Search results

1

Kodeks etyki a zjawisko uporczywej terapii w pracy pielęgniarki

100%

Rybka M., Koszczka R.

Innowacje w Pielęgniarstwie i Naukach o Zdrowiu

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2022

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vol. 7

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issue 3

68-80

EN

Introduction. The Code of Nursing Ethics is a moral guide to professional conduct. It presents the actions and attitudes that nurses should present towards the patient, co-workers and professional practice. The standards contained in the Code of Professional Ethics help in solving moral dilemmas that arise during everyday professional work. Ethical dilemmas include: the phenomenon of persistent therapy. This term means the use of medical procedures and treatments disproportionate to the intended goals of therapy. The aim. The aim of the study was to find out the opinions of nurses on the impact of ethics on decisions made in the case of persistent therapy. Materials and methods. The respondents confirmed the occurrence of the phenomenon of persistent therapy applied to patients. The implementation of the principles of the Code of Nursing Ethics in the discussed aspect encounters a number of difficulties. The knowledge of the code of professional ethics was assessed by the nurses as very good, 90% of the respondents encountered the phenomenon of persistent therapy. A group of ¾ of the respondents correctly defines the term persistent therapy. Results. The respondents confirmed the occurrence of the phenomenon of persistent therapy applied to patients. The implementation of the principles of the Code of Nursing Ethics in the discussed aspect encounters a number of difficulties. The knowledge of the code of professional ethics was assessed by the nurses as very good, 90% of the respondents encountered the phenomenon of persistent therapy. Conclusions. The latest medical achievements allow for long-term, artificial life support, but this is not always in line with the teachings of ethics. The line between fighting for life and prolonging agony is slowly disappearing. Nurses in their work encounter situations where the borderline of therapy that brings a positive therapeutic effect is crossed, and actions aimed at persistent therapy. Pressure from the patient's family was one of the factors leading to the decision to conduct futile therapy by the medical staff.

PL

Wstęp. Kodeks etyki pielęgniarskiej stanowi moralny drogowskaz postępowania zawodowego. Przedstawia on działania i postawy jakie powinny prezentować pielęgniarki wobec pacjenta, współpracowników oraz praktyki zawodowej. Normy zawarte w kodeksie etyki zawodowej służą pomocą w rozwiązywaniu dylematów moralnych pojawiających się w czasie wykonywania codziennej pracy zawodowej. Do dylematów etycznych należy m.in. zjawisko uporczywej terapii. Termin ten oznacza stosowanie procedur i zabiegów medycznych nieproporcjonalnych do zamierzonych celów terapii. Cel. Celem badań było poznanie opinii pielęgniarek na temat wpływu etyki na podejmowane decyzje w sytuacji stosowania uporczywej terapii. Materiały i metody. Badaniem objęto grupę 100 pielęgniarek aktywnych zawodowo. Grupą respondentów byli studenci II stopnia na kierunku pielęgniarstwo. Wiek respondentów mieścił się w przedziale 25 do 56 lat. Metodą wykorzystaną w pracy był sondaż diagnostyczny. Narzędziem badawczym był kwestionariusz ankiety konstrukcji własnej, składający się z 22 pytań zamkniętych. Wyniki. Respondenci potwierdzili występowanie zjawiska uporczywej terapii stosowanej wobec pacjentów. Wdrożenie do praktyki zasad Kodeksu etyki pielęgniarskiej w omawianym aspekcie napotyka na szereg trudności. Znajomość kodeksu etyki zawodowej pielęgniarki oceniły na bardzo dobrym poziomie. Większość, czyli 90% respondentów spotkała się ze zjawiskiem uporczywej terapii. Grupa ¾ badanych wskazuje poprawnie definicję pojęcia uporczywa terapia. Wnioski. Najnowsze osiągnięcia medyczne pozwalają na długotrwałe, sztuczne podtrzymywanie życia tylko nie zawsze jest to zgodne z naukami etyki. Pielęgniarki w swojej pracy napotykają sytuacje gdzie następuje przekroczenie granicy terapii przynoszącej pozytywny efekt terapeutyczny, a działaniami zmierzającymi w kierunku uporczywej terapii. Do czynników wiodących do podejmowania decyzji o prowadzeniu terapii daremnej przez personel medyczny była presja ze strony rodziny pacjenta.

2

Problemy etyczne w naukach o zdrowiu na przykładzie psychologii klinicznej i psychologii rehabilitacji

100%

Bidzan M., Bieleninik Ł., Bogucka D., Szulman-Wardal A.

Polskie Forum Psychologiczne

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2013

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vol. XVIII

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issue 3

363-374

EN

Psychology, as the science exploring multi-dimensional functioning of a man, definitely can be classified as one of the health sciences. Despite distinct ontological and epistemological backgrounds of life sciences – biology and medicine – they can co-exist with psychology, because they have a common focus: a human being. It is likely that representatives of health sciences will have the same moral problems, faced with the same subject: a patient. Due to this, the aim of this work is discussing ethical problems in health sciences, on the example of clinical psychology and rehabilitation psychology. Problems, which psychologists face, originate from the ancient times, when the job of the psychologist was unknown. The problems are primarily related to strong interpersonal influence and the risk of ‘power’ abuse. They can be categorized to four groups, including: diagnostic tests, psychological help, therapy and scientific research, including studies involving the use psychological experiments. Identifying the ethical dimension with the competence one, ethical problems occurring in those areas were analyzed in detail. Therefore we provide the reader with an opportunity to become acquainted with the ideal ethical behaviors model, i.e. the Psychology Profession Act, Mental Health Act and Ethical Code of this professional group. We will also show case common behaviors, which nevertheless are contradictory to the desired and expected ones.

3

The Ethical Context of Justifying Anti-Doping Attitudes: Critical Reflections

88%

Kosiewicz J.

Physical Culture and Sport. Studies and Research

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2011

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vol. 53

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issue 1

76-92

EN

The reflections presented in the paper are not normative (in general, it can be said, that they do not create moral values and demands). The presented reflections particularly stress the sense, essence, meaning, and identity of sport in the context of moral demands. A disquisition pointing out that sports and sport-related doping can be situated beyond the moral good and evil must be considered precisely as metaethical, and leads in a consciously controversial way to fully defining the identity of sport in general, as well as the identity of particular sports disciplines.These reflections also refer to the issue concerning the identity of sports philosophy, i.e. general deliberations and specific issues concerning, for example, the factual and cognitive status of normative ethics in sport.It is impossible to overestimate the role and meaning of metaethical reflection in the context of substantiating moral demands in sports as well as in the context of practical results of expectations. This metaethical reflection not only extends self-knowledge, but also contributes to the metaphilosophy of sports. The degree of the development of self-knowledge – both the metaethics of sports and the metaphilosophy of sports – is also a very important declaration, and a sign of general maturity of the philosophy of sports (Kosiewicz 2008/2009, pp. 5-38).

4

The Ukrainian refugee crisis: its ethical aspects and the challenges for the Polish healthcare system – a descriptive review

88%

Kolińska K., Paprocka-Lipińska A., Koliński M.

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2023

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vol. 6

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issue 1

79-86

EN

Since the start of the Russian Invasion of Ukraine on 24.02.2022, millions of people (mostly women and children) have fled Ukraine. Majority of them fled to Poland and providing adequate medical care for the massive influx of refugees is a considerable challenge for the Polish healthcare system, already burdened by the COVID-19 pandemic and staf shortages. The purpose of this study was to identify: the potential health problems of the incoming population, the legal and ethical aspects of the refugee crisis and its implications on public health. Combining the current data with previous research on refugee crises reveals a set of issues that need to be addressed. Ensuring continuity of chronic disease treatment, mental health, the risk of spreading vaccinable preventable diseases, high rates of tuberculosis, HIV and the ongoing COVID-19 pandemic are among the main concerns. In the near future, answers will have to be found to the emerging ethical questions of equal, safe access to care, implications of the language barrier, immunisation coverage, medical staf shortages, and existing legal and ethical regulations. As the emergency responses are addressed, the hosting countries need to prepare long-term resolutions. Kolińska K, Paprocka-Lipińska A, Koliński M. The Ukrainian refugee crisis: its ethical aspects and challenges for the Polish healthcare system - a descriptive review. Eur J Transl Clin Med. 2023;6(1):79-86.

5

Critical comment on the paper „Five years of difficult experiences with the Act of the protection of animals used for scientific or educational purposes dated of January 15, 2015”

88%

Pietrzykowski T., Kalamarz-Kubiak H., Pietrzykowski T., Kalamarz-Kubiak H.

Nauka

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2021

|

issue 1

6

In Memoriam – Prof. Stefan Raszeja MD PhD

88%

Szmuda T., Springer J., Omilian-Mucharska M., Fercho J., Szeibelis-Deskiewicz I., Kozłowski D.

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2021

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vol. 4

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issue 1

7-9

7

The "H5N1 publication case" and its conclusions

88%

Becker G.

Acta Biochimica Polonica

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2012

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vol. 59

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issue 3

441-443

EN

The request of the National Science Advisory Board for Biosecurity (NSABB) to the editors of the scientific journals SCIENCE and NATURE not to publish details on the modified H5N1-virus has surprisingly not caused a discussion on censorship within the scientific community (NSABB, 2012a, P.1). This may show that science generally acknowledges the necessity to cut out sensitive data from research results in publications that may serve as a manual for weapons of mass destruction. In this article the policy of the NSABB and the reaction of the scientific community is discussed, as well as the meaning of censorship in dual use research and how an appropriate organisation of future surveillance in sensitive science fields could be organised: To guarantee future undisturbed work in sensitive science fields, the establishment of an internationally organised frame for scientists dealing with dual-use-research is suggested.

8

Sport and Philosophy of Hospitality: Three Questions on How to Rethink Contemporary Sport Education in Light of Gift and Peace

88%

Isidori E., Echazarreta R. R.

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vol. 59

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issue 1

5-10

EN

The ancient Olympic Games were held in spaces and places consecrated for hospitality, to xénia, a Greek word that means “gifts” but also something that refers to and belongs to strangers and foreigners. Foreigners from every part of Greece met in Olympia to celebrate the agón. In this place, a stranger or a foreigner (hostis in Latin), probably a former enemy, became a friend because he was both guest and host (hospes in Latin) in the sanctuary-town, which belonged to the gods and to all of the Greeks, who recognized themselves in its spirit. This mechanism of hospitality formed the basis of the Olympic peace system and was the fundamental prerequisite for the celebration of agón. The practice of the agón was therefore made possible by a “gift” but also by “for-giveness” that allowed people to meet and compete. We can conclude that at the base of the Olympic (and Greek) ethics there was the concept of hospitality. Olympia was then the common home of all Greeks, the place where ethics were carried out, were put into practice, and concretely exercised. It is not a pure coincidence that the Greek word “ethics” is linked to the word éthos, which means “house”, “home”. For this reason, ethics can be thought as the art of hosting somebody in our own home and trusting him/her, just as it happened in ancient Olympia during the Olympic Games, which demonstrated that ethics was always a home’s ethics. Therefore, taking into account this cultural and philosophical framework, this study will develop a methodological approach, derived from deconstructionism, which will be applied to concepts that are both ambiguous and semantically rich in meaning, such as “gift”, “forgiveness”, xénos, hostis, and hospes. The first objective of this study is to reflect upon the connection between “gift” and “sport” and show the deep interconnection between the two concepts. The second is to use the model of Greek hospitality at the Olympic Games to deeply rethink sport and contemporary philosophy of sport education in terms of peace and multiculturalism.

9

Ethical values in jujutsu of Japanese origin

88%

Cynarski W. J., Jong-Hoon Y.

Physical Activity Review

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2021

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vol. 1

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issue 9

33-39

EN

Background. The broad humanistic and socio-cultural theoretical perspectives applied to this research effort provides a foundation for the Humanistic Theory of Martial Arts and the anthropological focus on martial arts used in this paper. Hence, conceptual language has been adopted for this investigation. The aim is to assess and identify the ethical values and pro-social perspectives accentuated by highranking masters in the martial art of jujutsu. Specifically, this paper seeks to answer the question of which values are most often prioritized or stressed? Method. The discussion involves the analysis of a broad survey of scientific and expert literature. Quoted and compared are the opinions and perspectives of 11 Grand Masters of jujutsu, holders of the highest titles and master's degrees (i.e, 9-10 dan), are analyzed and presented as evidence. Results. Classical schools and their representatives uniformly accentuate the value of tradition. On the other hand, there is a trend toward modernization both in the content of teaching and in technical ideas. This modernization began with Jigoro Kano, whose followers are today seen as reformers. All present Grand Masters pay attention to the ethical values and educational aspects of martial arts, particularly with regard to jujutsu. Conclusions. Ethics in jujutsu extends, as a kind of continuum between the traditionalist Butoku (i.e, knightly virtues resulting from Bushido) and the axiology of Christian Europe. A general consensus exists as to its educational and pro-social values. Aspects may also include self-control, self-discipline, perseverance, and responsibility, which are shaped by long-term educational processes.

10

Sociological Approach on Sports Ethics in a Context of Social Change

88%

Marivoet S.

Physical Culture and Sport. Studies and Research

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2010

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vol. 49

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issue 1

39-52

EN

In exploring sports ethics as a sociological phenomenon, I have tried to demonstrate how alterations in the nomos of the field of competitive practices (in the sense of Bourdieu), have unexpectedly unleashed a chain of events that have ultimately weakened the ethical principles of modern sport, imposing contradictions upon the way these are manifested in practice. Our theoretical approach to ethics was developed from the contribution of Durkheim, Weber and Elias.The universe of our study was the Portuguese reality during the Democratic state as a case study of the phenomenon. The information collected in our research has required different methods of analysis (qualitative and quantitative) and sources of data (official statistics, news from media, participate observation and interviews).Of the changes that took place in the last quarter of the 20th century in the Portuguese sports field, I have identified the inextricable interdependence of sporting, economic and symbolic dimensions as the main determining factor behind the victory-oriented approach to sporting action, which in turn has led to a radicalization of rival interests and an intensification of competition.As a result of this, there have been changes in the ethos of sporting interaction, weakening the principle of fair play and leading to an increase in practices that undermine it. This has meant that refereeing has become much more difficult, with increased distrust in the fairness of the competition, a situation which is aggravated by cases of corruption and doping. In this context, actors and organizations have become more involved in the ethical regulation of their sport in the Portuguese society. As a result, regulation has become more flexible and open to negotiation, both through institutional channels, and through strategies of pressure and persuasion in the (highly mediatized) public sphere. Thus, contingent solidarities have been strengthened to the detriment of organic solidarities.The growing distrust, together with the dynamics of surveillance and supervision launched in the 1990s, have also contributed to the activation of mechanical solidarities within groups with shared interests, in a context of opposition-confrontation or radicalization. This has been propitious to manifestations of collective violent revolt, and to the institution of forms of premeditated violence between some groups of ultra fans. Consequently, the undermining of ethical regularization has become even more visible, particularly in the field of top-level professional football.In response to the specific nature of the ethical conflicts in the sports figuration, states have intervened at national and European level by enshrining ethical principles in the form of legal provisions, defining systems of sanctions and penalties. This has resulted in a weakening of the autonomy enjoyed by sporting organizations, a principle that ultimately derived from the freedom of sporting associative movement in civil society.

11

The Ethical and Legal Context of Justifying Anti-Doping Attitudes

88%

Kosiewicz J.

Physical Culture and Sport. Studies and Research

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2014

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vol. 62

|

issue 1

47-62

EN

The reflections presented in the paper are not normative (in general, it can be said, that they do not create moral values and demands). The presented reflections particularly stress the sense, essence, meaning, and identity of sport in the context of moral demands. A disquisition pointing out that sports and sport-related doping can be situated beyond the moral good and evil must be considered precisely as metaethical, and leads in a consciously controversial way to fully defining the identity of sport in general, as well as the identity of particular sports disciplines. These reflections also refer to the issue concerning the identity of sports philosophy, i.e. general deliberations and specific issues concerning, for example, the factual and cognitive status of normative ethics in sport. It is impossible to overestimate the role and meaning of metaethical reflection in the context of substantiating moral demands in sports as well as in the context of practical results of expectations. This metaethical reflection not only extends self-knowledge, but also contributes to the metaphilosophy of sports. The degree of the development of self-knowledge - both the metaethics of sports and the metaphilosophy of sports - is also a very important declaration, and a sign of general maturity of the philosophy of sports (Kosiewicz 2008/2009, pp. 5-38)

12

Terapia daremna w opinii pielęgniarek

75%

Rybka M., Pytel W.

Innowacje w Pielęgniarstwie i Naukach o Zdrowiu

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2023

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vol. 8

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issue 3

47-59

EN

Introduction. Persistent therapy, i.e., long-term, and intensive treatment, which does not bring improvement of the patient's condition, is a challenge not only for patients, but also for medical staff, especially for nurses. Performing daily duties under high time pressure, constant stress and the need to make difficult decisions related to the participation of patients in the therapeutic process may lead to ethical dilemmas. Ethics plays a key role in nursing work, as it is the foundation of standards of conduct and decisions made by health professionals. The aim. The aim of the study was to find out the opinions of nurses about futile therapy. Materials and methods. The study covered a group of 100 professionally active nurses working in the Intensive Care and Palliative Care ward at Hospital in Inowroclaw. The age of the respondents ranged from 25 to 60 years old. The method used in the above study was a diagnostic survey. The research tool was a self-constructed questionnaire consisting of 27 closed questions. The study was approved by the Bioethics Committee of the State Vocational University in Włocławek, Resolution No. 32/22 Results. Respondents confirmed the occurrence of persistent therapy applied to chronically ill patients and patients with cancer. 93% of respondents correctly define the concept of persistent therapy. The obtained results indicate that 70% of the respondents consider limiting or discontinuing futile therapy as ethical, and ¾ of the respondents indicate that futile therapy has a negative impact on both the patient and his relatives. Conclusions. Modern achievements of medical and technical sciences allow for long-term, artificial life support, but it is not always compliant with the principles of ethics. During their professional work, nurses often encounter situations of crossing the border that brings a positive therapeutic effect and starting persistent therapy.

PL

Wstęp. Uporczywa terapia, czyli długotrwałe i intensywne leczenie, nieprzynoszące poprawy stanu pacjenta, stanowi wyzwanie nie tylko dla pacjentów, ale również dla personelu medycznego, w szczególności dla pielęgniarek. Wykonywanie codziennych obowiązków w warunkach dużej presji czasowej, ciągłego stresu oraz konieczności podejmowania trudnych decyzji związanych z udziałem w procesie terapeutycznym pacjentów, może prowadzić do pojawienia się dylematów etycznych. W pracy pielęgniarskiej etyka odgrywa kluczową rolę, gdyż stanowi ona fundament norm postępowania i decyzji podejmowanych przez pracowników służby zdrowia. Cel. Celem badań było poznanie opinii pielęgniarek na temat terapii daremnej Materiały i metody. Badaniem objęto grupę 100 pielęgniarek/rzy aktywnych zawodowo pracujących w oddziale Intensywnej Terapii i Opieki Paliatywnej w Szpitalu w Inowrocławiu. Wiek respondentów mieścił się 25 do 60 r.ż. Metodą wykorzystaną w powyższej pracy był sondaż diagnostyczny. Narzędziem badawczym był kwestionariusz konstrukcji własnej składający się z 27 pytań zamkniętych. Na przeprowadzenie badań uzyskano zgodę Komisji Bioetycznej Państwowej Uczelni Zawodowej we Włocławku, uchwał numer 32/22 Wyniki. Respondenci potwierdzili występowanie zjawiska prowadzenia uporczywej terapii stosowanej wobec pacjentów przewlekle chorych oraz z chorobą nowotworową. 93% ankietowanych poprawnie definiuje pojęcie uporczywej terapii. Uzyskane wyniki wskazują, że 70% ankietowanych uznaje ograniczenie lub zaprzestanie terapii daremnej za etyczne oraz ¾ badanych wskazuje, że terapia daremna ma negatywny wpływ zarówno na pacjenta, jak i jego bliskich. Wnioski. Współczesne osiągnięcia nauk medycznych i technicznych pozwalają na długotrwałe, sztuczne podtrzymywanie życia tylko nie zawsze jest to zgodne z zasadami etyki. Pielęgniarki podczas pracy zawodowej wielokrotnie napotykają sytuacje przekroczenia granicy przynoszącej pozytywny efekt terapeutyczny i rozpoczęcia uporczywej terapii.

13

Prolegomena for Considerations on Western Sport and Spiritualism

75%

Kosiewicz J.

Physical Culture and Sport. Studies and Research

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2009

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vol. 47

|

issue 1

79-88

EN

Sport activity of achievement-oriented (professional, Olympic, spectacular character) is first of all exposition of rivalry and striving for variously understood sports success (resulting from measurable or discretionary criteria). It refers to winning a competition or taking another expected place as well as to other forms of satisfaction, such as financial gratification or social (political, ethnic, professional) recognition. Spirituality is here neither an aim, nor an expected value - it constitutes rather an additional or redundant quality. A competitor focuses his/her attention first of all on the main aim assumed in planned or current rivalry. Emotional sensations which are experienced by athletes before, during or after competitions testify to mental and emotional stress which accompanies sports combat.It is also difficult to associate spirituality or spiritualism with sport for all - like, for example, that of health-oriented character - sport of the disabled, physical education, sport of playful character or physical recreation. That difficulty results from the fact that neither spiritualism, nor spirituality inspires for physical activity in the abovementioned fields; neither spiritualism, nor spirituality is the outcome of activity in the realm of sport for all.Exceptions are constituted by ancient Olympic Games as well as by some experiences connected with recreational forms of tourism mediated through achievement-oriented sport (also by pre-Columbian Native American societies and Maoris aboriginal population of New Zealand).For example Hellenic Olympic Games were a highly spiritualized form of sports rivalry - including also rivalry in the field of art, and especially in the field of theatre. They were one of numerous forms of religious cult - of worshipping chosen gods from the Olympic pantheon. On the other hand, during mountain hiking and mountain climbing there can appear manifestations of deepened spirituality characteristic for the object of spiritualization of non-religious, quasi-religious or strictly religious qualities.I would like to explain - at the end of this short abstract - that spiritualism (which should not be confused with spiritism) is - generally speaking - first of all a philosophical term assuming, in ontological and axiological sense, that spiritual reality, self-knowledge, consciousness or mental experiences are components of the human being - components of a higher order having priority over matter. They constitute, in the anthropological context, beings of a higher order than the body.Spiritualism according to its popular interpretation means spirituality. Qualities which are ascribed to that notion in particular societies can be determined on the basis of empirically oriented sociological research. They make it possible to determine various ways of interpreting and understanding that notion as well as views or attitudes connected with it.

14

Western Sport and Spiritualism

75%

Kosiewicz J.

Physical Culture and Sport. Studies and Research

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2014

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vol. 62

|

issue 1

73-82

EN

Sport activity of achievement-oriented (professional, Olympic, spectacular character) is first of all exposition of rivalry and striving for variously understood sports success (resulting from measurable or discretionary criteria). It refers to winning a competition or taking another expected place as well as to other forms of satisfaction, such as financial gratification or social (political, ethnic, professional) recognition. Spirituality is here neither an aim, nor an expected value - it constitutes rather an additional or redundant quality. A competitor focuses his/her attention first of all on the main aim assumed in planned or current rivalry. Emotional sensations which are experienced by athletes before, during or after competitions testify to mental and emotional stress which accompanies sports combat. It is also difficult to associate spirituality or spiritualism with sport for all - like, for example, that of health-oriented character - sport of the disabled, physical education, sport of playful character or physical recreation. That difficulty results from the fact that neither spiritualism, nor spirituality inspires for physical activity in the abovementioned fields; neither spiritualism, nor spirituality is the outcome of activity in the realm of sport for all. Exceptions are constituted by ancient Olympic Games as well as by some experiences connected with recreational forms of tourism mediated through achievement-oriented sport (also by pre-Columbian Native American societies and Maoris aboriginal population of New Zealand). For example Hellenic Olympic Games were a highly spiritualized form of sports rivalry - including also rivalry in the field of art, and especially in the field of theatre. They were one of numerous forms of religious cult - of worshipping chosen gods from the Olympic pantheon. On the other hand, during mountain hiking and mountain climbing there can appear manifestations of deepened spirituality characteristic for the object of spiritualization of non-religious, quasi-religious or strictly religious qualities. I would like to explain - at the end of this short abstract - that spiritualism (which should not be confused with spiritism) is - generally speaking - first of all a philosophical term assuming, in ontological and axiological sense, that spiritual reality, self-knowledge, consciousness or mental experiences are components of the human being - components of a higher order having priority over matter. They constitute, in the anthropological context, beings of a higher order than the body. Spiritualism according to its popular interpretation means spirituality. Qualities which are ascribed to that notion in particular societies can be determined on the basis of empirically oriented sociological research. They make it possible to determine various ways of interpreting and understanding that notion as well as views or attitudes connected with it.

15

Psychologist at university, in practice and among people – methodological, cultural and ethical determinants

63%

Brzeziński J. M., Brzeziński J. M.

Nauka

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2018

|

issue 1

16

Hope in literature

63%

Śliwiński P., Śliwiński P.

Nauka

|

2020

|

issue 4

17

Badanie zachowań seksualnych dzieci i młodzieży – problemy etyczne i metodologiczne

63%

Dąbkowski M., Dąbkowska M.

Psychiatria i Psychologia Kliniczna

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2014

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vol. 14

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issue 2

106-111

EN

In the already existing resources of original Polish studies concerning the sexuality of children and adolescents as well as in planning similar studies there are important methodological shortcomings and ethical controversies. Beginning with the “sensitivity” of the topic, having diversified social assessment, through the difficulties in comparative studies (most of the literature comes from English-speaking cultural area) as well as the specifics of the selection of the studied populations (narrowed almost entirely to victims of sexual abuse), ending with the difficulties in formulating research objectives and ways of their implementation without compromising the subjects with possible damage. Significant limitations, strictly connected with the above ethical issues are the methodological aspects of sexual behaviour studies among children and adolescents – both the healthy and the ones from clinical groups. This article discusses the advantages and shortcomings of the ways of collecting data and research methodology – case studies; interviews with children and adolescents concerning their sexual behaviour; retrospective descriptions made by young adults, their sexual behaviour from childhood and adolescence time; observations of sexual behaviours of younger children made by parents and carers; standardized behaviour rating scales; direct observation and self-monitoring and neuroimaging studies. The values and limitations of these methods are presented in the axiological optics on the basis of own studies on children from the clinical population.

PL

W oryginalnych polskich opracowaniach dotyczących seksualności dzieci i młodzieży, a także w planowaniu badań z tego zakresu można zaobserwować istotne niedoskonałości metodologiczne i kwestie budzące kontrowersje etyczne, począwszy od „wrażliwości” tematyki, spotykającej się ze zróżnicowaną oceną społeczną, poprzez trudności w badaniach porównawczych (większość literatury pochodzi z anglojęzycznego obszaru kulturowego), specyfikę doboru populacji badanych (zawężonej nieomal zupełnie do ofiar molestowania seksualnego), na trudnościach w formułowaniu celów badawczych i sposobów ich realizacji bez narażania osób badanych na możliwe szkody skończywszy. Istotnymi ograniczeniami, ściśle związanymi z wymienionymi problemami etycznymi, są aspekty metodologiczne badań zachowań seksualnych dzieci i młodzieży – zarówno zdrowej, jak i z grup klinicznych. W pracy omówiono niedoskonałości różnych sposobów zbierania danych i metod badawczych (opisy przypadków – case studies, wywiady zbierane od dzieci i młodzieży dotyczące ich zachowań seksualnych, retrospektywne opisy własnych zachowań seksualnych z czasu dzieciństwa i adolescencji dokonywane przez młodych dorosłych, obserwacje zachowań seksualnych młodszych dzieci dokonywane przez rodziców i opiekunów, standaryzowane skale oceny zachowań, obserwacja bezpośrednia oraz samomonitorowanie i badania neuroobrazowe), a także związane z nimi korzyści. Wartości i ograniczenia tych metod przedstawione są w optyce aksjologicznej, na podstawie badań własnych dzieci z populacji klinicznej.

18

For an ethic of architecture

51%

Krzysztof L. J., Krzysztof L. J.

Teka Komisji Urbanistyki i Architektury Oddziału Polskiej Akademii Nauk w Krakowie

|

2020

|

vol. XLVIII

19

Knowledge alone is not everything... On values and responsibility of university

39%

Banyś W., Banyś W.

Nauka

|

2019

|

issue 4

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