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OncoReview
|
2020
|
vol. 10
|
issue 2
52-56
EN
Chronic lymphocytic leukemia is the most commonly recognized type of leukemia in adults. The appearance of systemic symptoms such as weight loss, fever, or local symptoms in the form of rapidly growing organomegaly, lymphadenopathy in a patient with CLL raises the suspicion of transformation into a high-grade lymphoma – defined as Richter syndrome which is usually associated with very poor prognosis. The described case concerns a 71-year-old patient with this diagnosis, in whom due to the confirmed resistance to subsequent lines of immuno- and chemotherapy, an „emergency” treatment with a modern chemotherapy drug from the aza-anthracendion group – pixantrone was used. Treatment with pixantrone was associated with a relatively good response, translating into partial remission (also in the area of infiltrative changes in the head and neck structures), stabilization of the course of the disease and, consequently, allowed to extend the patient’s life.
EN
The BIRC6 gene encodes the Bruce (Apollon) protein. This belongs to the III class of Inhibitors of the Apoptosis Protein (IAP) and demonstrates anti-apoptotic activity (binding, inhibiting and degrading the caspases). Moreover, the Bruce protein shows multilevel activities and additional functions. The Bruce protein is involved in the maintenance of cell viability, and it is also suggested that it plays an important role in cell proliferation and diversification. Many researchers have noticed elevated BIRC6 gene expression in cell lines of brain cancer and ovarian carcinoma, leukemia, breast cancer and even in colorectal cancer tissues. Resistance to chemotherapy-inducted apoptosis in cancers characterized by BIRC6 gene over-expression was also reported. The aim of the study was to assess the BIRC6 gene expression in peripheral blood lymphocytes of patients diagnosed with chronic lymphocytic leukemia.
EN
In the last decades, substantial strides have been made in the diagnosis, treatment, and prevention of blood diseases. The new drugs to be used in combination with cytostatic therapy have been developed, based on increased understanding of the biology of neoplasia. The diagnosis of several diseases is based exclusively on cytogenetic and molecular analysis which has become a part of routine diagnostic management. Moreover, molecular definition has allowed the introduction of therapy targeted at molecular change characteristic for a given disease. The introduction of novel agents for the treatment of hematological disorders has resulted in a great improvement in response rate and median survival. The aim of this study is to show advances and possible future directions in the treatment of chosen hematological malignancies during the recent decades.
EN
Introduction: Cysteine proteases are enzymes that regulate numerous physiological and pathological processes in the human body. Disorders of their activity can lead to a number of diseases. They play an important role in the process of carcinogenesis, participating in the invasion, transformation, angiogenesis, apoptosis and metastasis. The aim of this study was to elaborate the electrophoretic method of cysteine proteinases identification in the sera of patients suffering from chronic lymphocytic leukemia based on biotinylated iodoacetamide. Material and methods: Preliminary studies were carried out on the commercially available papain (EC 3.4.22.2) well known and widely used plant cysteine protease with a molecular weight 23,4 kDa. The study was conducted on the blood samples taken from patients with chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) and control sera from healthy donors. The sera after the preincubation with iodoacetamide were mixed with the sample buffer followed by electrophoresis on polyacrylamide gel containing sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS–PAGE). The separated proteins were electrophoretically transferred to the nitrocellulose membranes and subjected to the further analysis using streptavidin conjugated with horseradish peroxidase (HRP). The use of substrate for HRP 3,3’- diaminobenzidine tetrachloride (DAB) allows the biotinylated iodoacetamide and thereby cysteine proteinase identification. Results: The comparative analysis of the sera from the patients with chronic lymphocytic leukemia and the control sera led to the identification of additional protein with a cysteine protease characteristic having a molecular weight of about 37 kDa, which did not occur or was present in a smaller amount of the control sera. Conclusions: The developed method allows the detection of cysteine proteases which are present in the control sera and the sera of patients with chronic lymphocytic leukemia.
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