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EN
Here we present a case of a 49-year old male patient who was hospitalized at our Clinic from 2 to 16 December 2008 due to recurrent massive gastrointestinal bleeding. It was a patient with a history of recurrent pancreatitis. He had a history of surgical treatment for postinflamamtory pancreatic cyst (Jurasz cystogastrostomy). From 28.01.2007 to 16.12.2008 he was hospitalized five times. During the last hospitalization he received a total of 12 units of packed red blood cells. Neither gastroscopy nor colonoscopy did demonstrate the site of bleeding. AngioCT of the abdominal cavity demonstrated clearly enlarged spleen and a well delineated region, 30×35 mm, reaching spleen hilum, filled with dense fluid suggesting a vascular fistula, in the projection of the body and tail of the pancreas. The patient was qualified for laparotomy. Intraoperatively, bleeding from the splenic artery into the pancreatic pseudocyst with coexisting microperforation to the transverse colon was detected. The pancreatic cyst was opened and drained, the bleeding blood vessel as well as the splenic artery were underpinned. Splenectomy was performed and wall of the transverse colon was repaired. The patient underwent reoperation due to adhesion related small bowel obstruction on day 30 after the procedure. Currently the patient is in good general condition, without complaints, undergoes periodic follow up in the outpatient setting.
EN
Introduction: The aim of this study was to evaluate whether Anterior Communicating Artery (AComA) complex rotation in axial plane may influence the ease of surgical exploration in this region and safety of clip positioning when left vs right-sided approach is compared. Materials and methods: This is a retrospective study based on analysis of patients operated due to AComA aneurysm, both ruptured and unruptured. AComA complex position in relation to coronal plane was evaluated using 3D-CTA VR reconstructions. Next, comparison between surgical approach from the side where A1-A2 junction (angle) was located anterior and posterior to coronal plane was performed in relation to surgical difficulties and intra- and postoperative complications. Results: Subgroup statistical analysis revealed that there is a strong and statistically significant correlation between AComA complex rotation and surgical difficulties expressed by the need of repeated temporary clip application and brain transgression. When anterior vs posterior angle side approach was compared in relation to surgical difficulties and complications, there was a statistically significant difference with strong correlation (p < 0.05) in favour of posterior angle side approach. Interestingly, in 72.7% and 45.5% of patients that were operated from the side where A1-A2 junction was located posterior to coronal plane, the approach was performed form the side of a non-dominant A1 and aneurysm dome projection side, respectively. Conclusions: Despite its limitations, our results suggest that microsurgical clipping strategy of AComA aneurysms should at least include AComA complex rotation in axial plane, besides well acknowledged factors, when deciding from which side these lesions will be approached.
EN
Background: The middle cerebral artery (MCA) supplies a major part of the brain and is of considerable clinical importance as a common location of intracranial aneurysms. The aim of the present study was to analyze the bilateral MCAs in patients with unilateral aneurysms. Material and methods: Images of computed tomography angiography of 45 patients were analyzed. The morphometric parameters of MCA were measured. The measured parameters of the normal MCAs were compared with MCAs containing aneurysms located in the main trunk division. Results: No significant differences in the length of trunk and angles between the middle and anterior cerebral arteries were found between the non-affected and aneurysmatic MCAs. Concerning arteries with aneurysms, more branches originating from the main trunk division were found more frequently. The coexistence of the more frequent trifurcation of the MCA and an aneurysm constitutes evidence of greater anatomical variability of this arterial area in cases with a concomitant vascular malformation. Conclusions: This finding is consistent with literature data, showing the relationship between aneurysms and arterial variability and the fact that aneurysms are most often located at arterial divisions.
EN
Dissection of the extracranial carotid and vertebral arteries is responsible for 2–3% of all strokes and for 20% of ischaemic events in the population of young people under the age of 45. Vertebral artery dissection is a very rare yet serious condition. The annual overall incidence of vertebral artery dissection is estimated at 1 to 1.5 per 100 000 persons. Its clinical manifestation is very nonspecific and diverse. The most typical clinical sign is sudden unilateral headache accompanied by neck pain. Other symptoms include systemic and non-systemic headaches as well as infarction or transient ischaemic attack in posterior circulation territorial area inn case where the intracranial vertebral artery dissection is associated with subarachnoid haemorrhage. The aetiology of dissection remains unclear and connected with multiple risk factors. Vertebral artery dissection can be caused by blunt force trauma of the head or neck or it can be spontaneous. The aetiology of spontaneous vertebral artery dissection includes vascular and genetic factors as well as structural defects of the arterial wall associated with connective tissue disorders. The diagnosis of vertebral artery dissection has to be established based on anamnesis, clinical features and imaging examination. Catheter cerebral angiography is the gold standard of diagnosis of arterial dissection, but also computed tomography angiography has been proven to have a very high sensitivity and specificity. In most cases extracranial vertebral artery dissection carries a good prognosis. The treatment of vertebral artery dissection is conservative and includes the use of anticoagulation and antiplatelet drugs. Surgical or endovascular treatment can be applied only for selected and small group of patients. Authors emphasize that clinical features can be very unspecific and vertebral dissection may be misdiagnosed especially in the first hours following the manifestation of symptoms. Vertebral artery dissection should be taken into consideration in the diagnosis of stroke in young persons despite unspecified symptoms and without traumatic history.
PL
Rozwarstwienie tętnic dogłowowych w odcinku zewnątrzczaszkowym odpowiada za 2–3% wszystkich udarów niedokrwiennych i 20% incydentów niedokrwiennych w populacji osób poniżej 45. roku życia. Rozwarstwienie tętnicy kręgowej występuje stosunkowo rzadko, z roczną częstością 1–1,5 na 100 tys. osób, ale wiąże się z poważnymi konsekwencjami. Obraz kliniczny jest bardzo niespecyficzny i zróżnicowany. Najczęstszy objaw to nagły, jednostronny ból głowy, któremu może towarzyszyć ból szyi. Wymienia się także zawroty głowy o charakterze układowym i nieukładowym oraz objawy wynikające z udaru bądź przejściowego niedokrwienia w tylnym obszarze unaczynienia mózgu, gdy rozwarstwienie dotyczy odcinka zewnątrzczaszkowego naczynia, lub krwotoku podpajęczynówkowego – w przypadku rozwarstwienia wewnątrzczaszkowego odcinka tętnicy kręgowej. Etiologia rozwarstwienia jest różnoraka, związana z wieloma czynnikami. Wyodrębnia się rozwarstwienie urazowe, spowodowane najczęściej tępym urazem głowy i/lub szyi, oraz rozwarstwienia spontaniczne (samoistne). W przypadku rozwarstwienia samoistnego bierze się pod uwagę czynniki naczyniowe i genetyczne oraz zaburzenia w budowie ściany naczynia związane z chorobami tkanki łącznej. W przypadku podejrzenia rozwarstwienia tętnicy kręgowej rozpoznanie ustala się na podstawie wywiadu, objawów klinicznych i badań obrazowych. Złotym standardem diagnostycznym pozostaje klasyczna angiografia naczyń dogłowowych, a wśród badań nieinwazyjnych angiografia tomografii komputerowej wykazuje 100-procentową swoistość i czułość. W większości przypadków rozwarstwienie tętnicy kręgowej w odcinku zewnątrzczaszkowym wiąże się z dobrym rokowaniem. Leczenie ma charakter zachowawczy i obejmuje terapię lekami przeciwzakrzepowymi lub przeciwpłytkowymi. Leczenie chirurgiczne i wewnątrznaczyniowe stosuje się w określonych grupach pacjentów. Co ważne, nietypowe objawy kliniczne w początkowym okresie rozwarstwienia naczynia utrudniają diagnozę. Rozwarstwienie tętnicy kręgowej powinno być brane pod uwagę w przypadku udaru mózgu u osoby młodej, mimo niecharakterystycznych objawów i braku urazowego wywiadu.
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