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EN
Purpose. The purpose of the study was to examine game efficiency of elite wheelchair rugby players in consideration of International Wheelchair Rugby Federation (IWRF) classification during the 2008 Paralympic Games played according to the old wheelchair rugby rules.Basic procedures. A group of 77 athletes representing 8 national teams participated in the study. Each team played 5 games for 32 min each. Athletes who played for more than 8 min in total at the 2008 Paralympics qualified for the study. The seven IWRF player point classes were collapsed into four groups. The game efficiency analysis was based on the IWRF Statistical Reports. The following six game efficiency parameters were analyzed: played time (T), sum of all points scored (PT), assist passes (AS), assist blocks (AB), turnovers (TO) and steals (ST).Main findings. The major finding of the study was that most differences in PT, AS, AB, TO and ST were found among all the examined groups (I-IV), except groups I and II. The played time (T) was not sensitive enough to identify significant differences among all the groups. This indicates that played time in the context of substitutions limited by classification point requirements does not reflect the differences between player classes.Conclusions. Generally, there was a tendency for highpoint class players to perform better. The study findings point to the importance of analysis of game efficiency of elite wheelchair rugby players with regard to their IWRF classification during tournaments played according to the new wheelchair rugby rules.
EN
Introduction The purpose of this pilot study was to determine match performance in AS considering playing positions, two halves, and playing time. Material and methods Twelve amputee soccer players were monitored for two days during the tournament of Polish Extra Ligue. The match performance data and heart rate (HR) response were collected from 4 matches (lasted 2x20 min) by Polar Team Pro. Gathered data included HR parameters, time in HRmax zones, speed, covered distance, and speed zones. Differences between two halves, 6-10 min vs. above 10 min playing time, and playing positions were assessed. Results There were not statistically differences between two halves in HR response, percentage of time in HRmax zones, speed, distance, and percentage of time in speed zones (except III HRmax zone). Significantly higher heart rate reserve and HRmax values, and total cover distance were observed in the longer playing time. Goalkeepers had significantly lower results than other players. Midfielders and defenders were similar in terms of HR response and percentage of time spent in HRmax zones. Strikers spent significantly more percentage of time in high-intensity running zone than other players. Conclusions These results brought a new knowledge to amputee soccer coaches and players about significant differences in match load relating to playing position as well as playing time. This knowledge can be beneficial in planning amputee soccer training as well as preparing special physical fitness tests corresponding to real effort during a game.
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The specificity of injuries in Paralympics sport

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EN
Introduction: The modern Paralympics Movement covers people with physical impairments, cerebral palsy, blind, visual impaired and people with intellectual disabilities with borderline intellectual functioning. Sports injuries are some of the risk of Paralympics sport. Injuries are integral part of sport for persons with and without disabilities. The role of experts is to eliminate all the risk associated with injuries in sport. The aim of this study was to characterize the injuries occurring in Paralympics sport. Material and methods: The polish and foreign literature were reviewed in terms of sports injuries in different Paralympics sport disciplines. Results: The review of literature shows that the prevalence of injuries in almost all Paralympics disciplines is very common. The results confirm that the Paralympics athletes similarly as Olympics athletes are exposed to sports injuries, but in the majority of sports injuries are not associated with long-term convalescence. In the Paralympics sport dominate minor injuries, which consequence is a break in training, not exceeding 7 days. The studies prove the trend of reducing the number of injuries in the wheelchair disciplines, which is probably related to a change in the rules of the game and technological progress. Conclusions: A critical view of problems of injuries in sport for persons with disabilities confirms the absence of implementation new testing methods. Most of the research have been carried out in 90s, and only few studies from the last decade generally confirm previous reports. It is also necessary to make clear the methods of prevention and to determine the mechanisms of sports injuries.
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