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1

The Differences Between Medalists and Non-Medalists at the 2008 Olympic Games Taekwondo Tournament

100%

Cular D., Krstulovic S., janovic M.

Human Movement

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2011

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vol. 12

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issue 2

165-170

EN

Purpose. To establish the differences in some morphological characteristics and competitive efficacy parameters between the medal winners and other competitors in male and female competitions at the Olympic taekwondo tournament in China 2008. Basic procedures. Athlete profiles were obtained from the "Official Olympic site" which included weight category, weight, height, age, given points, received points, warnings, deduction points, defensive/offensive kicks, and punches. A total of 128 athletes competed (64 males and 64 females) in the Games. Main findings. In males ANOVA found significant differences in both the sub patterns between the medal winners and other competitors in: the average number of given points per fight, average number of points received per fight, and average number of given defensive kicks to the trunk. Among females, significant differences were found in all the previously specified variables together with the average number of given offensive points to the trunk, average number of given offensive points to the head, and average number of warnings per fight. Conclusions. The differences between male medalists and non-medalists were observed in the DK1P (average number of defensive kicks to the trunk) variable, whereas in the female competitors the largest differences were in the average number of offensive points to the trunk and head (OK1P and OK2P). The medal winners achieved better results in those variables when compared with non-winners in both male and female categories. In comparison to the last two Olympic games, certain changes in the trend in how points are given among the male and female competitors are evidenced. When compared with the 2000 and 2004 Olympic games, the Beijing games were dominated by defensive kicks among the male competitors, whereas in female athletes, greater homogeneity and changes in the style of fighting were observed.

2

Towards a General Theory of Fighting Arts

88%

Cynarski W.

Physical Activity Review

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2017

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vol. 5

83-90

EN

Introduction: The fighting arts are an interesting area for researchers from many scientific disciplines around the world. Scientific investigations need to choose appropriate theory, language and methods. The first theory that gives us a special language is the Humanistic Theory of Martial Arts, HTMA. The second is the Anthropology of Martial Arts, AMA. The problem considered in this study is how we should study the martial arts & combat sports & systems, or ‘combatives’; what theoretical framework should we use. It is the author’s proposal for a scientific perspective which should be useful; an elaboration the Humanistic Theory of Martial Arts (HTMA) and definitions, the General Theory of Fighting Arts (GTFA), and the Anthropology of Martial Arts. Methodology: Participant observation, and qualitative content analysis of the literature were used. Methodology of research (in the area of the fighting arts) was also analyzed. Results and Discussion: General Theory of Fighting Arts – GTFA. In the GTFA we can study and explain a broad area of fighting arts and the related problems. These are: 1. Cultural areas of martial arts & combat sports & combat systems (according to AMA and HTMA); 2. Teaching concepts (technical and tactical issues), combat strategy (for self-defence and in combat sports), aspects of real fighting – interdisciplinary; 3. Bio-technical issues – from the perspective of sports sciences. The Research methodology for traditional East Asian martial arts requires its own practice and a high level of sophistication – at best, in more than one martial art. It is a qualitative method of participant observation associated with the experience of metaphysical dimensions. This special method is the ‘shugyo’ (Jap. shūgyō) – psychophysical study and experience from practicing psycho-physical systems. Michael Maliszewski was one of first researchers using this method. Conclusion: The GTFA is the sum of HTMA (humanistic, social and cultural issues), AMA (philosophical, cultural and biological approaches), and a part of Sport Sciences, for coaching, bio-technical and bio-medical issues, the methodology of teaching, etc. The GTFA now created should give us the opportunity to research and explain complicated problems of fighting arts, according to this new, holistic paradigm.

3

The Influence of Body Weight on Chosen Physiological Parameters in Wrestling

88%

Karninčić H., Krstulović S., Baić M.

Journal of Human Kinetics

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2013

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vol. 37

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issue 1

119-127

EN

In this study, the authors attempted to determine whether the dynamics of blood lactate and glucose in wrestling depend on the weight class. Blood lactate and glucose curves during and after a wrestling match were determined. We also explained the dynamics of blood lactate and glucose in the context of recent glucose and lactate metabolism research. A sample of 60 youth wrestlers (15-20 years) were divided into three weight groups. Each athlete participated in one wrestling match. During the fight, the athletes' heart rate, glucose, and blood lactate were measured. The differences in body mass between the athletes did not affect the dynamics of lactate and glucose in wrestling competition (Fisher LSD test). We established that lactate and glucose dynamics are the same for all weight groups (Fisher LSD-Lactate 1 < 2 < 3 = 4 > 5, Fisher LSD-Glucose 1 = 2 < 3 < 4 < 5). Understanding lactate and glucose metabolism in wrestling is important for wrestling coaches because they need to evaluate a wrestler's anaerobic energy status.

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1 Krstulovic S.

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The Differences Between Medalists and Non-Medalists at the 2008 Olympic Games Taekwondo Tournament

Towards a General Theory of Fighting Arts

The Influence of Body Weight on Chosen Physiological Parameters in Wrestling