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1
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PHYSICOCHEMICAL PROPERTIES OF CHITIN ISOLATED FROM SHELL OF INDUSTRIAL CRABS OF VARIOUS SPECIES

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Sorokoumov I., Zagorskiy I., Zagorskaya D., Uryash V., Kokurina N., Larina V., Nemtsev S.
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vol. 15
5 - 10
EN
Differential thermal analysis was carried out over the range of –190 ÷ 400 °С on six samples of chitin from shells of industrial crabs of various species. All samples of the chitin have several relaxation transitions of endothermal character (g1-, g2-, β- and γ-).
2
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STUDY OF THE QUANTITATIVE AND QUALITATIVE CHANGES IN CHITIN AT DIFFERENT STAGES OF RIPENING OF MUSHROOM FRUITING BODIES

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Korabel I., Khomyak S., Panchak L., Antonyuk V.
Progress on Chemistry and Application of Chitin and its Derivatives
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2023
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vol. 28
34-45
EN
We investigated the extraction of chitin with various solvents and changes in the amount of chitin and its molecular mass at different stages of maturity in the fruiting bodies of the fungi Laetiporus sulphureus, Tyromyces chioneus, Oudemansiella mucida, Lycoperdon perlatum, and Fomitopsis betulina. We extracted chitin from crushed mushroom fruiting bodies with 25% hydrochloric acid at 0°C. We characterised the molecular weight of reprecipitated purified chitin with a viscosimeter and Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy. The mass of extracted chitin in all studied mushrooms initially increased from youth to maturity, and then decreased after ripening. At the same time, the molecular weight of chitin tended to increase.
3
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PHOSPHATE REMOVAL FROM AQUEOUS SOLUTIONS BY CHITIN AND CHITOSAN IN FLAKES

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Szymczyk P., Filipkowska U., Jóźwiak T., Kuczajowska-Zadrożna M.
Progress on Chemistry and Application of Chitin and its Derivatives
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2016
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vol. 21
192-202
EN
The article presents the effectiveness of phosphate adsorption on the flakes of chitin and chitosan. Studies performed determined adsorption capacity of chitin and chitosan, best among the tested adsorption pH and the equilibrium time. Langmuir model was used to describe the results. The highest removal efficiency of phosphorus compounds using chitin was obtained at pH 3 and with chitosan at pH 4. The study of phosphate equilibrium concentration time obtained for both sorbents was carried out at three concentrations of 1, 5 and 10 mg/dm3. The highest sorption efficiency of the phosphate using chitin was achieved after 20 minutes of the process and at the chitosan after 40 minutes. In the case of chitosan after the equilibrium time the effect of partial P-PO4 release was observed, which could be related to the change in pH of the solution by the sorbent. Studies have shown that chitosan is a more effective absorbent for phosphorus compounds. The maximum adsorption capacity of chitosan with phosphate was 6.65 mg/g, and chitin - 2.09 mg/g.
4
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EFFECT OF pH VALUE AND ADSORBENT CONCENTRATION ON THE EFFECTIVENESS OF ADSORPTION ONTO CHITIN AND CHITOSAN

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Filipkowska U., Rodziewicz J., Sobotka R.
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vol. 15
79 - 86
EN
The study was aimed at determining the effectiveness of reactive dye RB5 removal in the adsorption process onto chitin and chitosan as affected by the quantity of an adsorbent and pH value of the solution. The experiment was conducted at two concentrations of a sorbent, i.e. 1 and 5 mg d.m./dm3 and at three values of the reaction, i.e. pH 3.0, pH 5.0, and pH 9.0. The kinetics of RB5 sorption onto chitin and chitosan was described with the use of Langmuir model. In the case of both adsorbents examined, the highest adsorption capacity was achieved at pH 3.0 and adsorbent concentration of 1 g d.m./dm3. Increasing pH value up to pH 5.0 and 9.0 and adsorbent concentration in the sample from 1 to 5 g d.m./dm3 caused a decrease in the quantity of dye absorbed.
5
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THE USE OF CHITIN AND CHITOSAN FOR THE REMOVAL OF REACTIVE BLACK 5 DYE

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Szymczyk P., Filipkowska U., Jóźwiak T., Kuczajowska-Zadrożna M.
Progress on Chemistry and Application of Chitin and its Derivatives
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2015
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vol. 20
260-272
EN
In this study, we investigated the effectiveness of Reactive Black 5 dye adsorption onto chitin and chitosan flakes. Adsorption capacity of chitin and chitosan, optimal pH of the adsorption process and reaction equilibrium time were determined. Results achieved were described with Freundlich, Langmuir and double Langmuir models. The pH value ensuring the highest dye adsorption effectiveness onto chitosan was pH 4. In turn, the highest dye adsorption effectiveness onto chitin was determined at pH 2, however considering that the pH value of industrial wastewater containing reactive dyes ranges from pH 3 to pH 4, further analyses with chitin were continued at pH 3. The time needed to reach the equilibrium concentration of dye was 360 min for chitin and 72 hours for chitosan. The study demonstrated that chitosan is the most effective sorbent of RB5. Its maximum adsorption capacity of the reactive dye accounted for 696.99 mg/g d.m., compared to 131.56 mg/g d.m. determined for chitin. Higher effectiveness of RB5 removal by chitosan is result of more number of amine groups in the chemical structure of this polymer, compared to chitin.
6
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THE INFLUENCE OF CHITIN AMINATION ON THE EFFECTIVENESS OF RB5 AND RY84 DYE SORPTION

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Filipkowska U., Jóźwiak T., Bugajska P., Kuczajowska-Zadrożna M.
Progress on Chemistry and Application of Chitin and its Derivatives
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2018
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vol. 23
66 - 75
EN
This article presents the influence of chitin amination on the effectiveness of RB5 and RY84 dye sorption. For chitin and chitin modified by amination, the optimal pH of sorption and the maximum sorption capacity were determined in relation to two reactive dyes: Reactive Black 5 (RB5) and Reactive Yellow 84 (RY84), differing in the active group and molecular weight. Three sorption models were used to describe the experimental data: Langmuir, Langmuir 2 and Freundlich. The highest sorption capacity was obtained for aminated chitin for both tested dyes: 386.53 mg/g for RB5 and 261.56 mg/g for RY84. In the case of sorption on unmodified chitin, the sorption capacities were lower: up to 235.65 mg/g.d.m. for RB5 and 208.88 mg/g.d.m. for RY84. The modification of chitin by amination has a beneficial effect on the amount of dye adsorbed in the process. The adsorptive capacity increased by 1.6-times in the case of RB5 and 1.25-times in case of RY84.
7
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THE USE OF CHITIN AND CHITOSAN IN MANUFACTURING DRESSING MATERIALS

88%
Latańska I., Kolesińska B., Draczyński Z., Sujka W.
Progress on Chemistry and Application of Chitin and its Derivatives
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2020
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vol. 25
16 - 36
EN
Despite continuous progress in the development of advanced dressing materials, there is a constant need for dressings used in an environment of infected and hard-to-heal wounds. Dressings that meet the above described requirements are products based on chitin and its derivatives. Chitosan and chitin derivative dressings are now becoming a very effective medical device in healing hard-to-heal wounds, as well as in the control of severely bleeding wounds. Chitosan and chitin are particularly valuable raw materials that accelerate wound healing processes, and they are also biocompatible and antibacterial. Dressings made of butyric-acetic chitin copolyester are intended for treating wounds of various aetiologies, including chronic wounds in which the healing process is disturbed by concomitant diseases. Materials based on chitosan are also widely used in the area of heavily bleeding and chronic wounds.
8
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INFLUENCE OF IMIDASOLIUM RING SUBSTITUTION ON CHITIN DISSOLUTION IN IONIC LIQUIDS

88%
Kopka K. A., Jaworska M. M.
Progress on Chemistry and Application of Chitin and its Derivatives
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2012
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vol. 17
37 - 42
EN
Presented paper discuss the influence of substitution of imidasolium ring on the solubility and structure of chitin. The 1-butyl-3-methyl imidazolium chloride (BMIM)(Cl) and the 1-butyl-2,3- dimethyl imidazolium chloride (BMMIM)(Cl) were used as solvents. These ionic liquids differ by the presence of the substituent in position 2 that causes differences in physical and chemical properties. The surface of chitin particle was observe under electron microscope and chitin IR spectra were compared to investigated polymer structure after regeneration with water. It was found that both IL are good solvents for chitin. Moreover after regeneration chitin structure was similar to native one but became more porous.
9
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FORMATION OF FIBRES AND SPHERES FROM CHITIN SOLUTION

88%
Biniaś D., Biniaś W., Janicki J.
Progress on Chemistry and Application of Chitin and its Derivatives
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2018
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vol. 23
25 - 32
EN
The applications of chitin are limited due to its insolubility in most organic solvents. The chemical modification of chitin to generate new bio-functional materials can bring more desirable properties. A concentration of 5% can be obtained. We have successfully prepared chitin fibres and spheres by dissolving chitin in 85% phosphoric acid in various coagulating agents and then regenerating it in 10% sodium hydroxide. The change in molecular structure was studied by Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR). The surface morphology of different biomaterials was observed using scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and optical microscopy (OM).
10
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THE INVESTIGATIONS ON PROCESS TYPE INFLUENCE ON METHYL VIOLET ADSORPTION ON CHITIN AND CHITIN DEACETYLATION PRODUCTS

88%
Tórz A., Łącka D., Turczyn R., Gnus M.
Progress on Chemistry and Application of Chitin and its Derivatives
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2015
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vol. 20
273-280
EN
The aim of this work was to a study various adsorption processes of methyl violet (model compound of aniline dye) on chitin and chitin deacetylation products. Two types of adsorption processes - batch and continuous - were tested. Results illustrated that raw chitin is an effective adsorbent for methyl violet and the adsorption activity of chitin deacetylation products strongly decrease with increasing degree of deacetylation (DDA). The continuous process is more effective then batch process.
11
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The krill chitin and some aspects of metals transport in Antarctic sea-water

88%
Neugebauer W., Bykowski P., Neugebauer E., Neugebauer W., Bykowski P., Neugebauer E.
Polish Polar Research
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1986
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vol. 7
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issue 4
12
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MOLECULAR DYNAMICS SIMULATIONS OF THE AFFINITY OF CHITIN AND CHITOSAN FOR COLLAGEN: THE EFFECT OF pH AND THE PRESENCE OF SODIUM AND CALCIUM CATIONS

88%
Przybyłek M., Bełdowski P.
Progress on Chemistry and Application of Chitin and its Derivatives
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2023
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vol. 28
136-150
EN
Chitosan and chitin are promising biopolymers used in many areas including biomedical applications, such as tissue engineering and viscosupplementation. Chitosan shares similar properties with hyaluronan, a natural component of synovial fluid, making it a good candidate for joint disease treatment. The structural and energetic consequences of intermolecular interactions are crucial for understanding the biolubrication phenomenon and other important biomedical features. However, the properties of biopolymers, including their complexation abilities, are influenced by the nature of the aqueous medium with which they interact. In this study, we employed molecular dynamics simulations to describe the effect of pH and the presence of sodium and calcium cations on the stability of molecular complexes formed by collagen type II with chitin and chitosan oligosaccharides. Based on Gibbs free energy of binding, all considered complexes are thermodynamically stable over the entire pH range. The affinity between chitosan oligosaccharide and collagen is highly influenced by pH, while oligomeric chitin shows no pH-dependent effect on the stability of molecular assemblies with collagen. On the other hand, the presence of sodium and calcium cations has a negligible effect on the affinity of chitin and chitosan for collagen.
13
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Renewable chitin from marine sponge as a thermostable biological template for hydrothermal synthesis of hematite nanospheres using principles of extreme biomimetics

75%
Wysokowski M., Petrenko I., Motylenko M., Langer E., Bazhenov V. V., Galli R., Stelling A. L., Kljajić Z., Szatkowski T., Kutsova V. Z., Stawski D., Jesionowski T.
Bioinspired Materials
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2014
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vol. 1
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issue 1
EN
Chitin originating from marine sponges possesses a unique nanofibrillar network structure that is the basic element of the microtubular scaffold-like skeleton of these organisms. Sponge chitin represents an intriguing example of thermostability, as it is stable up to 400 °C. It also constitutes a renewable biological source due to the high regeneration ability of Aplysina sponges under marine farming conditions. These properties can be exploited for the facile and environmentally friendly creation of novel, biocompatible organic-inorganic hybrid materials with a range of uses. Here, chitin-based scaffolds isolated from the skeleton of marine demosponge Aplysina aerophoba were used as a template for the in vitro formation of iron oxide from a saturated iron(III) chloride solution, under hydrothermal conditions (pH~1.5, 90 °C). The resultant chitin-Fe2O3 three dimensional composites, prepared for the first time via hydrothermal synthesis route, were thoroughly characterized using light, fluorescence and scanning electron microscopy; as well as with analytical methods like Raman spectroscopy, electron diffraction and HR-TEM. The results show that this versatile method allows for efficient chitin mineralization with respect to hematite. Additionally, we demonstrate that chitin nanofibers template the nucleation of uniform Fe2O3 nanocrystals.
14
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The influence of chitin structure on its enzymatic deacetylation

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Jaworska M. M., Roberts G. A. F.
Chemical and Process Engineering
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2016
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vol. 37
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issue 2
15
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CHITOSAN-DERIVATIVES IN COMBINATIONS WITH SELECTED PORPHYRINOIDS AS NOVEL HYBRID MATERIALS FOR MEDICINE AND PHARMACY

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Szczepański R., Gadomska L., Michalak M., Bakun P., Pawlak K., Goslinski T., Ziegler-Borowska M., Czarczynska-Goslinska B.
Progress on Chemistry and Application of Chitin and its Derivatives
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2020
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vol. 25
63 - 78
EN
Chitosan and its derivatives are renewable biopolymers characterized by high biocompatibility; therefore, they are harmless to humans and allow immune tolerance and improved hydrophilicity. Moreover, chitosan has been the most studied of all polysaccharides used in biomedical applications during the last decade. Combinations of chitosan and porphyrinoid compounds in hybrid materials have revealed many potential applications for biomedical sciences. The main advantage of such materials is an increase in the solubility of porphyrinoids in body fluids and therefore greater release of singlet oxygen to the treated tissue. Chitosan-based drug delivery systems can improve the targeting of porphyrinoids and their release at predetermined locations and finally achieve desired therapeutic effects with minimal side effects. Hence, porphyrinoid-chitosan materials can be applied in drug delivery systems, cancer theranostics and magnetic resonance imaging. The combination of chitosan and porphyrinoids also appears useful in the healing and repairing of damaged organs, tissue engineering, regenerative medicine, as well as dressing materials. Huge benefits are related to the treatment of wounds, which has been presented for self-healing hydrogels based on chitosan and porphyrinoids. Furthermore, the chitosan/porphyrinoid combinations have revealed enormous benefits for antimicrobial photodynamic therapy.
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