent life despite being physically disabled. Harald is 88 years old and lives in the suburb of Ålesund, a town in Norway. Eight years ago, he had his left leg amputated due to cancer and experienced a long and tough recovery process. Harald‟s way back to restoring his mobility was highly enhanced by the outdoors and natural surroundings, which helped him to restore his independence. His experience, together with other theoretical findings, calls to our attention that nature is a resource on both the mental and the physical level. People who have access to nearby natural settings are healthier overall than other people. Natural surroundings lead one away from daily life and help one to forget about stress and worry. Natural surroundings make one more relaxed and offer a lot of time to reflect on life.
It is well-known that the poor exercise habits characterizing modern civilization are a high risk factor in health. Countervailing them is the responsibility of all social subsystems. This study aims to observe the role of higher education within the framework of comprehensive research carried out at the University of Pannonia, Hungary. A course meeting university standards has been developed for students, the future opinion-shapers, which intends to strengthen the health consciousness, the basis of physical fitness. The objective of the article is to prove the effectiveness of the course and its impact on lifestyle through a longitudinal study. Accordingly, it aims to answer the following questions: Can a change be observed in the factors of students’ psychological and health-related quality of life? Does the health consciousness developed by the course result in a more efficient health-enhancing physical activity? Does broadening knowledge provide long-term motivation for maintaining an active lifestyle? The efficiency of the course has been evaluated through changes observed in the participating students’ quality of life and health consciousness using the following methods: survey (N= 479), in-depth interview (N= 86), and triangulation. The results of the study support the basic assumption that the knowledge acquired in the course contributes in the short run to the students planning their health-preserving life-coaching more consciously, while quality of life indicators change in the long run. Consequently, it has been determined that the transmission of knowledge through the course is an undertakeable and successful endeavor of higher education in the field of health education.
Background: Sense of coherence is believed to be the main indicator of health-oriented behavior. Therefore, it is interesting to find out to what extent the sense of coherence moderates health behavior of physical education teachers. Material/Methods: In order to address this issue, 477 physical education teachers were examined (n♀ = 235; n♂ = 242) aged 23-62 (M = 40.05; SD = 9.09). Three methods were used in the research. Antonovsky's The Sense of Coherence Questionnaire (SOC-29), Health Behavior Inventory (HBI) by Juczynski and The Multidimensional Body-Self Relations Questionnaire by Cash. Results: Results indicate a positive role of the sense of coherence in adopting Prophylactic Behavior, Positive Psychological Attitudes and Health Practices. However, they do not confirm its role with regard to physical activity. Regression analysis showed that comprehensibility (♀:β = 0.20; p = 0.008; ♂:β= 0.16; p = 0.040) and manageability ( ♀:β= 0.27; p = 0.001) are likely to result in Positive Psychological Attitudes; and Fitness/Health Evaluation influences Fitness/Health Orientation ( ♀:β= 0.55; p = 0.000; ♂:β = 0.43; p = 0.000). Conclusions: The average indicator of subjects' health-seeking behavior indicates a need for intervention in terms of health promotion and education amongst PE teachers. Changes in educating PE teachers may also be advisable.
Regular moderate-intensity exercise provides health benefits. The aim of this study was to examine whether the selected exercise intensity and physiological responses during exergaming in a single and multiplayer mode in the same physical space were game-dependent. Ten males (mean ±SD, age: 23 ±5 years, body mass: 84.2 ±15.6 kg, body height: 180 ±7 cm, body mass index: 26.0 ±4.0 kg·m−2) played the games Kinect football, boxing and track & field (3 × ~10 min, ~ 2 min rest periods) in similar time sequence in two sessions. Physiological responses were measured with the portable Cosmed K4b2 pulmonary gas exchange system. Single play demands were used to match with a competitive opponent in a multiplay mode. A within-subjects crossover design was used with one-way ANOVA and a post-hoc t-test for analysis (p<0.05). Minute ventilation, oxygen uptake and the heart rate were at least 18% higher during a multiplayer mode for Kinect football and boxing but not for track & field. Energy expenditure was 21% higher during multiplay football. Single play track & field had higher metabolic equivalent than single play football (5.7 ±1.6, range: 3.2-8.6 vs 4.1 ±1.0, range: 3.0-6.1, p<0.05). Exergaming in a multiplayer mode can provide higher physiological demands but the effects are game-dependent. It seems that exergaming with low intensity in a multiplayer mode may provide a greater physical challenge for participants than in a single play mode but may not consistently provide sufficient intensity to acquire health benefits when played regularly as part of a programme to promote and maintain health in young adults.
Introduction. Late diagnosis and anti-health lifestyle have an impact on the increase in the number of cases of cancer. Aim. The aim of this article is to draw the attention to the role of health promotion, preventive care and other preventive actions in the reduction of morbidity and mortality due to cancerous diseases. Materials and methods. The work uses a method of literature analysis, including statistical data from the National Cancer Register. Results. In Poland, the incidence of breast and lung cancer in women is higher whereas in men lung and prostate cancer. Conclusions. 1. The incidence of cancer in the Polish population is on the increase . 2. It is necessary to provide systemic solutions that improve the effectiveness of current preventive programmes, preventive care and health promotion measures.
PL
Wstęp. Późna diagnostyka i antyzdrowotny styl życia mają wpływ na wzrost zachorowań na choroby nowotworowe. Cel. Celem artykułu jest zwrócenie uwagi na rolę promocji zdrowia, badań profilaktycznych i innych działań prewencyjnych w zmniejszeniu zachorowalności i umieralności z powodu chorób nowotworowych. Materiał i metody. W pracy wykorzystano metodę analizy piśmiennictwa,w tym dane statystyczne z Krajowego Rejestru Nowotworów. Wyniki. W Polsce wśród kobiet dominuje zachorowalność na nowotwory piersi i płuca, a wśród mężczyzn nowotwory płuca i prostaty. Wnioski. 1. Zachorowalność na nowotwory w polskiej populacji wykazuje nadal tendencję wzrostową. 2. Niezbędne są rozwiązania systemowe, które przyczynią się do lepszej skuteczności aktualnie realizowanych w i badań profilaktycznych oraz działań z zakresu promocji zdrowia.
Background: Healthy eating, especially fruit and vegetable consumption, is a major contributor to the prevention of chronic non-communicable diseases. The multiple benefits of healthy food and nutrition in childhood and adolescence reinforce the need for studies encouraging young people to healthy nutrition. The present review increases understanding of what methods (interventions) should be performed to encourage healthy eating in children and adolescents. Material/Methods: A scientific literature review of Medline (Pubmed) database was performed, a total of 615 publications were found. Of these, only 15 papers were selected for the analysis. Results: The multi-component interventions (encouraging of fruit and vegetable consumption was usually combined with physical activity promotion and overweight/obesity control, n=8) could be considered as effective in encouraging healthy nutrition. Findings showed that programs and empowering policies at schools based on scientific evidence can increase consumption of fruit and vegetables among children and adolescents and promote healthier lifestyle as significant changes in healthy eating after intervention were identified in two thirds of projects. Barriers and limitations such as possible difficulties of implementation, duration and density of intervention, however, must be considered and prevented prior to interventions when it is possible because multi-component strategies may not lead to positive eating behaviour changes as intended. Moreover, single strategies such as fruit and vegetable campaigns also appeared to have positive effects on healthy foods consumption by children. Conclusions: The multi-component interventions (combinations of methods to encourage fruit and vegetable consumption, physical activity and overweight or obesity control) can be considered as effective in healthy eating promotion of children and adolescents. However, barriers and limitations (difficulties in implementation, duration and density of an intervention) should be prevented prior the interventions
Purpose. Back care programmes (BCPs) for the prevention of back pain are widespread in Germany. They are intensively promoted and financed by health insurance organizations. The goal of the conducted research was to investigate whether BCPs adequately reach the targeted risk groups for primary and secondary prevention and whether the interventions employed are effective in reducing work disability and absenteeism due to back pain. Basic procedures. Absenteeism associated with back pain (ICD-10 codes M40-M54) and with participation in a BCP were evaluated based on data from 2004 through 2006 for a random sample of 9,781 persons insured with an mandatory health insurance organization. Main findings. 97% of all BCP participants in 2005 had not received a sick leave certificate due to back pain in the previous year. Furthermore, neither bivariate, nor risk-adjusted logistic regression models demonstrated a significant relationship with BCP participation and the subsequent risk of back pain. Conclusions. Current BCPs show low participation of target groups. The effectiveness in primary prevention of new cases is unclear.
Introduction. Infectious diseases pose a threat to humanity because of high level of mortality. Significant role in prophylaxis took preventive vaccinations which in a past years decreased number of infectious diseases. Correct realization of preventive measures depends mainly on persons awareness who are subjected to vaccinations or children guardians. The decision should be supported by a reliable source of information on immunization. Information supported by current medical knowledge should be obtained from medical personnel. Aim. The aim of this study was to assess the level of knowledge and the attitude of people applying for vaccinations to the need for vaccinations in the time of a pandemic. Material and methods. Materials for research was 100 patients of Medical Center Medica Ltd. Branch Prof.-Med. in Włocławek. Method taken was and a diagnostic survey, anquiet and estimation method. Used research tool was an Inventory of the State and Features of Anxiety. Results. Most of respondents assessed their knowledge about preventive vaccines an average. Over the half of respondents vaccinated their child. In 62% of cases source of decision was pediatrician. Every third respondent said that source of decision was nurse in vaccine point. 14% of respondents said that midwife convinced them. Family, friends or media less often helped in decision taking. The respondent’s declarations showed that the main reason for vaccinating a child was the fear of the child becoming ill, complications, obligatory vaccinations and smoother disease transmission after. The least frequent reason for preventive vaccinations was pressure of the state and society and a penalty for failure. Most people believe that immunization program in Poland is necessary and it is right that is is mandatory. Every fifth respondent pointed that parents should have rights to choose about when and for which diseases their kid will get vaccinated. 6% are against mandatory vaccination program in Poland. Most of respondents say that vaccines are safety and always help in infectious disease combating. Definitely fewer respondents are of the opinion that with the current level of medicine, vaccines can be dispensed with, and none of the respondents considered vaccines harmful to health. Obtained data shows that fears and doubts on vaccinations appeared on part of respondents that went for vaccine. Among the reported concerns, the most frequently mentioned were complications and complications after vaccination. Over half of respondents positively assesses mandatory vaccines during pandemic. In 38% cases pandemic situation doesn’t have an influence on the necessity to implement vaccinations.
PL
Wstęp. Choroby zakaźne to zagrożenie dla ludzkości, ponieważ są przyczyną wysokiej śmiertelności. Istotną rolę w profilaktyce odgrywają szczepienia ochronne, które na przełomie ostatnich lat zmniejszyły liczbę zachorowań na choroby zakaźne. Prawidłowa realizacja działań profilaktycznych zależy w głównej mierze od świadomości osób podlegających szczepieniu lub opiekunów dzieci. Podjęcie decyzji powinno być poparte wiarygodnym źródłem informacji odnośnie szczepień ochronnych. Wiadomości poparte aktualną wiedzą medyczną należy czerpać od personelu medycznego. Cel. Celem niniejszej pracy była ocena poziomu wiedzy oraz stosunek osób zgłaszających się na szczepienia do konieczności szczepień w dobie pandemii. Materiał i metody. Materiał badań stanowiło stu pacjentów Centrum Medycznego Medica Sp. z o.o. Oddział Prof.-Med. we Włocławku. Wybrano metodę szacowania oraz sondażu diagnostycznego, zastosowano technikę badawczą w postaci ankiety. Narzędziem badawczym wykorzystanym w pracy był STAI – Inwentarz Stanu i Cechy Lęku oraz ankieta własna. Wyniki. Większość badanych osób oceniał swoją wiedzę na temat szczepień ochronnych jako średnią. Ponad połowa ankietowanych poddała swoje dziecko szczepieniu z własnych przekonań, a w 62% przypadkach źródłem decyzji o podaniu szczepionki był pediatra. Co trzeci respondent jako źródło decyzji podał pielęgniarkę w punkcie szczepień, a 14% położną. Rzadziej o podjęciu decyzji o szczepieniu decydowała rodzina i znajomi czy media. Z deklaracji ankietowanych wynika, że główną przyczyną poddania dziecka szczepieniom ochronnym była obawa przed zachorowaniem dziecka i powikłaniami, obowiązek wykonywania szczepień ochronnych oraz łagodniejsze przejście choroby po zaszczepieniu. Najrzadziej jako przyczynę realizacji szczepień ochronnych ankietowani wskazywali presję państwa, społeczeństwa i groźbę kary za ich niewykonanie, bezpłatność szczepień czy presję otoczenia. W opinii większości program szczepień ochronnych w Polsce jest absolutnie konieczny i słuszne jest, że jest on obowiązkowy. Niemal co piąty badany wskazał, że to rodzice powinni mieć możliwość wyboru przeciw jakim chorobom i kiedy chcą zaszczepić swoje dzieci, a 6% jest przeciwnikiem wykonywania obowiązkowych szczepień ochronnych w Polsce. W opinii większości ankietowanych szczepionki są bezpieczne i zawsze pomagają w zwalczaniu chorób zakaźnych. Zdecydowanie mniej ankietowanych stoi na stanowisku, że przy obecnym poziomie medycyny można ze szczepionek zrezygnować, a żaden z ankietowanych nie uznał szczepionek za szkodliwych dla zdrowia. Z uzyskanych danych wynika, że obawy i wątpliwości na temat szczepień ochronnych występowały u części z badanych osób zgłaszających się na szczepienia. Wśród zgłaszanych obaw najczęściej wymieniano mogące się pojawić komplikacje i powikłania poszczepienne. Niemal połowa ankietowanych pozytywnie ocenia konieczność realizacji szczepień ochronnych w dobie pandemii, a w 38% przypadkach pandemia nie miała wpływu na ocenę konieczności realizacji szczepień. Wnioski. Osoby biorące udział w badaniu mają w większości pozytywny stosunek do szczepień i konieczności ich realizacji w dobie pandemii. Badani przeciętnie lub nisko oceniają swoją wiedzę na temat szczepień ochronnych i zróżnicowana jest ich wiedza na temat wykonywanych obowiązkowych szczepień ochronnych u dzieci.
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