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1

Induction of the synthesis of an additional family of long-chain dolichols in the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Effect of starvation and ageing.

100%

Szkopinska A., Swiezewska E., Rytka J.

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vol. 49

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issue 3

781-787

EN

The yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae strain W303 synthesizes in the early logarithmic phase of growth dolichols of 14-18 isoprene residues. The analysis of the polyisoprenoids present in the stationary phase revealed an additional family which proved to be also dolichols but of 19-24 isoprene residues, constituting 39% of the total dolichols. The transfer of early logarithmic phase cells to a starvation medium lacking glucose or nitrogen resulted in the synthesis of the longer chain dolichols. The additional family of dolichols represented 13.8% and 10.3% of total dolichols in the glucose and nitrogen deficient media, respectively. The level of dolichols in yeast cells increased with the age of the cultures. Since both families of dolichols are present in stationary phase cells we postulate that the longer chain dolichols may be responsible for the physico-chemical changes in cellular membranes allowing yeast cells to adapt to nutrient deficient conditions to maintain long-term viability.

2

Test 8 × 32.8 m as a Diagnostic and Fitness Level Control Indicator in Basketball (Diagnostic Test in Basketball)

100%

Przybylski S., Makar P., Bielec G.

Baltic Journal of Health and Physical Activity

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2012

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vol. 4

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issue 1

7-14

EN

Background: Physiological studies conducted for over 20 years on basketball players have shown an increasing share of anaerobic efforts during the game. The players' throw effectiveness and their ability to move quickly on the playing field often determine the result of the match. The current control of kinematics and biochemical variables is crucial in the modern training process.Material/Methods: The study was conducted on an 11-person group of male athletes from a Polish first-league basketball team. The subjects had to perform a fitness test proposed by the authors: 8×32.8m with bouncing, throwing a ball to the basket and running back without the ball. The course of the test was video-recorded. The blood sample was taken in the 1st, 3rd, 13th and 23rd minute after the test. The level of lactic acid as well as glucose concentration was assessed by Lactate Scout and FreeStyle Lite apparatus.Results: The study revealed individual differences in the level of special fitness among the players. The throw effectiveness varied from 37 to 75% (mean 59%), while the maximal lactic acid concentration varied from 6.3 to 8.5 mmol/l (mean 7.2 mmol/l). The average maximal glucose concentration was 124.6 mg/dl. The range of lactic acid restitution time differentiated the players from 21 to 55 minutes (mean 30min).Conclusions: Application of the test in practice allows determining the basic values of kinematic techniques of basketball players in terms of biochemical changes. It should be an effective tool to control and optimize the basketball training process.

3

Pdr12p-dependent and -independent fluorescein extrusion from baker's yeast cells

88%

Lushchak V., Abrat O., Międzobrodzki J., Semchyshyn H.

Acta Biochimica Polonica

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2008

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vol. 55

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issue 3

595-601

EN

Fluorescein efflux from S. cerevisiae cells was measured to study the peculiarities of fluorescein transport system, which is important for yeast resistance to certain drugs and weak organic acid preservatives. Glucose-independent and glucose-stimulated fluorescein effluxes were characterized using iodoacetate, cyanide and orthovanadate, inhibitors of glycolysis, electron transport chain, and ATPases, respectively. It is supposed that in glucose-free medium fluorescein extrusion is ATP-dependent and the energy for this efflux is mainly provided by respiration. In glucose-containing medium, glycolysis plays a critical role for extrusion of fluorescein. The results indicate that acetic acid inhibits the fluorescein efflux from yeast cells. The inhibition constant of glucose-stimulated fluorescein efflux is significantly lower in parental strain than in two mutants defective in PDR12 (ABC-transporter Pdr12p) or WAR1 (transcription factor of Pdr12p). It can be suggested that the membrane protein Pdr12 is involved in fluorescein extrusion from the yeast cells, but component(s) other than Pdr12p is (are) also important.

4

Effects of organic compounds on the macroalgae culture ofAegagropila linnaei

88%

Messyasz B., Leska B., Fabrowska J., Pikosz M., Cieslak A., Schroeder G.

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issue 1

EN

The effects of the impact of four organic compounds (ascorbic acid, biotin, glucose and sucrose) on ash, protein, fiber, fat and amino acid contents in the freshwater Aegagropila linnaei biomass were examined in 7 and 14 days of cultivations in high concentrations of tested compounds (100 mg L-1). The presence of examined organic compounds had a negligible effect on the development of algae and their biomass composition. There were no significant differences in the amino acids composition in the biomass in the presence of organic compounds compared to the test system. However, the increase in ash content was observed irrespective of the cultivation time in the case of all used organic compounds. Only slight differences in crude fat concentration were observed in the case of 7 days cultivation with ascorbic acid, biotin and sucrose, while the highest increase of ash content was observed after 14 days of supplementation with glucose. None of the compounds affected changes in amino acid content in the Aegagropila linnaei biomass. The results suggest that an environment enriched with the test organic compounds had only minimal, or at most short-term, effects on the algal biomass composition.

5

The Influence of Body Weight on Chosen Physiological Parameters in Wrestling

88%

Karninčić H., Krstulović S., Baić M.

Journal of Human Kinetics

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2013

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vol. 37

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issue 1

119-127

EN

In this study, the authors attempted to determine whether the dynamics of blood lactate and glucose in wrestling depend on the weight class. Blood lactate and glucose curves during and after a wrestling match were determined. We also explained the dynamics of blood lactate and glucose in the context of recent glucose and lactate metabolism research. A sample of 60 youth wrestlers (15-20 years) were divided into three weight groups. Each athlete participated in one wrestling match. During the fight, the athletes' heart rate, glucose, and blood lactate were measured. The differences in body mass between the athletes did not affect the dynamics of lactate and glucose in wrestling competition (Fisher LSD test). We established that lactate and glucose dynamics are the same for all weight groups (Fisher LSD-Lactate 1 < 2 < 3 = 4 > 5, Fisher LSD-Glucose 1 = 2 < 3 < 4 < 5). Understanding lactate and glucose metabolism in wrestling is important for wrestling coaches because they need to evaluate a wrestler's anaerobic energy status.

6

Normal Levels of TSH Affect the Metabolic Profile Differently in Physically Active Males and Females

88%

Malara M., Kęska A., Tkaczyk J., Lutosławska G.

Central European Journal of Sport Sciences and Medicine

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2021

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vol. 35

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issue 3

41-48

EN

Our study was aimed at the evaluation of relationships between thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH) within the normal range and metabolic risk factors (glucose, insulin, HOMA-IR and lipoprotein profile) in physically active male and female students. In 219 students circulating TSH, glucose, insulin and lipoproteins were measured in blood under fasting conditions. Insulin resistance was expressed as HOMA-IR (homeostasis model assessment for insulin resistance). For further procedures 99 males and 97 regularly menstruating females with TSH 0.4–4.0 μIU/ml were accepted. In male students no correlations between circulating TSH, anthropometric and biochemical variables were noted. In females TSH within the normal range was slightly but significantly correlated with the triglyceride (TG) level (p < 0.03). However, step-wise multiple regression analysis revealed that the effect of TSH was small (p < 0.046) in relation to that found for HOMA-IR ( p < 0.0009). No relationships between biochemical variables and normal levels of TSH were noted in male students. However, surprisingly normal range TSH in males was slightly but significantly correlated with the percentage of body fat and this issue needs further studies concerning measurements of different fat depots. The above data suggests that in active females TG synthesis and export from the liver is more sensitive to TSH action than in active male counterparts.

7

Effect of insulin and glucose on adenosine metabolizing enzymes in human B lymphocytes

75%

Kocbuch K., Sakowicz-Burkiewicz M., Grden M., Szutowicz A., Pawelczyk T.

Acta Biochimica Polonica

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2009

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vol. 56

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issue 3

439-446

EN

In diabetes several aspects of immunity are altered, including the immunomodulatory action of adenosine. Our study was undertaken to investigate the effect of different glucose and insulin concentrations on activities of adenosine metabolizing enzymes in human B lymphocytes line SKW 6.4. The activity of adenosine deaminase in the cytosolic fraction was very low and was not affected by different glucose concentration, but in the membrane fraction of cells cultured with 25 mM glucose it was decreased by about 35% comparing to the activity in cells maintained in 5 mM glucose, irrespective of insulin concentration. The activities of 5'-nucleotidase (5'-NT) and ecto-5'-NT in SKW 6.4 cells depended on insulin concentration, but not on glucose. Cells cultured with 10-8 M insulin displayed an about 60% lower activity of cytosolic 5'-NT comparing to cells maintained at 10-11 M insulin. The activity of ecto-5'-NT was decreased by about 70% in cells cultured with 10-8 M insulin comparing to cells grown in 10-11 M insulin. Neither insulin nor glucose had an effect on adenosine kinase (AK) activity in SKW 6.4 cells or in human B cells isolated from peripheral blood. The extracellular level of adenosine and inosine during accelerated catabolism of cellular ATP depended on glucose, but not on insulin concentration. Concluding, our study demonstrates that glucose and insulin differentially affect the activities of adenosine metabolizing enzymes in human B lymphocytes, but changes in those activities do not correlate with the adenosine level in cell media during accelerated ATP catabolism, implying that nucleoside transport is the primary factor determining the extracellular level of adenosine.

8

Effects of olive leaf polyphenols against H2O2 toxicity in insulin secreting β-cells

63%

Cumaoğlu A., Rackova L., Stefek M., Kartal M., Maechler P., Karasu Ç.

Acta Biochimica Polonica

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2011

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vol. 58

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issue 1

45-50

EN

In pancreatic β-cells, although H2O2 is a metabolic signal for glucose stimulated insulin secretion, it may induce injury in the presence of increased oxidative stress (OS) as in the case of diabetic chronic hyperglycemia. Olea europea L. (olive) leaves contain polyphenolic compounds that may protect insulin-secreting cells against OS. The major polyphenolic compound in ethanolic olive leaf extract (OLE) is oleuropein (about 20 %), thus we compared the effects of OLE with the effects of standard oleuropein on INS-1 cells. The cells were incubated with increasing concentrations of OLE or oleuropein for 24 h followed by exposure to H2O2 (0.035 mM) for 45 min. H2O2 alone resulted in a significantly decreased viability (MTT assay), depressed glucose-stimulated insulin secretion, increased apoptotic and necrotic cell death (AO/EB staining), inhibited glutathione peroxidase activity (GPx) and stimulated catalase activity that were associated with increased intracellular generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) (fluorescence DCF). OLE and oleuropein partly improved the viability, attenuated necrotic and apoptotic death, inhibited the ROS generation and improved insulin secretion in H2O2-exposed cells. The effects of oleuropein on insulin secretion were more pronounced than those of OLE, while OLE exerted a stronger anti-cytotoxic effect than oleuropein. Unlike OLE, oleuropein had no significant preserving effect on GPx; however, both compounds stimulated the activity of catalase in H2O2-exposed cells. These findings indicate different modulatory roles of polyphenolic constituents of olive leaves on redox homeostasis that may have a role in the maintenance of β-cell physiology against OS.

Refine search results

Induction of the synthesis of an additional family of long-chain dolichols in the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Effect of starvation and ageing.

Test 8 × 32.8 m as a Diagnostic and Fitness Level Control Indicator in Basketball (Diagnostic Test in Basketball)

Pdr12p-dependent and -independent fluorescein extrusion from baker's yeast cells

Effects of organic compounds on the macroalgae culture ofAegagropila linnaei

The Influence of Body Weight on Chosen Physiological Parameters in Wrestling

Normal Levels of TSH Affect the Metabolic Profile Differently in Physically Active Males and Females

Effect of insulin and glucose on adenosine metabolizing enzymes in human B lymphocytes

Effects of olive leaf polyphenols against H2O2 toxicity in insulin secreting β-cells