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EN
The study was established to analyze the effectiveness of Reactive Black (RB5) and Basic Green (BG4) dyes adsorption onto chitosan beads and onto chitosan beads cross-linked with glutaraldehyde depending on the initial dye concentration in the solution (1, 5, 100 and 200 mg/dm3). It demonstrated that both the initial concentration of dye in the solution as well as the type of adsorbent affected the effectiveness of the adsorption process. An increase in the initial dye concentration in the solution was increasing adsorption effectiveness, irrespective of the type of dye and adsorbent. The cross-linking of chitosan beads with glutaraldehyde turned out to be beneficial only in the case of the RB5 dye.
EN
The present study investigated the sorption of Basic Yellow 28 (BY 28) and Acid Yellow 23 (AY 23) by chitin flakes. The study determined the influence of pH value on adsorption effectiveness and the adsorption capacity of chitin flakes. The results were described with Freundlich, Langmuir, Sips and double Langmuir isotherms. Similar values of adsorption capacities were achieved for both tested dyes using Langmuir, Sips and Langmuir2 models, i.e. 16.804, 17.740 and 18687 mg/g d.m. for BY28 as well as 24.195, 27.930 and 24.196 mg/g d.m. for AY23, respectively. The isotherms were compared with the use of average relative error (ARE) of approximation. In the case of both dyes, the best fit to experimental data was achieved with the use of tri-parametric Sips equilibrium isotherm, which was indicated by ARE values of 3.10% (BY 28) and 5.26% (AY 23).
EN
This study was aimed at determining the possibility of applying non-cross-linked chitosan (CHs) as well as chitosan cross-linked with glutaraldehyde (CHs-GLA) and epichlorohydrin (CHSECH) for the removal of nitrates (V) from aqueous solutions. The scope of the study included determinations of: optimal pH value of nitrates sorption (from pH range of 2-11), equilibrium time of sorption process, and maximum N-NO3 sorption capacity of the analysed chitosan sorbents. Kinetics of nitrates sorption was described with pseudo-first and pseudo-second order equations, and with the intraparticle diffusion model. Sorption capacity analysis was conducted with the heterogeneous Langmuir model, the double Langmuir model and the Freundlich model. The optimal pH value of N-NO3 sorption onto CHs-GLA and CHs-ECH was pH 3, whereas onto CHs this was pH 4. The equilibrium time of sorption reaction was the same for all chitosan sorbents and reached 120 min. The maximum sorption capacity of CHs, CHs-GLA and CHs- ECH accounted for 12.71 mg N-NO3/g, 34.99 mg N-NO3/g and 38.47 mg N-NO3/g.
EN
The study was undertaken to analyze the effect of chitosan cross-linking with glutaraldehyde on the adsorption capacity of chitosan beads during adsorption of Reactive Black (RB5) and Basic Green (BG4) dyes. Analyses were conducted at three pH values: pH 3.0; 5.0 and 9.0. Results obtained were evaluated with the use of four models of adsorption isotherms  Freundlich, Langmuir, Double Langmuir and Redlic-Petreson. The cross-linking of beads with glutaraldehyde turned out to be beneficial for the anionic dye RB5. Compared to the non-cross-linked beads, a comparable adsorption capacity (over 500 mg/g d.m.) was obtained at pH 3.0 and pH 5.0. In the case of the cationic dye, chitosan cross-linking reduced the quantity of adsorbed dye, irrespective of the pH value of the adsorption process.
EN
The review of literature related to the applications of statistic methods of design of experiments in chemical technology and environment protection was presented in the work. The research that consists of two stages: a stage of choosing the best variables describing an experimental object and a stage of proper experimental investigation, seems particularly interesting.An interesting example of an application of statistical strategies in environmental protection is the optimization of photoactivity of TiO2/SiO2 mixture, received by a sol-gel technique. TiO2, due to its specific feature, was applied in the photocatalytic methods of removing toxic compounds from water and air. In the experiments there were used two designs - the fractional factorial design 25-1 (as the elimination one) and the central composite design (as the proper one). Following the data analysis from the elimination plan two variables were eliminated, which helped to simplify the research object.Among other uncommon applications of the design of experiments: the optimization of the conditions for the extraction of natural pigments used in dyeing food, the production of fatty acid methyl esters used as diesel oil substitutes (biodiesel) and the optimization of a supercritical fluid extraction methodology for the analysis of castor oil, should be mentioned.
EN
We present the description of the synthesis and characteristics of the SnO2 and ZnO modified by novel tetrathiafulvalene (TTF) derivative. The analysis of the gas sensor properties showed the possibility of light photoactivation of modified semiconductor gas sensor due to the electron transfer from LUMO of TTF molecule to the conduction band of semiconductor matrix.
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