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Plasma membrane rafts and chaperones in cytokine/ STAT signaling.

100%

Sehgal P. B.

Acta Biochimica Polonica

2003

vol. 50

issue 3

583-594

We and others have recently obtained data suggesting that cytokine-STAT signaling in many different cell-types is a chaperoned pathway initiated at the level of specialized plasma membrane microdomains called "rafts" (the "raft-STAT signaling hypothesis"). These findings are of broad significance in that all cytokines and growth factors initiate signaling in target cells by interacting with respective cell-surface receptors. The new data suggest that raft microdomains represent the units of function at the cell-surface through which ligand-stimulated STAT signaling is initiated. Moreover, recent evidence shows the involvement of chaperone proteins in regulating the STAT signaling pathway. These chaperones include the human homolog of the tumorous imaginal disc 1 protein (hTid1) which associates with Janus kinase 2 (JAK2) at the level of the plasma membrane, heat shock protein 90 (HSP90) which associates with STAT3 and STAT1 proteins in caveolin-1-containing raft and cytoplasmic complexes, and glucose regulated protein 58 (GRP58/ER-60/ERp57), a thiol dependent protein-disulfide isomerase, found in association with STAT3 "statosome" complexes in the cytosol and in the raft fraction. We suggest a function of the HSP90 chaperone system in preserving IL-6/STAT3 signaling in liver cells in the context of fever. The identification and function of protein partners associated with specific STAT species in rafts and in cytosolic complexes, and in the efficient departure of cytokine-activated STATs from the cytosolic face of rafts towards the cell nucleus are now areas of active investigation.

Mechanizmy adaptacyjne umożliwiające życie bakterii w wysokich temperaturach

84%

Hus K., Bocian A.

Kosmos

2017

vol. 66

issue 2

175-184

Z antropocentrycznego punktu widzenia, środowiska cechujące się wysokimi temperaturami opisywane są jako ekstremalne. Pierwotnie uważano, że są one zbyt niekorzystne dla rozwoju życia, jednakże wiele badań naukowych dowiodło, iż istnieje spora grupa mikroorganizmów, które mogą przetrwać w tak trudnych warunkach. Jednakże aby było to możliwe, organizmy te wykształciły wiele mechanizmów i strategii ochrony komórki przed niekorzystnymi warunkami środowiska. Zaliczyć tu można: produkcję białek szoku cieplnego, stabilizację struktury DNA, błyskawiczną resyntezę ATP, aminokwasów i innych termolabilnych składników komórki, syntezę trehalozy i innych cząsteczek stabilizujących struktury komórkowe, zwiększoną syntezę specyficznych proteaz, zastąpienie nukleotydów nikotynamidowych przez stabilniejszą ferredoksynę czy zmianę ekspresji genów w komórce. Enzymy produkowane przez mikroorganizmy termofilne są obecnie źródłem intensywnych badań, głównie ze względu na swoje wyjątkowe właściwości i szerokie zastosowanie w przemyśle.

From the anthropocentric point of view, the environments that are characterized by high temperatures have been identified as extreme ones. Originally, they were considered as too extreme to allow any organism to survive. However, later investigations have revealed that there exists a fairly large group of microorganisms thriving very well in these conditions. In order to withstand high temperatures these microorganisms have developed numerous mechanisms and strategies for protecting their cells. They include inter alia production of heat shock proteins, stabilization of the double-stranded DNA structure, rapid re-synthesis of ATP, certain amino acids and other heat-labile components of the cell, enhanced synthesis of: trehalose and other molecules stabilizing cell structures, and specific proteases hydrolyzing denatured proteins, substitution of termo-labile nicotinamide adenine dinucleotides by more thermally stable ferredoxin, as well as modifications of gene expression. Presently, enzymes produced by thermophilic microorganisms are an important area of research owing to their unique properties and wide industrial applications.

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1 Acta Biochimica Polonica

1 Kosmos

1 2017

1 2003

1 Bocian A.

1 Hus K.

1 Sehgal P. B.

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Plasma membrane rafts and chaperones in cytokine/ STAT signaling.

Mechanizmy adaptacyjne umożliwiające życie bakterii w wysokich temperaturach