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EN
The effects of ultralow-frequency or static magnetic and electric fields on biological processes is of huge interest for researchers due to the resonant change of the intensity of biochemical reactions, despite the energy in such fields being small in comparison with the characteristic energy k B T of the chemical reactions. In the present work, a simplified model to study the effects of weak static magnetic fields on fluctuations of the random ionic currents in blood is presented with a view to solving the k B T problem in magnetobiology. An analytic expression for the kinetic energy of the molecules dissolved in certain liquid media is obtained. The values of the magnetic field leading to resonant effects in capillaries are then estimated. The numerical estimates show that the resonant values of the energy of molecules in capillaries and the aorta are different. These estimates prove that under identical conditions, a molecule in the aorta gets 10−9 times less energy than the molecules in blood capillaries. Therefore, the capillaries are very sensitive to the resonant effect. As the magnetic field approaches the resonant value, the average energy of a molecule localized in a capillary is increased by several orders of magnitude as compared to its thermal energy. This amount of energy is sufficient to cause deterioration of certain chemical bonds.
EN
ABSTRACT The recent increase in off-season crop cultivation in greenhouses requires prediction of crop reference evapotranspiration (ETo) to quantify size of irrigation equipments and water scheduling. Currently, estimating the reference crop evapotranspiration for a greenhouse crop is based on the FAO-56 Penman-Monteith formula which requires large set of external greenhouse input climatic data that is not usually available. Moreover, the prediction of ETo is difficult because the wind speed inside a greenhouse is low or approximate zero and the external greenhouses climate data differ markedly from inner greenhouse data. In order to calculate ETo from inside greenhouse a Penman-Monteith modified and simplified procedure was proposed as main objective of this study. The procedure is based on two steps that are to use the heat transfer approach to predict inside the greenhouses temperature, and secondly to employ the predicted temperature data to estimate ETo as suggested by FAO – irrigation and drainage paper 56. However, the relative humidity and radiation are to be estimated from data on temperature differences. The model was validated using meteorological data measured within Quonset type (20 × 9 × 3) greenhouse in Shambat - Khartoum North area in 2022. Prediction of temperature by heat transfer model was verified with greenhouse data reported by Hadi and Ahmad (2019). The model statistical verification shows that the fitted value of the model agreed with the calculated value by the formulas. The model was applied with data collected in nine houses located in three sites in Khartoum North for three seasons. The results indicated the possibility of using the proposed procedure to predict ETo for design and operation purposes for erecting new greenhouse in a new area because less meteorological factors are needed.
EN
Treating diabetes is a complex process covering proper diet, regular and moderate physical activity and medication. The basis of diet planning is to determine the energy requirements, considering the age, sex, physical activity, physiological condition, concomitant diseases and body mass of the patient. The aim of the study was to evaluate the energy value of meals consumed by patients with type 2 diabetes considering their age, sex and body mass. MATERIAL AND METHODS The study was performed three times on 100 patients, including 52 men and 48 women. It consisted in a 24-hour diet recall and performing anthropometric measures. To evaluate the energy value of meals, the Dieta 2 computer program was used, whereas the Statistica 7.1 program was used for statistical analyses purposes. RESULTS Among the men and women of all the age groups, the daily energy requirements were lower comparing to the dietary recommendations. Moreover, the energy value of individual meals was lower in comparison to the recommendations, excluding dinner which for all the age and weight groups (excluding men aged 31–50 of 90–99kg body mass and women over 75 years of age of 60–69 kg body mass) provided more energy comparing to the recommended value. The energy value of individual meals consumed by the studied patients regardless of their age, weight and body mass was lower comparing to the dietary recommendations. An improper distribution of energy in daily rations and its inadequate division in meals was noted, regardless of the age and sex of the studied subjects. CONCLUSIONS A 24-hour diet recall is an element enabling possible health risks assessment, including undernutrition, overweight or obesity in patients with type 2 diabetes.
PL
Leczenie cukrzycy jest procesem kompleksowym i obejmuje stosowanie odpowiedniej diety, regularnej i umiarkowanej aktywności fizycznej oraz przyjmowanie leków. Podstawą planowania diety jest ustalenie zapotrzebowania energetycznego, które powinno uwzględniać wiek, płeć, aktywność fizyczną, stan fizjologiczny, współistnienie chorób oraz masę ciała pacjenta. Celem pracy była ocena wartości energetycznej posiłków spożywanych przez pacjentów z cukrzycą typu 2, z uwzględnieniem ich płci, wieku i masy ciała. MATERIAŁ I METODY Badanie zostało przeprowadzone trzykrotnie. Uczestniczyło w nim 100 pacjentów, w tym 52 mężczyzn i 48 kobiet. Składały się na nie 24-godzinny wywiad żywieniowy oraz pomiary antropometryczne. Do oceny wartości energetycznej posiłków posłużono się programem komputerowym Dieta 2, do analiz statystycznych wykorzystano program Statistica 7.1. WYNIKI Dla mężczyzn i kobiet we wszystkich grupach wiekowych dobowa podaż energii była niższa od wskazywanej w zalecaniach żywieniowych. Także wartość energetyczna poszczególnych posiłków była niższa od zalecanej, z wyjątkiem posiłku obiadowego, który we wszystkich grupach wiekowych i wagowych (poza mężczyznami w wieku 31–50 lat i masie ciała 90–99 kg oraz kobietami powyżej 75 lat i masie ciała 60–69 kg) dostarczał więcej energii od ilości rekomendowanej. Wartość energetyczna poszczególnych posiłków spożywanych przez badanych pacjentów niezależnie od ich płci, wieku i masy ciała była niższa od zaleceń żywieniowych. Stwierdzono nieprawidłowy rozkład energii zawartej w dziennej racji pokarmowej i podział jej na posiłki, niezależnie od płci i wieku badanych osób. WNIOSEK 24-godzinny wywiad żywieniowy jest elementem umożliwiającym ocenę możliwości wystąpienia zagrożeń zdrowia, w tym niedożywienia, nadwagi lub otyłości, u pacjentów z cukrzycą typu 2.
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