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EN
The aim of this study was to trial several attacking offensive sequences as representative for further use in research on the perceptual-cognitive skills of water polo players. Elite water polo coaches were presented with separate test film sequences encompassing 80 structured water polo offensive plays. Each clip was approximately 6 s–7 s long with an inter-clip interval of 5 s–10 s, where a red dot was displayed on-screen at the start of the clip to indicate the area of first appearance of the ball. The order of presentation of the video clips was counterbalanced and randomly determined. The criteria were scored on a 5-point Likert-type scale. From the 80 clips presented, only 56 showed high agreement (W = 1; p < 0.05) and internal consistence reliability between the expert observers (α = 0.980; p < 0.05). Furthermore, a very high reproducibility (Z = 0; p = 1) was obtained between viewing sessions. The results obtained determine that 56 offensive scenarios were representative of the water polo game and as such may be useful in evaluating the perceptual-cognitive skills of the players.
EN
The study aims to compare the decision-making processes of individuals with and without the Covid-19 vaccine under uncertainty. The study included 70 participants vaccinated against Covid-19 and 70 not-vaccinated against Covid-19, matched by age, gender, and education level. Sociodemographic Data Form, Beck Depression Inventory (BDI), Beck Anxiety Inventory (BAI), Barratt Impulsivity Scale Short Form (BIS-11-SF), The Scale of Vaccine Hesitancy (SVH), and Iowa Gambling Task (IGT) were administered to the participants. A statistically significant difference was found between the vaccinated and non-vaccinated groups regarding SVH sub-dimensions and the total score (p<0.001). A statistically significant difference was observed between the groups in the IGT-5 sub- dimension (p <0.05). Although there was no statistically significant difference in IGT-total and other sub-dimensions, it was recognized that not-vaccinated participants made more choices for risky decks. A statistically significant negative correlation was found between IGT-5 and the benefit and protective value of the vaccine, solutions for non-vaccination, and SVH-total score. Besides, there was a statistically significant negative correlation between the IGT-Total score and the sub-dimension of solutions for non-vaccination. The non-vaccinated group made more choices from the disadvantageous and risky decks in the long run during the decision-making task under uncertainty; they were prone to take more risks. That is why the impact of implicit and emotional processes should be considered in the risk assessment against vaccine hesitancy.
EN
This study examined the effectiveness of implicit and explicit learning methods on the acquisition and retention of the decision-making skill in low and high complexity situations. 60 novice students were divided into explicit, implicit, and control group. Experimental groups followed 12 training courses. A pre-test, a post-test, and a retention test were used to evaluate the effectiveness of the instructional methods. All participants were evaluated in decision-making speed and accuracy in laboratory tests under simulated conditions. A three-way factorial ANOVA was conducted (3 Group X 2 Complexity X 3 Measurement periods) with repeated measurements on the last factor for the accuracy and reaction time. The analysis showed a significant improvement in decision-making accuracy, in low complexity for both experimental groups. In high complexity situations, the explicit method improved over time and was better than the implicit for decision accuracy. No differences were found among groups or measurements for the decision speed in either low or high complexity situations. It seems that in complex sport conditions, the use of explicit learning helps novices to develop decision-making accuracy more than the implicit learning method, since guided discovery may guide the participants to process contextual information from the sports environment more effectively.
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