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EN
In this study we have investigated the impact of differentiation of neuronal cells on their sensitivity to microbial toxins. We used the human neural crest-derived tumor cell line Paju, which can be induced to differentiation in vitro by treatment with phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate. Addition of the highly toxic potassium ionophores cereulide (4.5 and 9.0 ng/ml) or valinomycin (20 ng/ml), to cultures of undifferentiated Paju cells caused collapse of the mitochondrial membrane potential - measured with the fluorescent probe 5,5',6,6'-tetrachloro-1,1',3,3'-tetrabenzimidazole carbocyanine iodide (JC-1) followed by detachment of the cells and their apoptotic death. After induced differentiation of the Paju cells, their mitochondria retained the membrane potential upon exposure to the toxins and the cells displayed increased resistance to apoptosis as compared with undifferentiated cells. This effect may be caused by an elevated expression of the anti-apoptotic protein Bcl-2 and of the neuroprotective factor, stanniocalcin, in differentiated cells.
EN
Basophils are one of major effector cells participating in the immune response despite the fact that they constitute a small population of peripheral blood leukocytes. They are activated by cross-linking of an antigen with IgE through FcεRI and then they release a wide range of mediators, implicated in the pathogenesis of allergic diseases. Basophils are essential cells in IgG-mediated systemic anaphylaxis and currently are considered as antigen-presenting cells. This review summarizes recent studies and reports on basophils, their origin and role in the immune response, and their participation in diseases. Widening of our knowledge about basophils can help us to understand better the mechanisms of the complex processes in which those cells are involved.
PL
Bazofile to jedne z najistotniejszych komórek uczestniczących w odpowiedzi immunologicznej, mimo iż stanowią niewielką populację we krwi obwodowej. Ulegają aktywacji w krzyżowej reakcji wiązania antygenu przez przeciwciało IgE do receptora FcεRI. Uwalniają szerokie spektrum mediatorów, co przekłada się na implikacje w patogenezie chorób alergicznych. Odgrywają także znaczącą rolę w uogólnionych reakcjach anafilaktycznych z udziałem przeciwciał IgG, a także jako komórki prezentujące antygen. Ta praca jest podsumowaniem aktualnej wiedzy o bazofilach, ich pochodzeniu i roli w reakcjach alergicznych oraz znaczeniu w jednostkach chorobowych. Poszerzanie wiedzy z tego zakresu jest niezbędne do lepszego zrozumieniu mechanizmów skomplikowanych procesów, w których bazofile uczestniczą.
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