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Comparative Evaluation of Aqueous Leaf Extracts of Psidium guajava L. and Carica papaya L. and Antibiotic Susceptibility Patterns of Salmonella spp. Isolated from Wound Infections in a Tertiary Hospital

100%

Remmy-Martin A. C., Marvice A. O., Goodness A. O., Destiny O. C., Frances N. C.

World News of Natural Sciences

2026

vol. 64

176-190

Antimicrobial resistance continues to complicate the management of enteric and wound infections, particularly in low-resource settings where plant-based remedies remain widely used. This study evaluated the in vitro antibacterial activity of aqueous extracts of Psidium guajava and Carica papaya leaves against clinical isolates of Salmonella spp. and Shigella spp., and further compared these findings with the antibiotic susceptibility profiles of Salmonella spp. isolated from wound infections among patients in the female surgical ward of the Federal Medical Centre, Owerri. Standard agar-well diffusion, MIC, and MBC assays were performed using extract concentrations ranging from 50–150 mg/mL. Wound swab samples (n = 50) were processed using conventional cultural and biochemical methods, and antibiotic susceptibility testing was conducted using the Kirby-Bauer disk diffusion technique. Aqueous extracts of both plants demonstrated no measurable inhibitory activity against any of the enteric isolates at all tested concentrations, whereas ciprofloxacin (positive control) produced clearly defined inhibition zones, confirming assay validity. In contrast, clinical Salmonella isolates from wound infections exhibited moderate to high susceptibility to conventional antibiotics, with the highest sensitivity recorded against ciprofloxacin and levofloxacin (70% each), followed by ceftriaxone and cefixime (60%). Azithromycin and cefuroxime demonstrated comparatively lower activity (50% each). The comparative findings underscore the limited efficacy of crude aqueous plant extracts against Gram-negative pathogens, while reaffirming the continued relevance of fluoroquinolones and third-generation cephalosporins in managing Salmonella-associated wound infections. The study highlights the need for improved extraction methods, phytochemical concentration techniques, and more targeted exploration of solvent polarity when assessing plant-derived antimicrobials.

Antibiotic therapy of bacterial conjunctivitis - a practical approach

80%

Prost M. E.

2021

vol. 8

issue 4

240-246

Najczęstszą przyczyną zgłaszania się pacjentów do poradni okulistycznej są zapalenia spojówek, których przyczyną często są bakterie. W takim przypadku podstawową formą leczenia jest miejscowa antybiotykoterapia. W pracy przedstawiono aktualne możliwości leczenia tych schorzeń, ze szczególnym uwzględnieniem problemu rozwoju antybiotykooporności. Szczególny nacisk został położony na praktyczne zasady antybiotykoterapii. W świetle aktualnej wiedzy najlepsze efekty w terapii bakteryjnego zapalenia spojówek daje zastosowanie fluorochinolonów IV, a następnie III generacji. Leki te mają najlepsze spektrum działania, a dodatkowo odznaczają się bardzo dobrą penetracją do spojówki i są obciążone najmniejszym ryzykiem rozwoju antybiotykooporności.

The most common cause of ophthalmological consultations in an ophthalmological clinics are conjunctivitis, often caused by bacteria. The main form of its treatment is topical antibiotic therapy. The paper presents the current possibilities of treatment of conjunctivitis, with particular emphasis on the problem of development of the antibiotic resistance and the practical principles of antibiotic therapy. In the light of current knowledge, the best results in the treatment of bacterial conjunctivitis are achieved by the use of IV- and then III-generation of fluoroquinolones. These drugs have the best spectrum of action, and additionally, they have a very good penetration into the conjunctiva and are at the lowest risk of developing antibiotic resistance.

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1 World News of Natural Sciences

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1 Prost M. E.

1 Remmy-Martin A. C.

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Comparative Evaluation of Aqueous Leaf Extracts of Psidium guajava L. and Carica papaya L. and Antibiotic Susceptibility Patterns of Salmonella spp. Isolated from Wound Infections in a Tertiary Hospital

Antibiotic therapy of bacterial conjunctivitis - a practical approach