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EN
Introduction. A contrast-enhanced CT examination can have negative health implications. It can spark both allergic and other adverse reactions. Aim. The study aimed at analyzing the incidence of acute allergic reactions to Ultravist 370, used as a contrast medium in a CT examination. Material and methods. The analysis of medical records that comprised 12295 patients who had undergone a CT examination. Women accounted for 50.7% of the study participants. Mean age of the patients was 62 years (min. 15; max. 92, SD=10.123). In the study, 6219 patients were examined without using a contrast medium and 6076 individuals underwent a contrast-enhanced CT examination. In the further analysis, Group 1 comprised of 15 patients from the contrastenhanced CT examination group who confirmed being allergic to a contrast medium after the CT examination and Group 2 comprised 49 persons who had reported being allergic to iodine before the CT examination. Results. 15 patients (8 women and 7 men) developed an allergy to Ultravist 370 (contrast medium). An acute allergic reaction was most likely to happen in two groups of patients: between 31-40 and 51-60 years. Some 12 out of 15 patients had no contraindications for taking an iodine-based contrast medium. The most frequent allergic reactions to Ultravist 370 were rash and urticaria (15 patients). Five patients out of those who experienced adverse reactions reported two symptoms of allergy each while other patients reported one symptom only. Patients with mild symptoms of acute reaction to a contrast medium (15 patients) received pharmacotherapy recommended by a radiologist. Some 13 individuals received Solu-Medrol intravenously and 2 patients received Solu-Medrol intravenously and Fenicort intramuscularly. Conclusions. 1. Using Ultravist 370 in patients is safe, since there is very low risk of adverse side effects caused by the application of this contrast medium. 2. In the present study, age, gender, and risk factors contributed to the development of acute allergic reactions. However, due to the small size of the study group, it is obvious that issues like the incidence of symptoms of discomfort or intolerance of the drug need further research. 3. Owing to the fact that essential biochemical tests had not been performed on a large group of patients, doctors referring patients to a CT examination should take care of their own safety by properly preparing themselves for this procedure. 4. It seems essential to develop and implement regular trainings for CT laboratory staff with reference to the following issues: the incidence and nature of acute adverse reactions to non-ionic contrast medium (Ultravist 370), as well as the procedures for dealing with side effects
EN
Coronary angiography is an invasive procedure and may lead to complications. The most common of them are: myocardial infarction, embolism (e.g. cerebral embolism), dysrhythmia and acute circulatory insufficiency. Damage to the artery and subsequent major bleeding or thrombosis, vasovagal reaction and allergic reactions may also occur. Neurological deficits caused by contrast medium neurotoxicity are very rare complications of percutaneous coronary interventions. Contrast medium infiltrates blood-brain barrier and produces transient disturbances of neural membranes function. The neurotoxicity depends on its ionic properties, osmolality and solubility. Contrast medium neurotoxicity usually concerns occipital lobes and transient cortical blindness is its most common clinical manifestation. Transient pyramidal deficits due to contrast medium neurotoxicity are very rarely observed. The authors present a case of 70-yearold woman who developed left-sided hemiparesis and conjugate deviation of the eyes to the right after coronary angiography with subsequent right coronary artery angioplasty and stenting. Computed tomography (CT) of the brain performed just after occurrence of the neurological deficit revealed hyperintensive areas in sulci of the cerebral convexities and in the right frontal lobe. Control brain CT done after 24 hours did not show hyperintensive areas mentioned above. All symptoms of neurological deficit withdrew during 72 hours. Neurotoxicity of contrast medium seems to be responsible for occurrence of neurological deficit symptoms in a presented case.
PL
Koronarografia jest badaniem inwazyjnym i niesie ze sobą ryzyko wystąpienia powikłań. Najczęstszymi z nich są: zawały serca, incydenty zatorowe (w tym zatory tętnic mózgowych), zaburzenia rytmu serca i ostra niewydolność krążenia. Zdarzają się także uszkodzenia tętnicy i miejscowe krwawienia, reakcje naczyniowo-błędne i odczyny alergiczne. Deficyty neurologiczne spowodowane neurotoksycznym działaniem środka kontrastowego są bardzo rzadkim powikłaniem przezskórnych interwencji wieńcowych. Kontrast przenika przez barierę krew-mózg i powoduje przejściowe zaburzenia funkcji błon neuronalnych. Neurotoksyczne działanie środka kontrastowego zależy od jego właściwości jonowych, osmolalności i rozpuszczalności. Neurotoksyczność kontrastu dotyczy zazwyczaj płatów potylicznych, a jej najczęstszą manifestacją kliniczną jest przemijająca ślepota korowa. Przejściowe deficyty piramidowe wywołane działaniem środka kontrastowego są bardzo rzadko obserwowane. Autorzy przedstawiają przypadek 70-letniej kobiety, u której po zabiegu koronarografii oraz angioplastyki i stentowania prawej tętnicy wieńcowej wystąpił deficyt neurologiczny pod postacią niedowładu połowiczego lewostronnego oraz przymusowego skierowania gałek ocznych w stronę prawą. Wykonana bezpośrednio po wystąpieniu objawów klinicznych tomografia komputerowa (TK) mózgu ujawniła obecność hiperintensywnych ognisk w bruzdach mózgowych na sklepistości półkul mózgu oraz w prawym płacie czołowym. Kontrolna TK wykonana po upływie 24 godzin nie uwidoczniła wspomnianych ognisk. Objawy neurologiczne całkowicie wycofały się w ciągu 72 godzin od zachorowania. Wydaje się, iż działanie neurotoksyczne środka kontrastowego jest odpowiedzialne za objawy deficytu neurologicznego, które wystąpiły w prezentowanym przypadku.
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