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Distillation profiles in ternary heterogeneous mixtures with distillation boundaries: staged columns

100%
Królikowski A.
Chemical and Process Engineering
|
2012
|
vol. 33
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issue 2
207-219
EN
Distillation boundaries originate from saddle azeotropes, dividing the composition space into distillation regions. In heterogeneous mixtures distilled in packed columns, distillation regions overlap. The common area of distillation regions is parametrically sensitive, and it determines the possibilities of crossing (at a finite reflux) the distillation boundaries defined for a total reflux or reboil ratio. This work is an extended research of the paper (Królikowski et al., 2011) conducted to scrutinize whether the distillation regions overlapped in heteroazeotropic systems distilled in staged columns. Presented studies were performed by finding such composition points of the products, for which the rectifying profiles of staged columns were ended in different distillation regions. Calculations were executed for the heterogeneous mixture classified under Serafimov's topological class as 3.1-2: ethanol - benzene - water. Distillation regions for staged columns were found to overlap each other in the heterogeneous systems. As a result, their common part was parametrically sensitive.
2
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Pervaporation applied for dewatering of reaction mixture during esterification

86%
Krasiński A., Wierzba P., Grudzień A., Hajmowicz H., Zawada K., Synoradzki L.
Chemical and Process Engineering
|
2016
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vol. 37
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issue 1
3
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FROM HARVESTING TO DISTILLATION – EFFECT OF ANALYTICAL PROCEDURES ON THE YIELD AND CHEMICAL COMPOSITION OF RHODODENDRON TOMENTOSUM (LEDUM PALUSTRE) ESSENTIAL OIL

86%
Łuczkiewicz M., Jesionek A., Zabiegala B., Bucinski A.
Acta Poloniae Pharmaceutica - Drug Research
|
2019
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vol. 76
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issue 1
83-92
EN
Abstract: Rhododendron tomentosum possesses the anti-inflammatory, analgesic and antimicrobial properties, determined by the chemical composition of its essential oil. The effects of place (Miszewko, Lubichowo) and time of harvesting (June, November) as well as drying (air-drying, oven-drying, freeze-drying) and isolation (in Deryng, Clevenger and Likens-Nickerson apparatus) procedures on the yield and quality of R. tomentosum essential oil were studied. Ledol (8.1-14.4%), palustrol (6.9-13.0%) and γ-terpineol (8.5-9.1%) predominated in the plants collected from Miszewko, while γ-terpineol (11.8-22.2%), p-cymene (5.3-12.6%) and geranyl acetate (5.7-7.5%) prevailed in the biomass from Lubichowo. The shoots produced more volatiles in the flowering phase than in the end of the vegetation. Oven-drying at 30ºC with controlled air flow was suggested as the quick dehydration method. Hydrodistillation in Deryng and Clevenger apparatus resulted in comparatively high essential oil yield (about 1%). All studied drying and distillation methods did not influence significantly the general profile of R. tomentosum essential oil.
4
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Distillation profiles in ternary heterogeneous mixtures with distillation boundaries: staged columns

86%
Królikowski A.
Chemical and Process Engineering
|
2012
|
issue 2
5
Content available remote

Distillation Cleanup Preceded GC Determination of Short-Chain Monocarboxylic Acids in Aqueous and Solid Samples of Wastewater Origin

72%
Banel A., Jakimska A., Wasielewska M., Zygmunt B.
Ecological Chemistry and Engineering S
|
2012
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vol. 19
|
issue 3
423-431
EN
Short-chain monocarboxylic acids (SCMAs) (C2-C5) formed in the process of aerobic biodegradation of larger organic molecules should often be monitored to optimize wastewater biological treatment and study the processes of converting organic waste matter into methane, etc. Gas chromatography (GC) seems a method of choice for such a task. Majority of samples require clean up before they can be injected into GC system. In this work a special refluxing apparatus is applied to concentrate and clean up the troublesome environment samples before injection into GC. To optimize separation of SCMAs in aqueous sample a special arrangement of two capillary columns, of very different polarity was used. The operational parameters of sample preparation were optimized and enrichment factors determined. The procedure developed was applied to determine SCMAs in troublesome aqueous and solid samples of wastewater treatment origin.
PL
Krótkołańcuchowe kwasy monokarboksylowe (KKM) (C2-C5), powstające w procesie biodegradacji tlenowej większych cząsteczek organicznych, powinny często być monitorowane w celu optymalizacji biologicznego oczyszczania ścieków i zbadania procesów przekształcania odpadowej materii organicznej na metan itp. W przypadku oznaczania KKM w różnego rodzaju próbkach środowiskowych chromatografia gazowa (GC) wydaje się być metodą stosowaną z wyboru. Większość próbek wymaga oczyszczania przed ich wprowadzeniem do systemu chromatograficznego. W niniejszej pracy zastosowano specjalne urządzenie pozwalające na wzbogacenie i oczyszczenie kłopotliwych próbek środowiskowych przed analizą chromatograficzną. W celu optymalizacji rozdzielenia KKM w wodnym roztworze zastosowano specjalny układ dwóch kolumn kapilarnych o bardzo różnej polarności. Etap przygotowania próbki oraz parametry wzbogacania zostały zoptymalizowane. Opracowaną procedurę zastosowano do oznaczania KKM w próbkach wodnych o złożonej matrycy oraz stałych pochodzących z oczyszczalni ścieków.
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