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issue 1
127-132
EN
Infectious urolithiasis is a result of recurrent and chronic urinary tract infections caused by urease-positive bacteria, especially Proteus mirabilis. The main role in the development of this kind of stones is played by bacterial factors such as urease and extracellular polysaccharides, but urinary tract environment also contributes to this process. We used an in vitro model to establish how the changes in the basic minerals concentrations affect the intensity of crystallization which occurs in urine. In each experiment crystallization was induced by an addition of P. mirabilis to artificial urine with a precisely defined chemical composition. Crystallization intensity was determined using the spectrophotometric microdilution method and the chemical composition of formed crystals was established by atomic absorption spectroscopy and colorimetric methods. Increasing the concentration of all crystals forming ions such as Mg2+, Ca2+ and phosphate strongly intensified the process of crystallization, whereas reducing the amount of these components below the proper physiological concentration did not affect its intensity. The inhibitory influence of citrate on calcium and magnesium phosphate crystallization and competitive actions of calcium and oxalate ions on struvite crystals formation were not confirmed. In the case of infectious stones the chemical composition of urine plays an important role, which creates a necessity to support the treatment by developing a model of proper diet.
Nukleonika
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2015
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vol. 60
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issue 1
133-136
EN
60P2O5-40Fe2O3 glass was synthesized and 57Fe Mössbauer spectroscopy study was presented. The main goal of the research was to investigate structural changes of local environment of iron ions during gradual crystallization of the glass. It was observed that some changes were evidenced at temperature of heat treatment higher than 400°C, above which content of tetrahedrally coordinated Fe3+ was increased in cost of octahedral sites. This led to formation of areas of nucleation of α-FePO4. Crystallization of α-Fe3(P2O7)2 and Fe2P2O7 was also observed.
EN
Recently, relevant advances on graphene as a building block of integrated circuits (ICs) have been demonstrated. Graphene growth and device fabrication related processing has been steadily and intensively powered due to commercial interest; however, there are many challenges associated with the incorporation of graphene into commercial applications which includes challenges associated with the synthesis of this material. Specifically, the controlled deposition of single layer large single crystal graphene on arbitrary supports, is particularly challenging. Previously, we have reported the first demonstration of the transformation of focused ion beam induced deposition of carbon (FIBID-C) into patterned graphitic layers by metal-assisted thermal treatment (Ni foils). In this present work, we continue exploiting the FIBID-C approach as a route for graphene deposition. Here, thin patterned Fe layers are used for the catalysis of graphenization and graphitization. We demonstrate the formation of high quality single and few layer graphene, which evidences, the possibility of using Fe as a catalyst for graphene deposition. The mechanism is understood as the minute precipitation of atomic carbon after supersaturation of some iron carbides formed under a high temperature treatment. As a consequence of the complete wetting of FIBID-C and patterned Fe layers, which enable graphene growth, the as-deposited patterns do not preserve their original shape after the thermal treatment
EN
Glass-forming ability (GFA) and thermal stability of Fe62Nb8B30, Fe62Nb6Zr2B30 and Fe72Zr8B20 at % amorphous alloys were investigated by calorimetric (DSC and DTA) measurements. The crystallization kinetics was studied by DSC in the mode of continuous versus linear heating and it was found that both the glass transition temperature, Tg, and the crystallization peak temperature, Tp, display strong dependence on the heating rate. The partial replacement of Nb by Zr leads to lower Tg and Tx temperatures and causes a decrease of the supercooled liquid region. JMA analysis of isothermal transformation data measured between Tg and Tx suggests that the crystallization of the Fe62Nb8B30 and Fe62Nb6Zr2B30 amorphous alloys take place by three-dimensional growth with constant nucleation rate. Nb enhances the precipitation of the metastable Fe23B6 phase and stabilizes it up to the third crystallization stage. Zr addition increases the lattice constant of Fe23B6 and, at the same time, decreases the grain size.
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