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EN
Calretinin-containing (CR+) GABAergic neurons in the dorsal part of hippocampal formation (HF), including the subi-culum, Cornu Ammonis (CA1-4), and dentate gyrus (DG) were visualized with immunocytochemistry. General distribution of CR+ cells was similar in each studying group. Olfactory bulbectomy caused significant increase in CR+ density in stratum oriens of CA1 and stratum moleculare of suprapyramidal blade of DG (three times, p<0.05 and twice, p=0.05, respectively), and tendency to increase in majority of other sub-regions of HF. CR+ cells were generally resistant to administration of amitriptyline as an antidepressant following bulbectomy, although the tendency of increase in CR+ cell density can be observed in CA1. Our findings indicate CR+ neurons site-specific response to bulbectomy model of depression. This could involve the trisynaptic pathway and temporo-ammonic tract by controlling other interneurons terminating on different compartments of principal cells.
EN
Calretinin (CR) is a neuronal EF-hand protein previously characterized as a calcium (micromolar affinity) binding protein. CR-containing neurons are spared in some neurodegenerative diseases, although it is as yet unconfirmed how CR plays an active role in this protection. Higher levels of some metal cations (e.g. copper and zinc) are associated with these diseases. At the same time, metals such as terbium (NMR and fluorescence) cadmium (NMR) and manganese (EPR) serve as useful calcium analogues in the study of EF-hand proteins. We survey the binding of the above-mentioned metal cations that might affect the structure and function of CR. Competitive 45Ca2+-overlay, competitive terbium fluorescence and intrinsic tryptophan fluorescence are used to detect the binding of metal cations to CR. Terbium and copper (half-maximal effect of 15 μM) bind to CR. Terbium has a similar or greater affinity for the calcium-binding sites of CR than calcium. Copper quenches the fluorescence of terbium-bound CR, and CR tryptophan residues and competes weakly for 45Ca2+-binding sites. Cadmium, magnesium, manganese and zinc bind less strongly (half-maximal effects above 0.1 mM). Therefore, only terbium appears to be a suitable analytical calcium analogue in further studies of CR. The principal conclusion of this work is that copper, in addition to calcium, might be a factor in the function of CR and a link between CR and neurodegenerative diseases.
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