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1

Effects of Growth Hormone Therapy and Physical Exercise on Anaerobic and Aerobic Power, Body Composition, Lipoprotein Profile in Middle Aged Men

100%

Zajâc A., Czuba M., Poprzecki S., Waśkiewicz Z., Cholewa J., Pilch J., Chycki J.

Journal of Human Kinetics

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2010

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vol. 25

67-76

EN

Recently growth hormone therapy has been used as an age delaying drug in middle aged men and women as well as in the elderly. Positive effects have been shown in regards to body mass and body composition changes, fat metabolism, bone mineral density and muscle strength. Exercise is a potent physiological stimulus for growth hormone secretion and both aerobic and resistance exercise results in significant, acute serum increases in GH concentration. It is unclear however whether a combination of exercise and hGH therapy further increases physical performance in adults and increases changes in body composition and biochemical variables related to health. For this purpose a group of 15 middle aged men (45,7±5,8 years, 93,2±16,3kg and 183,3±4cm), slightly overweight were randomly divided into an experimental and control groups. Both groups exercised for 3 month, performing 2 aerobic sessions per week and 2 resistance workouts, increasing training loads every two weeks. The experimental group received additionally hGH subcutaneous injections beginning with 0,2 IU daily for the first month and then increasing it to 0,4 and 0,6 IU in successive month. VO2max was evaluated during a progressive ergocycle test to volitional exhaustion, while anaerobic power and capacity were measured during the 30s Wingate test. Additionally body mass and body composition were evaluated as well as the lipoprotein profile and the concentration of chosen anabolic hormones. The results indicate a significant rise in resting concentrations of GH and IGF-1 after the replacement therapy but no additional benefits in regards to aerobic fitness and fat metabolism in comparison to exercise only. A more profound effect was observed in case of anaerobic performance, thus it was concluded that even small doses of hGH stimulated additional protein synthesis following resistance exercise what allowed for significant increases in FFM, anaerobic power (W/kg) and capacity (J/kg) as evaluated obtained during the Wingate test. It was concluded that for a more significant effect of hGH therapy in regards to physical performance greater doses of this hormone have to be used, along with an intensive exercise program.

2

Genetic diversity in populations of Slovak Spotted cattle based on single nucleotide polymorphisms analyses

88%

Moravčíková N., Trakovická A., Navrátilová A.

Acta Biochimica Polonica

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2013

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vol. 60

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issue 4

807-810

EN

The aim of this study was to identify SNPs in leptin (LEP), leptin receptor (LEPR) and growth hormone (GH) genes in order to analyze genetic diversity of Slovak Spotted cattle. The total numbers of blood samples were taken from 353 Slovak Spotted cows originating from four farms. Genomic DNA was isolated by phenol-chloroform extraction method and analyzed by PCR-RFLP method. After digestion with restriction, enzymes were detected in whole population of cow's alleles with frequency: LEP/Sau3AI A 0.84 and B 0.16 (±0.0152); LEPR/BseGI C 0.95 and T 0.05 (±0.0089) and GH/AluI L 0.70 and V 0.30 (±0.0188). Based on the observed vs. expected genotypes frequencies populations across loci were in Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium (P\>0.05). Predominant for SNP LEP/Sau3AI was AA genotype (0.70), for SNP LEPR/T945M CC genotype (0.91), and LL genotype (0.48) was most frequent for SNP GH/AluI. The observed heterozygosity of SNPs across populations was also transferred to the low or median polymorphic information content 0.24 (He 0.28), 0.08 (He 0.09) and 0.33 (He 0.47) for LEP, LEPR and GH genes, respectively. Within genetic variability estimating negative values of fixation indexes FIS (-0.09-0.05) and FIT (-0.07-0.03) indicating heterozygote excess were observed. The value of FST indexes (0.018-0.023) shows very low levels of genetic differentiation in allele frequencies of loci among evaluated subpopulations. The low values of genetic distances (0.0018-0.0159) indicated high genetic relatedness among animals in subpopulations caused probably by common ancestry used in breeding program at farms.

3

Endocrine Responses to Physical Training and Tribulus Terrestris Supplememtation in Middle-Age Men

88%

Wilk M., Michalczyk M., Chycki J., Czuba M., Roczniok R., Gołaś A., Zając A., Maszczyk A.

Central European Journal of Sport Sciences and Medicine

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2016

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vol. 13

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issue 1

65-71

EN

The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of steroidal saponin supplementation on blood concentration of T, GH and IGF-1. The research involved 14 men between the age of 45 and 60 years. The duration of the experiment was 12 weeks. There were two series of laboratory tests. Independent tests were conducted at the beginning and after 12 weeks of the intervention. A two-way repeated measures ANOVA revealed a statistically significant effect of the intervention on the following variables: T-Ch (η2 = 0.542), HDL-Ch (η2 = 0.522), LDL-Ch (η2 = 0.587), T (η2 = 0.603), IGF-1 (η2 = 0.512) and GH (η2 = 0.621). Thus, FFM significantly increased while TBF and BM decreased in comparison to pre-intervention levels. The analyzed results indicate that treatment or supplementation of individual hormone deficiencies can be a successful form of counteracting the aging process. Nevertheless, the effects of TT supplementation on the concentration of T as well as GH and IGF-1, requires further studies, especially in middle-aged and older subjects, along with different exercise programs. The analyzed results indicate that treatment or supplementation of individual hormone deficiencies can be a major form of counteracting the aging process.

4

Microbiome impact on metabolism and function of sex, thyroid, growth and parathyroid hormones

88%

Kunc M., Gabrych A., Witkowski J.

Acta Biochimica Polonica

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2016

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vol. 63

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issue 2

189-201

EN

Commensal bacteria and their genes associated with host are known as microbiome. In recent years, microbial influence on host endocrine system has been under detailed investigation. The role of microbiome in the pathogenesis of insulin resistance and obesity, the function of hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis and secretion of hormones regulating appetite is well described in world literature. In this article we discuss poorly reviewed issues: the microbiome role in modulation of non-peptide (sex and thyroid) and peptide (growth hormone and parathyroid hormone) functions. Understanding complex bidirectional relations between host endocrine system and bacteria is of fundamental importance to understanding microbial impact on host reproduction, risk of endocrine-related cancers, pathogenesis of non-thyroidal illness syndrome, growth failure in children and hormonal changes during chronic kidney disease. This article also highlights effects of dietary compounds on microbiome composition and bacterial enzymes activity, and thus host hormonal status.

5

Influence of Inter-Set Stretching on Strength, Flexibility and Hormonal Adaptations

88%

Souza A. C., Melibeu Bentes C., Freitas de Salles B., Machado Reis V., Vilaça Alves J., Miranda H., Silva Novaes J. d.

Journal of Human Kinetics

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2013

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vol. 36

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issue 1

127-135

EN

Adequate levels of strength and flexibility are important for the promotion and maintenance of health and functional autonomy as well as safe and effective sports participation. The aim of the present study was to analyze the effects of 8 weeks of strength training with or without inter-set static stretching on strength, flexibility and hormonal adaptations of trained men. Sixteen trained men were randomly divided into 2 groups: the static stretching group (SSG) and passive interval group (PIG). All participants performed 24 training sessions 3 times a week. The test and retest of 8RM, strength, flexibility, cortisol and growth hormone concentration in pre and post test conditions were also evaluated. To compare the differences between and within groups in pre- and post-training tests, ANOVA with repeated measures was performed (SSGpre x SSGpost; PIGpre x PIGpost; SSGpost x PIGpost). An alpha level of p<0.05 was considered statistically significant for all comparisons. Both groups showed significant increases in strength (SSGpre vs. SSGpost; PIGpre vs. PIGpost) in the same exercises for leg extension (LE) and Low Row (LR). Specifically, in the SSG group, the parameters for LE were (p = 0.0015 and ES = 2.28 - Large), and the parameters for LR were (p = 0.002 and ES = 1.95 - Large). Moreover, in the PIG group, the parameters for LE were (p = 0.009 and ES = 1.95 - Large), and the parameters for LR were (p = 0.0001 and ES = 2.88 - Large). No differences were found between the groups (SSGpost vs. PIGpost). Both groups showed significant increases in flexibility but in different joints (SSGpre vs. SSGpost; PIGpre vs. PIGpost). In the SSG group, only three joints showed significant increases in flexibility: shoulder extension (p = 0.004 and ES = 1.76 - Large), torso flexion (p = 0.002 and ES = 2.36 - Large), and hip flexion (p = 0.001 and ES = 1.79 - Large). In the PIG group, only three joints showed increases in flexibility: horizontal shoulder abduction (p = 0.003 and ES = 2.07 - Large), hip flexion (p = 0.001 and ES = 2.39 - Large), and hip extension (p = 0.02 and ES = 1.79 - Large). In-between group analyses (SSGpost x PIGpost) revealed differences in two joints: shoulder extension (p = 0.001) and horizontal shoulder abduction (p = 0.001). Hormonal profiles showed no significant differences in cortisol secretion or growth hormone concentration. In conclusion, both studied strength protocols (with and without inter-set static stretching) resulted in flexibility and strength gains without an effect on the anabolic and catabolic hormonal profile.

6

Akromegalia jako problem interdyscyplinarny

63%

Zawada N. B., Kunert-Radek J.

Folia Medica Lodziensia

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2011

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vol. 38

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issue 2

285-317

EN

The aim of this article is to review the epidemiology and pathogenesis of acromegaly with regard to the nature and pathophysiology of growth hormone. The authors give a broad view of pituitary tumours and especially focus on acromegaly. They pay attention to clinical presentation and criteria for diagnosis of this endocrinopathy with reference to the new guidelines of the American Association of Clinical Endocrinologists published in 2011 which focus on the diagnosis and treatment of acromegaly. The authors also raise a query about the diagnosis of acromegaly which is delayed for several years. They also highlight the interdisciplinary, complex problem of therapy of this endocrinopathy and the need for interdisciplinary collaboration of many medical specialists. They discuss the treatment of acromegaly step by step stressing the crucial role of surgery. They pay much attention to different forms of pharmacotherapy, more broadly used in invasive somatotroph adenomas, also as a treatment of choice. The authors discuss new forms of pharmacotherapy of acromegaly and stress that in some patients a combination of several treatment options is necessary to cure acromegaly.

PL

Praca omawia epidemiologię i patogenezę akromegalii ze szczególnym zwróceniem uwagi na naturę i patofizjologię hormonu wzrostu. Autorzy poruszają szeroko problem guzów przysadki z uwzględnieniem miejsca akromegalii w różnorodnych kryteriach podziału gruczolaków przysadki. Przedstawiają charakterystyczny obraz kliniczny i kryteria rozpoznania tej endokrynopatii, odnosząc się w szczególności do konsensusu Amerykańskiego Towarzystwa Endokrynologów Klinicznych z 2011 roku, dotyczącego diagnostyki i leczenia akromegalii. Podnoszą zagadnienie wciąż wiele lat opóźnionego rozpoznania choroby. Podkreślają interdyscyplinarny, złożony problem terapii tej endokrynopatii i zaangażowanie lekarzy wielu specjalności. Omawiają zasady etapowego leczenia akromegalii, podkreślając wciąż wiodącą rolę leczenia operacyjnego. Dużo uwagi poświęcają różnym formom farmakoterapii akromegalii, coraz szerzej stosowanym w inwazyjnych gruczolakach somatotropowych, również jako metody pierwszego wyboru. Autorzy podkreślają nadzieje związane z nowymi lekami oraz konieczność łączenia wielu metod terapeutycznych w celu wyleczenia akromegalii.

7

Acromegaly: the effect of somatostatin analogues on tumour volume shrinkage

63%

Witek P., Gutowska M.

OncoReview

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2016

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vol. 6

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issue 4

A162-168

EN

Acromegaly is a rare disease, caused by growth hormone (GH) hypersecretion and secondarily elevated insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF-1) level. Nearly all patients with acromegaly suffer from somatotroph pituitary adenoma. The main goal of treatment is to normalise both GH and IGF-1 levels, which reduces symptoms, complications and mortality. Transsphenoidal selective adenomectomy performed by an experienced neurosurgeon is the first-line therapy. Therapy with somatostatin analogues (SSA) is used as a neoadjuvant treatment prior to surgery and in a persistent disease following the surgery. The long-acting somatostatin analogues reduce serum GH/IGF-1 levels and tumour volume. In this clinical review, mechanisms and role of 1st and 2nd generation somatostatin analogues in the treatment of patients with acromegaly are presented, with particular emphasis on the effects on somatotroph pituitary adenoma volume reduction.

8

Biochemiczna ocena skuteczności leczenia pacjentów z akromegalią

51%

Fuss-Chmielewska J., Rosiak A., Pisarek H., Beda-Maluga K., Winczyk K.

Folia Medica Lodziensia

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2014

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vol. 41

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issue 2

181-194

EN

Introduction: The main treatment for acromegaly is the surgical removal of the tumour. Pharmacotherapy, usually with somatostatin analogues (SSA), is used as the preliminary and/or complementary therapy. In the diagnosis of acromegaly as well as in the evaluation of treatment effectiveness laboratory tests are essential – the serum level of growth hormone (GH) in the oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) and the serum concentration of insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF-1). The aim of our study was to evaluate the effectiveness of the treatment of patients with acromegaly based on biochemical criteria for cure. Material and methods: The study group consisted of 40 patients aged 25 - 83, hospitalized in the Department of Endocrinology, Medical University of Lodz in the years 2003-2010. The concentration of GH and IGF-1 were determined by enzyme-amplified chemiluminescent immunoassay (EACLIA) on the IMMULITE 1000 analyzer (Siemens). As the criteria of acromegaly cure we assumed the normalization of serum IGF-1 and GH levels after oral glucose administration of < 1 ng/mL. Results: The cure of acromegaly was achieved in 25 of 40 patients (63%). In 14 patients, the normalization of IGF-1 and GH was obtained as a result of surgery, 11 patients achieved normal laboratory parameters after complemantary treatment - five after the treatment with SSA, four after radiotherapy, and two after both pharmaco - and radiotherapy. Fifteen patients from the study group have not been cured - in 13 of them the complementary therapy with SSA was used. Most of them (75%) were operated due to the pituitary macroadenoma. In 11 persons both GH and IGF-1 concentrations exceeded the limits of the reference values. The effectiveness of the operation was higher in patients treated with SSA - among 21 patients treated with SSA before the surgery, only five did not achieve the normalization of GH and/or IGF-1. Conclusions: The evaluation of GH and IGF-1 concentrations with the connection of the magnetic resonance imaging of the pituitary allow to determine the effects of acromegaly treatment. In the majority of patients after the surgical removal of pituitary adenoma, complementary therapy, mainly pharmacological with somatostatin analogues is necessary, and some patients require reoperation and / or radiotherapy. In addition, the preoperative administration of somatostatin analogues greatly increases the effectiveness of the treatment of acromegaly.

PL

Wstęp: Głównym sposobem leczenia akromegalii jest operacyjne usunięcie guza. Farmakoterapię, głównie analogami somatostatyny (SSA), stosuje się jako postępowanie przygotowawcze do zabiegu oraz leczenie uzupełniające po operacji. W diagnostyce akromegalii, a także w ocenie efektywności leczenia kluczowe znaczenie mają badania laboratoryjne - stężenie hormonu wzrostu (GH) w teście obciążenia glukozą (OGTT) i stężenia we krwi insulinopodobnego czynnika wzrostu 1 (IGF-1). Celem naszej pracy była ocena skuteczności leczenia w ośrodku łódzkim pacjentów z akromegalią w oparciu o biochemiczne kryteria wyleczenia. Materiały i metody: Grupę badaną stanowiło 40 chorych w wieku 25 - 83 lat hospitalizowanych w Klinice Endokrynologii Uniwersytetu Medycznego w Łodzi w latach 2003 - 2010. Stężenie GH i IGF-1 oznaczono metodą chemiluminescencji wzmocnionej enzymatycznie (EACLIA) na analizatorze IMMULITE 1000 firmy Siemens. Jako kryteria wyleczenia przyjęto normalizację w surowicy stężenia IGF-1 i stężenie GH po doustnym podaniu glukozy < 1 ng/mL. Wyniki: Wyleczonych zostało 25 z 40 badanych (63%). U 14 pacjentów normalizację IGF-1 i GH uzyskano w wyniku zabiegu operacyjnego, 11 osób uzyskało prawidłowe parametry laboratoryjne dopiero po leczeniu uzupełniającym – pięciu po leczeniu SSA, czterech po radioterapii, a dwóch po farmakoi radioterapii łącznie. Piętnastu pacjentów z grupy badanej nie zostało wyleczonych - u 13 z nich zastosowano leczenie uzupełniające SSA. Większość z nich (75%) była operowana z powodu makrogruczolaka przysadki. U 11 osób zarówno stężenia GH, jak i IGF-1 przekraczały granice wartości referencyjnych. Skuteczność operacji była wyższa u chorych leczonych SSA, gdyż wśród 21 pacjentów leczonych przed zabiegiem SSA, tylko u pięciu nie odnotowano normalizacji GH i/lub IGF-1. Wnioski: Ocena stężenia GH i IGF-1 w połączeniu z wynikiem rezonansu magnetycznego okolicy przysadki pozwala ustalić efekty leczenia akromegalii. U większości chorych po chirurgicznym usunięciu gruczolaka przysadki niezbędna jest terapia uzupełniająca, przede wszystkim farmakologiczna analogami somatostatyny, a w niektórych przypadkach konieczna jest reoperacja i/lub radioterapia. Ponadto przedoperacyjne podawanie analogów somatostatyny zdecydowanie zwiększa skuteczność leczenia akromegalii.

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Effects of Growth Hormone Therapy and Physical Exercise on Anaerobic and Aerobic Power, Body Composition, Lipoprotein Profile in Middle Aged Men

Genetic diversity in populations of Slovak Spotted cattle based on single nucleotide polymorphisms analyses

Endocrine Responses to Physical Training and Tribulus Terrestris Supplememtation in Middle-Age Men

Microbiome impact on metabolism and function of sex, thyroid, growth and parathyroid hormones

Influence of Inter-Set Stretching on Strength, Flexibility and Hormonal Adaptations

Akromegalia jako problem interdyscyplinarny

Acromegaly: the effect of somatostatin analogues on tumour volume shrinkage

Biochemiczna ocena skuteczności leczenia pacjentów z akromegalią