The paper presents the dynamic characteristics of a continuous tank bioreactor for microbiological process, with a developed predator-prey food chain. The presence of the predator microorganism considerably influences the position and stability character of steady-states. There appears to exist a wide range of unstable steady-states and high-amplitude oscillations of state variables. Without automatic control, the system can operate only in unsteady conditions. From technological point of view, this circumstance is unfavorable. It was shown that oscillations can be removed by employing automatic control with continuous P or PI controllers. Moreover, the use of a controller with integrating element causes removal of the predator from the bioreactor. The paper discusses an application of this phenomenon for practical purposes.
Structure and dynamics of an undecamer DNA duplex containing a single α-anomeric deoxyadenosine residue placed in opposition to a thymidine unit have been studied using simulation of molecular dynamics in aqueous solution. Despite several noticeable deviations from the B-DNA duplex structure caused by the anomerisation, such as: West type puckering of the α-anomeric sugar, disrupted base stacking pattern and unstable duplex bending, the formation of a non-classical α-dA-T pair was observed. A novel way of visual presentation of trajectory data allowing high throughput screening of the conformational parameters is presented.