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1
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Milk-derived angiotensin-I-converting enzymeinhibitory peptides generated by Lactobacillus delbrueckii subsp. lactis CRL 581

100%
Villegas J. M., Picariello G., Mamone G., Espeche Turbay M. B., Savoy de Giori G., Hebert E. M.
Peptidomics
|
2014
|
vol. 1
|
issue 1
EN
Several strains of Lactobacillus helveticus and Lactobacillus delbrueckii subsp. lactis were evaluated for their ability to release angiotensin-I-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitory peptides from α-casein (α-CN) and β-casein (β-CN). Casein peptides resulting from L. delbrueckii subsp. lactis CRL 581-mediated hydrolysis exhibited the highest ACE-inhibitory (ACEI) activities, with values of 53 and 40% for α-CN and β-CN, respectively. The casein hydrolysates were fractionated by reversedphase high pressure liquid chromatography and some of the active peptides were identified by mass spectrometry. The fraction with the highest ACEI activity arose from β-CN and contained a mixture of the β-CN f194-206 (QEPVLGPVRGPFP) and f198-206 (LGPVRGPFP) peptides. Furthermore, the ACEI tripeptide IPP was identified in all β-CN hydrolysates; L. delbrueckii subsp. lactis CRL 581 produced the highest amount of this peptide. The bioactive peptides released by CRL 581 strain may be used in the formulation of functional foods and nutraceuticals, representing a healthier and natural alternative for regulating blood pressure.
2
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Application of Asian pumpkin (Cucurbita ficifolia) serine proteinase for production of biologically active peptides from casein

100%
Dąbrowska A., Szołtysik M., Babij K., Pokora M., Zambrowicz A., Chrzanowska J.
Acta Biochimica Polonica
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2013
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vol. 60
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issue 1
117-122
EN
The main objective of this study was to determine potential application of a serine proteinase derived from Asian pumpkin for obtaining biologically active peptides from casein. The course of casein hydrolysis by three doses of the enzyme (50, 150, 300 U/mg of protein) was monitored for 24 hours by the determinations of: hydrolysis degree DH (%), free amino group content (μmole Gly/g), RP HPLC peptide profiles and by polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. In all hydrolyzates analyzed antioxidant activities were determined using three tests: the ability to reduce iron ions in FRAP test, the ability to scavenge free radicals in DPPH test, and Fe2+ chelating activity. The antimicrobial activity of obtained peptide fractions was determined as the ability to inhibit the growth of Escherichia coli, Bacillus cereus and Pseudomonas fluorescens in a diffusion plate test. The deepest degradation, expressed as the DH [%] and the free amino group content (67% and 7528 µmole Gly/mg, respectively), was noted in samples hydrolyzed with 300 U/ml of enzyme for 24 hours, while in other samples the determined values were about three and two times lower. The results were in agreement with the peptide profiles obtained by RP HPLC. The highest antioxidative activities determined in all tests were seen for the casein hydrolysate obtained with 300 U/mg protein of serine proteinase after 24 h of reaction (2.15 µM Trolox/mg, 96.15 µg Fe3+/mg, 814.97 µg Fe2+/mg). Antimicrobial activity was presented in three preparations. In other samples no antimicrobial activity was detected.
3
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Physiological and Physical Effects of Different Milk Protein Supplements in Elite Soccer Players

75%
Lollo P., Amaya-Farfan J., de Carvalho-Silva L.
Journal of Human Kinetics
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2011
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vol. 30
49-57
EN
Brazilian soccer championships involve a large number of teams and are known to cause stress and loss of muscle mass besides other negative physical consequences. This study was designed to compare the effects produced by three types of protein supplements on body composition, biochemical parameters and performance of a top Brazilian professional soccer team during an actual tournament. Twenty-four athletes assessed as having a normal nutrient intake were divided into three groups according to supplementation. Immediately after each daily training, the athletes received 1 g × kg-1 of body weight × day-1 of either whey protein (WP), hydrolyzed whey protein (HWP) or casein (CAS) for eight weeks. Before and after the experimental period, anthropometric characteristics, physical performance by the yo-yo and 3000m tests, and several biochemical variables in blood (uric acid, total cholesterol, HDL-cholesterol, creatinine, glucose) were measured. While no improvement in physical performance was observed with regard to the applied treatments, casein supplementation resulted in muscle mass increase (p<0.039), while WP and HWP favoured the maintenance of the initial muscle mass. Moreover, the eight-week intervention was found to cause no abnormalities in biochemical and anthropometric variables monitored, but instead, the intervention showed to be positive in comparison to the adverse anthropometric changes, when no supplementation was made. It was concluded that supplementation immediately after training sessions with any of the three sources of protein during the competitive period is beneficial and safe, as well as capable of sustaining or even increasing muscle mass.
4
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Promotory wchłaniania wapnia

45%
Dolińska B., Mikulska A., Ryszka F.
Annales Academiae Medicae Silesiensis
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2009
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vol. 63
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issue 1
76-83
EN
The inappropriate supply of calcium influences bone loss and the risk of the osteoporosis. Health benefits expected from calcium depend on the amount of consumed calcium and also are strongly dependent on the possibility of organism to absorb calcium. Many studies devoted to this topic do not consider the absorbed calcium amount indeed which on average gives 10-75% of total calcium consumed. In order to make calcium absorption higher and more effective, researchers still conduct an investigation concerned with the factors enhancing calcium absorption and not having any negative influence on excretion of this element. The following can be rated among such substances: vitamin D, magnesium, inulin and other indigestible oligosaccharides, some amino acids, short-chain fatty acids, lactose, casein, phosvitin.
PL
Nieodpowiednia podaż wapnia wpływa na utratę masy kostnej oraz ryzyko wystąpienia osteoporozy. Zdrowotne korzyści oczekiwane od wapnia zależą nie tylko od ilości spożywanego wapnia, ale również są bardzo silnie zależne od możliwości organizmu do wchłaniania przyjętego wapnia. Wiele badań poświęconych temu tematowi nie rozważa ilości wapnia rzeczywiście wchłanianego, która nigdy nie wynosi 100%, a waha się w granicach 10-75% w zależności od wieku i stanu zdrowia. Aby wchłanianie wapnia było jak najefektywniejsze poszukuje się substancji zwiększających absorpcję wapnia w przewodzie pokarmowym, a ponadto nie wpływających negatywnie na jego wydalanie. Do takich substancji można obecnie zaliczyć: witaminę D, magnez, inulinę i inneniestrawne sacharydy, niektóre aminokwasy, krótkołańcuchowe kwasy tłuszczowe, laktozę, fosfopeptydy kazeiny i foswityny.
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