Search results

1

Gender’s Effect on a School-Based Intervention in the Prepubertal Growth Spurt

100%

Marta C., Marinho D., Casanova N., Fonseca T., Vila-Chã C., Jorge B., Izquierdo M., Esteves D., Marques M.

Journal of Human Kinetics

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2014

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vol. 43

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issue 1

159-167

EN

Children aged 10-11 years pass through a dynamic developmental period marked by rapid changes in body size, shape, and composition, all of which are sexually dimorphic. The purpose of this study was to analyze the effects of gender on a school-based intervention in the prepubertal growth spurt. One hundred twenty-five healthy children (58 boys, 67 girls), fifth and sixth grade students from an urban public elementary school in Portugal (10.8 ± 0.4 years), were randomly assigned into two experimental groups: a strength training group (19 boys, 22 girls), and an endurance training group (21 boys, 24 girls); and a control group (18 boys, 21 girls; no training program). Training program for the two experimental groups was conducted twice a week for 8 weeks. Compared with the values at the beginning of the protocol, both strength and endurance training programs produced significant improvements (p< 0.05) in vertical and horizontal jumps, a 1 kg and 3 kg medicine ball throw, a 20 m sprint and VO2max, for both boys and girls. No significant changes were observed related to gender in training-induced strength (p> 0.05, ƞ_p^2= 0.16, Power= 0.29) and aerobic (p> 0.05, ƞ_p^2= 0.05, Power= 0.28) capacity. The results of the present study should be taken into consideration in order to optimize strength training school-based programs.

2

Improving Flexibility and Endurance of Elderly Women Through a Six-Month Training Programme

88%

Plachy J., Kovách M., Bognár J.

Human Movement

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2012

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vol. 13

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issue 1

22-27

EN

Purpose. Advancing age is associated with predictable sensory, motor and cognitive changes, which may have a potential impact on an older person's ability to function effectively in society. The purpose of this study was to assess whether two slightly different half-year-long regular training programmes had a positive effect on flexibility, range of motion and endurance in a sample population of elderly persons. Also analysed was which programme was found to be more effective. Methods. A group of women (N = 42, M = 67.1 ± 4.5 years) was chosen from retired persons clubs from Eger, Hungary. They were randomly divided into three groups. The first group (N = 15, M = 66.2 ± 3.8 years) took part in a one-hour-long Pilates training session three times a week, the second group (N = 15, M = 67.1 ± 5.9 years) took part in an aqua-fitness class twice a week with one Pilates class once a week and the third group (N = 12, M = 68.2 ± 3.2 years) was the control group. Pre-and postmeasurements were conducted on: flexion of the right shoulder and hip, lumbar spine flexion, thoracolumbar spine flexion, trunk lateral flexion on the right side, a 6-minute walk test, and a 30-second sit-to-stand test. Significant inter-group differences could be found in all of the measurements. Data were analysed using statistical software with the Paired-Samples T-test and Multivariate Analysis of Variance (p < 0.05). Results. After the six-month regular training programmes no differences were found in the control group. For the two groups subjected to the training programmes all the other variables showed significant differences. The most remarkable results for the Pilates group were with the 6-minute walk and sit-to-stand test, while for the aqua-fitness and Pilates group shoulder and hip flexion. Conclusions. A half-year-long training program can considerably improve the physical performance elderly adults need in everyday life.

3

Effects of Elbow Flexor Muscle Resistance Training on Strength, Endurance and Perceived Exertion

88%

Gonçalves M., Souza Castelo Oliveira A.

Human Movement

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2013

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vol. 14

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issue 2

110-115

EN

Purpose. To verify the effects of resistance training at the electromyographic fatigue threshold (EMGFT) based on one-repetition maximum strength (1RM), heart rate (HR), rate of perceived exertion (PE) and endurance time (EndT). Methods. Nineteen subjects (training group [TG]: n = 10; control group [CG]: n = 9), performed 1-min bicep curl exercises sets at 25%, 30%, 35% and 40% 1RM. Electromyography (biceps brachii and brachiorradialis), HR and PE were registered. Biceps brachii EMGFT was used to create a load index for an eight-week resistance training programme (three sets until exhaustion/session, two sessions/week) for the TG. The CG only attended one session in the first week and another session in the last week of the eight-week training period for EndT measurement. EndT was determined from the number of repetitions of each of the three sets performed in the first and last training sessions. After training, 1RM, EMGFT, EndT, HR and PE at the different bicep curl load intensities were again measured for both groups. Results. Increases in 1RM (5.9%, p < 0.05) and EndT (> 60%, p < 0.001) after training were found. In addition, PE was reduced at all load intensities (p < 0.05), while no changes were found for HR and EMGFT after training. Conclusions. Strength-endurance training based on the EMGFT improved muscular endurance and also, to a lesser extent, muscular strength. Moreover, the reduced levels of physical exertion after training at the same intensity suggest that endurance training exercises may improve comfort while performing strength exercises.

4

The effect of circuit training on physical fitness and archery accuracy in novice athletes

88%

Susanto S., Siswantoyo S., Prasetyo Y., Putranta H.

Physical Activity Review

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2021

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vol. 1

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issue 9

100-108

EN

Introduction: Physical condition is one of the most important factors in supporting archery. the better the physical condition, the better the concentration to support accuracy in archery. Concentration in archery is the ability to target targets accurately. Purpose: The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of circuit training on improving physical fitness and archery accuracy in novice athletes. Materials and Methods: Participants were 20 novice athletes, aged 10 to 12 years. Quasi-experimental research design, using two group pretest-posttest design. The method of collecting data on physical fitness uses the Indonesian physical fitness test (IPFT) aged 10-12 years and the accuracy test is by shooting arrows at the target. Data analysis used paired sample t-test, to determine differences in variable groups of men and women. The analysis results showed no difference if the significant value was less than 0.05 (p<0.05). Before analyzing the data, a prerequisite test was carried out which included the Shapiro Wilk normality test and the variate homogeneity test using the Levene's test. Results: The results showed that there was a significant increase in physical fitness in the male and female groups. Therefore, there was a significant improvement in the accuracy of archery shots in the male and female groups. The study concluded that circuit training is effective for improving physical fitness and archery accuracy in novice athletes.

5

Endurance and Speed Capacity of the Korea Republic Football National Team During the World Cup of 2010

88%

Duk O., Min K., Kawczyński A., Chmura P., Mroczek D., Chmura J.

Journal of Human Kinetics

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2011

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vol. 30

115-121

EN

The aim of the study was to characterize selected indices of endurance and speed of the Korea Republic team with reference to the four best teams during the World Cup of 2010. Five hundred and ninety-nine football players from thirty-two teams participated in the study. All teams played in the 2010 World Cup in South Africa. For the assessment of the players' motor activity during matches common kinematic test results were recorded using the Castrol Performance Index. The following variables were analysed: total distance covered by the team, distance covered by individual players, maximum running speed and average match running speed for the team and individual players, as well as with division with regard to playing position: defenders, midfielders, strikers. In comparison to the four best teams at the football World Cup of 2010, the Korea Republic players achieved the highest running speed (p≤0.05), and similar levels of covered distance and average match running speed.

6

Measurement of Cardiorespiratory Fitness in Children from Two Commonly Used Field Tests After Accounting for Body Fatness and Maturity

88%

Hamlin M. J., Fraser M., Lizamore C. A., Draper N., Shearman J. P., Kimber N. E.

Journal of Human Kinetics

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2014

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vol. 40

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issue 1

83-92

EN

Body fat and maturation both influence cardiorespiratory fitness, however few studies have taken these variables into account when using field tests to predict children’s fitness levels. The purpose of this study was to determine the relationship between two field tests of cardiorespiratory fitness (20 m Maximal Multistage Shuttle Run [20-MST], 550 m distance run [550-m]) and direct measurement of VO2max after adjustment for body fatness and maturity levels. Fifty-three participants (25 boys, 28 girls, age 10.6 ± 1.2 y, mean ± SD) had their body fat levels estimated using bioelectrical impedance (16.6% ± 6.0% and 20.0% ± 5.8% for boys and girls, respectively). Participants performed in random order, the 20-MST and 550-m run followed by a progressive treadmill test to exhaustion during which gas exchange measures were taken. Pearson correlation coefficient analysis revealed that the participants’ performance in the 20-MST and 550-m run were highly correlated to VO2max obtained during the treadmill test to exhaustion (r = 0.70 and 0.59 for 20-MST and 550-m run, respectively). Adjusting for body fatness and maturity levels in a multivariate regression analysis increased the associations between the field tests and VO2max (r = 0.73 for 20-MST and 0.65 for 550-m). We may conclude that both the 20-MST and the 550-m distance run are valid field tests of cardiorespiratory fitness in New Zealand 8-13 year old children and incorporating body fatness and maturity levels explains an additional 5-7% of the variance.

7

Serum Concentrations of S100B are not Affected by Cycling to Exhaustion With or Without Vibration

88%

Schulte S., Schiffer T., Sperlich B., Kleinöder H., Holmberg H.

Journal of Human Kinetics

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2011

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vol. 30

59-63

EN

The calcium-binding protein S100B is produced primarily by astrocytes and exerts concentration-dependent paracrine and autocrine effects on neurons and glia. The numerous findings of a correlation between S100B and traumatic brain injury (TBI) have resulted in the employment of this protein as a clinical biomarker for such injury. Our present aim was to determine whether cycling with (V) or without (NV) vibration alters serum concentrations of S100B. Twelve healthy, male non-smokers (age: 25.3±1.6 yrs, body mass: 74.2±5.9 kg, body height: 181.0±3.7 cm, VO2peak: 56.9±5.1 ml·min-1·kg-1 (means ± SD)) completed in random order two separate trials to exhaustion on a vibrating bicycle (amplitude 4 mm and frequency 20 Hz) connected to an ergometer. The initial workload of 100 W was elevated by 50 W every 5 min and the mean maximal period of exercise was 25:27±1:30 min. The S100B in venous blood taken at rest, immediately after the test, and 30, 60 and 240 min post-exercise exhibited no significant differences (p>0.05), suggesting that cycling with and without vibration does not influence this parameter.

8

Nordic Walking Training and Physical Fitness in Elderly Women

88%

Ossowski Z., Prusik K., Prusik K., Kortas J., Wiech M., Bielawa ł.

Polish Journal of Sport and Tourism

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2015

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vol. 21

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issue 4

253-257

EN

Introduction. Together with longer human lives, increase in economy level and higher social expectations, there is also need for developing science studies on physical culture and its role in prevention of ageing. Taking care of physical fitness is one of the main factor that guarantees both health and high quality life for millions of older people. The purpose of this article was to determine the changes of physical fitness level under the influence of Nordic walking trainingin women aged 60-75 years. Material and methods. 65 women aged 60-75 years were the subject of this study. Women were divided into 2 groups: control group (26 people) and experimental group (39 people). Women from experimental group were taking part in Nordic walking training for 15 weeks, 2 times a week, 60 minutes each meeting. To determine the level of physical fitness some trials from EUROFIT test for adults were applied and march test 2 km was held. Results. The trend of improvement of physical fitness under health education and Nordic walking training was determined. The best results was on endurance field (statistically significant p<0.05). It was also observed slight decrease in physical fitness in women that didn't take part in mentioned training.

9

Changes in maximal aerobic fitness and students’ attitude towards physical effort during outdoor and indoor school lessons of Physical Education

75%

Pasek M., Michalowska-Sawczyn M., Nowak-Zaleska A.

Baltic Journal of Health and Physical Activity

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2014

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vol. 6

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issue 1

24-33

EN

Background: The aim of the research was to determine an influence of an increased number of outdoor lessons of Physical Education on aerobic fitness and to evaluate students’ attitude towards endurance efforts. Material/Methods: In the presented research project a group of students participated in a school program of Physical Education on the basis of a higher number of lessons realized in the natural environment in the vicinity of school. The subjects were a group of 220 students from 4 schools of the Pomeranian Voivodeship, who were subjected to initial and final measurements during two school years. The most important assumption of the research stated better effects of outdoor classes of Physical Education in comparison with indoor classes and the shortage of experimental factor influence on the correlation change between objective and subjective indices of fitness and attitudes related to it. Results: In the experimental group the most distinct differences between initial and final tests concerned the endurance measurement, similarly to the control group in which, however, the improvement in the final test was less noticeable. The correlation among three analyzed variables was significant for both research groups. The comparison of results of students from the experimental and the control groups demonstrates a positive influence of outdoor lessons on the level of endurance and, to a lower degree, on the feeling of effort fatigue and mood. Conclusions: The research was conducted with a use of three research tools: the mood scale, Cooper’s test and the subjective fatigue feeling with finished effort scale that allow a positive verification of the presented hypothesis, which should be an encouragement for wider practicing of innovative activities to bring closer the assumed aims of Physical Education to the aims actually achieved.

10

Questioning the Resistance/Aerobic Training Dichotomy: A Commentary on Physiological Adaptations Determined by Effort Rather than Exercise Modality

75%

Fisher J., Steele J.

Journal of Human Kinetics

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2014

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vol. 44

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issue 1

137-142

EN

This paper discusses and challenges the current opinion that exercise adaptation is generally defined by modality; resistance exercise (RE), or aerobic exercise (AE). In presenting a strong body of recent research which demonstrably challenges these perceptions we suggest alternate hypotheses towards physiological adaptation which is hinged more upon the effort than the exercise modality. Practical implications of this interpretation of exercise adaptation might effect change in exercise adherence since existing barriers to exercise of time, costs, specialized equipment, etc. become nullified. In presenting the evidence herein we suggest that lay persons wishing to attain the health and fitness (including strength and muscle hypertrophy) benefits of exercise can choose from a wide range of potential exercise modalities so long as the effort is high. Future research should consider this hypothesis by directly comparing RE and AE for acute responses and chronic adaptations.

11

The Functional Classification and Field Test Performance in Wheelchair Basketball Players

75%

Gil S. M., Yanci J., Otero M., Olasagasti J., Badiola A., Bidaurrazaga-Letona I., Iturricastillo A., Granados C.

Journal of Human Kinetics

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2015

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vol. 46

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issue 1

219-230

EN

Wheelchair basketball players are classified in four classes based on the International Wheelchair Basketball Federation (IWBF) system of competition. Thus, the aim of the study was to ascertain if the IWBF classification, the type of injury and the wheelchair experience were related to different performance field-based tests. Thirteen basketball players undertook anthropometric measurements and performance tests (hand dynamometry, 5 m and 20 m sprints, 5 m and 20 m sprints with a ball, a T-test, a Pick-up test, a modified 10 m Yo-Yo intermittent recovery test, a maximal pass and a medicine ball throw). The IWBF class was correlated (p<0.05) to the hand dynamometry (r= 0.84), the maximal pass (r=0.67) and the medicine ball throw (r= 0.67). Whereas the years of dependence on the wheelchair were correlated to the velocity (p<0.01): 5 m (r= −0.80) and 20 m (r= −0.77) and agility tests (r= −0.77, p<0.01). Also, the 20 m sprint with a ball (r= 0.68) and the T-test (r= −0.57) correlated (p<0.05) with the experience in playing wheelchair basketball. Therefore, in this team the correlations of the performance variables differed when they were related to the disability class, the years of dependence on the wheelchair and the experience in playing wheelchair basketball. These results should be taken into account by the technical staff and coaches of the teams when assessing performance of wheelchair basketball players.

12

Comparison of the General Fitness Level in Junior Kayakers with Different Sports Level Running title: Comparison of the fitness level in kayakers

75%

Rynkiewicz M., Żurek P., Biernacki J., Pokrywka K., Rynkiewicz T.

Central European Journal of Sport Sciences and Medicine

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2019

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vol. 26

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issue 2

57-65

EN

The objectives of this study were to see if the general performance of kayakers depends on the level of their specific preparation and to identify the parameters of general preparedness that determine specific preparation. The subjects were divided into 3 groups on the basis of the result of a specific test: paddling over a 2000-m distance. Group 2 included kayakers whose paddling time did not exceed ±1 SD for the whole sample, while group 1 included the best athletes with paddling times shorter than –1 SD and group 3 individuals who needed more than +1 SD to cover the 2000-m distance. The study included 55 junior flatwater kayakers, represented various sports classes. All athletes manifested a similar level of endurance running, power and endurance pull and push barbell, 30 m running tests. The only differing characteristic between all groups was the level of asymmetry in distance of ball throw from sitting position of at 29%, 45% and 66% in each group and paddling for 2000 m time. All athletes manifested a similar level of general fitness preparation. The only differing characteristic between all groups was the level of asymmetry in distance of ball throw from a sitting position.

13

RELATIONSHIPS BETWEEN PHYSICAL CHARACTERISTICS AND RANKING OF YOUNG TENNIS PLAYERS

75%

Meckel Y., Hophy A., Dunsky A., Eliakim A.

Central European Journal of Sport Sciences and Medicine

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2015

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vol. 10

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issue 2

5-12

EN

The purpose of the present study was: 1) to determine young tennis players’ fitness and anthropometric characteristics; and 2) to determine to what extent these characteristics relate to the players’ national ranking. Forty young (age 15.1 ±0.4) trained male tennis players, who were ranked from 1 to 40 in their age group in the country’s youth tennis players list, were tested for speed, speed endurance, flexibility, strength, specific agility and quickness, aerobic capacity, height, and weight. Significant correlations were found between the players’ ranking and speed (r = 0.430 – 0.475), specific agility and quickness (r = 0.626), speed endurance (r = 0.562), strength (r = –0.416), aerobic capacity (r = –0.581), flexibility (r = 0.352), height (r = –0.443), and weight (r = –0.293). Stepwise regression analysis indicated that specific agility and quickness accounted for almost 40% of the players’ ranking, while its combination with the players’ height accounted for 56%. The results imply the overall importance of anaerobic capabilities and tennis-specific movements to the young tennis players’ ranking. The results also emphasize the importance of tennis-specific tests to the young tennis players’ performance evaluation

14

Normative values of static and dynamic abdominal muscles endurance in apparently healthy Nigerians

63%

Mbada C. E., Adeyemi O. O., Johnson O. E., Dada O. O., Awofolu O. O., Oghumu S. N.

Medical Rehabilitation

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2010

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vol. 14(4)

25-32

PL

Wstęp: Znajomość wartości normatywnych dla wytrzymałości mięśni brzucha jest istotna dla identyfikacji zaburzeń i niepełnosprawności, oraz dla określania miar wyniku w rehabilitacji pacjentów z bólami krzyża.Materiał i metoda: W badaniu wzięło udział 504 wolontariuszy w wieku od 16 do 70 lat. Do ilościowego zbadania statycznej (SAME) i dynamicznej (DAME) wytrzymałości mięśni brzucha zastosowano test częściowego unoszenia tułowia z pozycji leżenia tyłem, będący składową Canadian Standardized Test of Fitness. Wytrzymałość określano na podstawie podziału percentylowego, przyjmując jako wytrzymałość słabą wyniki z przedziału <25, średnią – wyniki z przedziału 25-75, dobrą – wyniki z przedziału 75-95, i bardzo dobrą – >95.Wyniki: Średnie wartości SAME i DAME wynosiły odpowiednio 37,2 ±24,3 sekund (s) i 18,1 ±9,57 powtórzeń (reps). Wartości SAME < 24 s uznano za słabą, pomiędzy 24 a 44 s za średnią, pomiędzy 45 a 78 s za dobrą, oraz > 78 s za bardzo dobrą wytrzymałość statyczną. Wartości DAME < 11 reps uznano za słabą, pomiędzy 11 a 23 reps za średnią, pomiędzy 24 a 36 reps za dobrą, oraz > 36 reps za bardzo dobrą wytrzymałość dynamiczną. Zarówno SAME jak i DAME istotnie różniły się w poszczególnych grupach wiekowych (p<0.05). Stwierdzono istotną korelację pomiędzy SAME i DAME (p = 0.001). Mężczyźni wykazywali wyższe wartości SAME i DAME niż kobiety (p<0.05).Wniosek: Określone w tym badaniu, zależne od wieku i płci, wartości normatywne statycznej i dynamicznej wytrzymałości mięśni brzucha mogą być zastosowane w rehabilitacji dla określenia wielkości zaburzeń wytrzymałości tych mięśni, zarówno przy kwalifikowaniu do interwencji oraz jako miara wyniku uzyskiwania poprawy.

EN

Introduction: Normative databases of abdominal muscles endurance are important in identifying trunk muscles impairments and disability and as a rehabilitation outcome in low-back pain. This study established gender-and-age normative data on static and dynamic abdominal muscles endurance among apparently healthy Nigerians.Materials and methods: Five hundred and three consented volunteers aged between 16 and 70 years participated in this study. Partial curl-up test of the Canadian Standardized Test of Fitness was used to quantify static abdominal muscles endurance (SAME) and dynamic abdominal muscles endurance (DAME). Endurance levels were defined using percentiles as poor (<25th), medium (between 25and 75th), good (between 75 and 95th), and very good (>95th) respectively.Results: The mean SAME and DAME was 37.2±24.3 seconds (s) and 18.1±9.57 repetitions (reps) respectively. SAME that is < 24s was considered poor, between 24 and 44s as medium, 45 and 78s as good and > 78s as very good endurance. DAME < 11 repetitions (reps) was considered poor, between 11 and 23 reps as medium, between 24 and 36 reps as good and > 36 reps as very good endurance. Both SAME and DAME differed significantly across the age groups (p<0.05). Significant correlation existed between SAME and DAME (p = 0.001). Males exhibited a higher SAME and DAME than females (p<0.05).Conclusion: The gender-age reference norms for static and dynamic abdominal muscles endurance established in this study could be used in rehabilitation to estimate the level of endurance impairment in a patient at intake and also serve as an outcome measure of improvement.

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Gender’s Effect on a School-Based Intervention in the Prepubertal Growth Spurt

Improving Flexibility and Endurance of Elderly Women Through a Six-Month Training Programme

Effects of Elbow Flexor Muscle Resistance Training on Strength, Endurance and Perceived Exertion

The effect of circuit training on physical fitness and archery accuracy in novice athletes

Endurance and Speed Capacity of the Korea Republic Football National Team During the World Cup of 2010

Measurement of Cardiorespiratory Fitness in Children from Two Commonly Used Field Tests After Accounting for Body Fatness and Maturity

Serum Concentrations of S100B are not Affected by Cycling to Exhaustion With or Without Vibration

Nordic Walking Training and Physical Fitness in Elderly Women

Changes in maximal aerobic fitness and students’ attitude towards physical effort during outdoor and indoor school lessons of Physical Education

Questioning the Resistance/Aerobic Training Dichotomy: A Commentary on Physiological Adaptations Determined by Effort Rather than Exercise Modality

The Functional Classification and Field Test Performance in Wheelchair Basketball Players

Comparison of the General Fitness Level in Junior Kayakers with Different Sports Level Running title: Comparison of the fitness level in kayakers

RELATIONSHIPS BETWEEN PHYSICAL CHARACTERISTICS AND RANKING OF YOUNG TENNIS PLAYERS

Normative values of static and dynamic abdominal muscles endurance in apparently healthy Nigerians