Search results

1

Triggering of erythrocyte membrane blebbing by ciprofloxacin

100%

Shabir K., Jilani K., Zbidah M., Riaz M., Bibi I., Asghar A.

Acta Poloniae Pharmaceutica - Drug Research

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2019

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vol. 76

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issue 5

901-906

EN

An extensively used fluoroquinolone antibiotic ciprofloxacin shows a broad-spectrum antibacterial activity against both gram-positive and gram-negative strains. It works mainly by the inhibition of DNA gyrase and topoisomerase IV which results in impaired DNA replication leading towards microbial cell death. Eryptosis is an alternative term used for suicidal erythrocyte death. In current study, eryptotic effect of ciprofloxacin was investigated by exposing erythrocytes for 48 hours to the different concentrations (45-90µM) of ciprofloxacin. The experimental work related to the investigation of eryptosis was done by cell size measurement and confirmation of calcium role in membrane blebbing. As a possible mechanism of eryptosis, oxidative stress induced by ciprofloxacin was determined by catalase, glutathion peroxidase and superoxide dismutase activities measurement. Similarly, necrotic effect of ciprofloxacin was also illustrated by hemolysis measurement. Results of our study revealed that the therapeutical doses of ciprofloxacin may induce oxidative stress by significant decrease in superoxide dismutase, catalase and glutathione peroxidase activities as well as induce eryptosis, featured by erythrocytes membrane blebbing and hemolysis.

2

A novel member of the thermolysin family, cloning and biochemical characterization of metalloprotease from Staphylococcus pseudintermedius

100%

Wladyka B., Bista M., Sabat A. J., Bonar E., Grzeszczuk S., Hryniewicz W., Dubin A.

Acta Biochimica Polonica

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2008

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vol. 55

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issue 3

525-536

EN

Thermolysins constitute a family of secreted bacterial metalloproteases expressed, among others, by several pathogens. Strains of Staphylococcus pseudintermedius isolated from diseased dogs and judged as protease-positive, by skim milk agar plate culture, were investigated for protease content. No proteolytic activity was detected when the bacteria were grown in regular liquid media. Unexpectedly, supplementation of the medium with calcium ions resulted in expression of a metalloprotease and profound changes in the profile of extracellular proteins. On the basis of homology to other staphylococcal metalloproteases, the nucleotide sequence of the gene encoding this protease (Pst) and its flanking regions was determined. The full-length pst codes for a protein with an open reading frame of 505 amino acids. The internal region contains the HEXXH catalytic domain that is conserved in members of the thermolysin family. Regardless of the presence of calcium in the medium, the expression of the protease gene was of the same intensity. This suggests that regulation of the metalloprotease production by calcium ions is at a post-transcriptional level. Isolates of S. pseudintermedius exhibit a proteolytic phenotype due to the metalloprotease expression, however only in presence of calcium ions, which most probably stabilize the structure of the protease.

3

Smooth muscle actomyosin promotes Ca2+-dependent interactions between annexin VI and detergent-insoluble glycosphingolipid-enriched membrane domains.

88%

Babiychuk V. S., Draeger A., Babiychuk E. B.

Acta Biochimica Polonica

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2000

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vol. 47

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issue 3

579-589

EN

The mechanical link coupling cytoskeletal and contractile proteins to the sarcolemma of smooth muscle cells is essential for transmitting tension from the cell's interior to exterior. In addition to the well-characterized actin-integrin associations present in adhaerens junctions, our recent work has postulated the existence of a reversible annexin-dependent membrane-cytoskeleton complex, forged in response to a rise in intracellular Ca2+ concentration following smooth muscle cell stimulation (Babiychuk et al., J. Biol Chem. 1999, 274, 35191-35195). Detailed biochemical characterization of the interactions responsible for the formation of this complex revealed that annexins II and VI interact with actomyosin, or detergent-insoluble glycosphingolipid-enriched membrane domains (rafts) purified from smooth muscle, in a concentration- and Ca2+-dependent manner. Annexin II interacted with lipid rafts with high Ca2+-sensitivity, while for annexin VI this interaction required non-physiologically high concentrations of free Ca2+. However, the Ca2+-sensitivity of the latter interaction strongly increased in the presence of purified smooth muscle actomyosin. The detailed biochemical analysis of the interactions occurring between annexin II, annexin VI, actomyosin and rafts suggests that annexins regulate sarcolemmal organization during smooth muscle cell contraction.

4

Structure and functions of plant calcium-dependent protein kinases

88%

Klimecka M., Muszyńska G.

Acta Biochimica Polonica

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2007

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vol. 54

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issue 2

219-233

EN

Calcium ions as second messengers play an essential role in many important cellular processes. In plants, transient changes in calcium content in the cytosol (calcium signatures) have been observed during growth, development and under stress conditions. Such diverse functions require many different calcium sensors. One of the largest and most differentiated group of calcium sensors are protein kinases, among them calcium-dependent protein kinases (CDPKs) which were identified only in plants and protists. CDPKs have a regulatory domain which is able to bind calcium ions. For regulation of CDPKs activities not only calcium ions but also specific phospholipids and autophosphorylation are responsible. CDPKs have many different substrates, which reflects the diversity of their functions. Potential protein substrates of CDPK are involved in carbon and nitrogen metabolism, phospholipid synthesis, defense responses, ion and water transport, cytoskeleton organization, transcription and hormone responses. Presently, participation of CDPKs in stress signal transduction pathways (e.g., cold, drought, high salinity, wounding) is intensively studied in many laboratories. An intriguing, but still not fully clarified problem is the cross-talk via CDPKs among different signaling pathways that enables signal integration at different levels and ensure appropriate downstream responses.

5

Toxicological and cytophysiological aspects of lanthanides action.

88%

Pałasz A., Czekaj P.

Acta Biochimica Polonica

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2000

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vol. 47

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issue 4

1107-1114

EN

Lanthanides, also called rare-earth elements, are an interesting group of 15 chemically active, mainly trivalent, f-electronic, silvery-white metals. In fact, lanthanides are not as rare as the name implies, except for promethium, a radioactive artificial element not found in nature. The mean concentrations of lanthanides in the earth's crust are comparable to those of life-important elements like iodine, cobalt and selenium. Many lanthanide compounds show particular magnetic, catalytic and optic properties, and that is why their technical applications are so extensive. Numerous industrial sources enable lanthanides to penetrate into the human body and therefore detailed toxicological studies of these metals are necessary. In the liver, gadolinium selectively inhibits secretion by Kupffer cells and it decreases cytochrome P450 activity in hepatocytes, thereby protecting liver cells against toxic products of xenobiotic biotransformation. Praseodymium ion (Pr3+) produces the same protective effect in liver tissue cultures. Cytophysiological effects of lanthanides appear to result from the similarity of their cationic radii to the size of Ca2+ ions. Trivalent lanthanide ions, especially La3+ and Gd3+, block different calcium channels in human and animal cells. Lanthanides can affect numerous enzymes: Dy3+ and La3+ block Ca2+-ATPase and Mg2+-ATPase, while Eu3+ and Tb3+ inhibit calcineurin. In neurons, lanthanide ions regulate the transport and release of synaptic transmitters and block some membrane receptors, e.g. GABA and glutamate receptors. It is likely that lanthanides significantly and uniquely affect biochemical pathways, thus altering physiological processes in the tissues of humans and animals.

6

Analysis of factors affecting the development of hypocalcaemia after multinodular goitre surgery

88%

Papaj P., Kozieł S., Mrowiec S.

Polish Journal of Surgery

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2017

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vol. 89(2)

26-30

EN

Introduction: Thyroidectomy is a common surgery performed especially in treatment of multinodular goitre. The most common post-thyroidectomy complication is a postoperative hypocalcaemia, and the percentage of postoperative hypoparathyroidism could reach even 50%. Tested group and methods: A forward-looking, randomized testing was done on a group of 113 women being subject to multinodular goitre surgery. In this article, we wish to present an analysis of the results obtained in the control group, focusing on the predicative factors which determine the development of postoperative hypocalcaemia. Obtained results: The rate of postoperative biochemical hypocalcaemia development was significantly higher in the group of patients, where the preoperative calcium concentration was lower than 2,4 mmol/l. In that group, the development of biochemical hypocalcaemia was observed in 93,7% of cases (30 out of 32 patients), in comparison with 65,3% (17 out of 26) in the group of higher preoperative concentration of calcium. The highest risk of occurrence of postoperative hypocalcaemia was borne by the total thyroidectomy, while the lowest one by the subtotal thyroid lobectomy of one lobe only. Conclusions: A higher preoperative concentration of calcium in blood serum is related to the lower rate of occurrence of postoperative biochemical hypocalcaemia. However, no such correlation was revealed in the case of postoperative symptomatic hypocalcaemia. Lack of correlation was determined between the preoperative concentration of TSH and FT4 in blood serum and the rate of occurrence of postoperative hypocalcaemia, both symptomatic and asymptomatic. The performed statistics did not reveal a relation between the postoperative hypocalcaemia and the duration of the surgery, but a significant correlation was stated with the scope of the performed surgery. Revealing a relation between the rate of occurrence of postoperative hypocalcaemia and the experience of the surgeon performing the surgery was not successful.

7

DEVELOPMENT OF A COLOURIMETRIC METHOD FOR QUALITY CONTROL OF SAUSAGE PRODUCTS PRODUCED USING CHITINOUS FOOD ADDITIVES

88%

Murashеv S. V., Elena A. Gorlach E. A. G., Chertov A. N., Gorbunova E. V., Kiprushkina E. I.

Progress on Chemistry and Application of Chitin and its Derivatives

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2020

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vol. 25

151 - 163

EN

A crucial technological task that must be solved in the production of sausage products is to stabilize the product’s red colour. In this paper, we propose a scheme to determine the most significant parameters of the quality of dry-cured sausages by their colour characteristics. For this purpose, colour digital images were obtained, which were further processed using two classical colour representation systems: RGB and xyY. We monitored changes in pH and the ratio of water to dry matter in meat products. These crucial sausage properties were changed by introducing chitin-containing supplements into their recipes, which allowed us to solve two tasks simultaneously. The first comprises, as already mentioned, changing the properties of sausages to obtain correlations with colour characteristics. The second is to enrich meat products with chitin complex for preventive purposes to improve people’s nutrition. The construction of correlation dependencies using each coordinate separately in two colour systems showed that each system (RGB and xyY) has one colour channel with a maximum correlation coefficient. This is due to the colour features of sausages, which can be represented to the greatest extent with the help of only one colour coordinate in the considered colour representation systems (RGB and xyY). Using these colour coordinates will allow one to achieve maximum measurement accuracy. Thus, two tasks are being solved: the enrichment of food with dietary supplement and the development of a method to control their content.

8

Dietary Pattern and its Relationship Between Bone Mineral Density in Girls and Boys with Cystic Fibrosis – preliminary report

88%

Sands D., Mielus M., Umławska W., Lipowicz A., Oralewska B., Walkowiak J.

Developmental Period Medicine

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2015

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issue 1

105-113

EN

Background: Nutrition influence on cystic fibrosis (CF) patients survival is well documented and dietary therapy is one of basic elements of their treatment. Prolonged survival of CF patients might yet emerge comorbidities, which include bone mineral disease. The aim: The assessment of the dietary pattern and its relationship between bone density in boys and girls with cystic fibrosis. Material and methods: 89 patients aged 10-18 years from 3 Polish CF Centres were included into the study. To obtain a knowledge about quality of diet, a 3-day food record was assessed and percent of recommended for CF patients intake of energy, protein, carbohydrates, fat, vitamin D3, calcium, phosphorus was counted. Bone mineral density (BMD) in lumbar spine (L1-L4) was measured and expressed as a Z-score. To assess nutritional status, anthropometric measurements was evaluated (body weight, height and BMI). Descriptive methods, Mann-Whitney test, T-Student test, Spearman correlation and one-way ANOVA were used for statistical analyses. Results: The patients with cystic fibrosis did not meet specific for CF nutritional guidelines. A deficiency in recommended intake was observed in energy (88%), protein (82%), calcium (78%) and vitamin D3 (71%). The intake of phosphorus was higher than recommended (142%). A nutritional status was significantly reduced, as compared with the reference group (p<0.001). Boys characterized significantly lower body weight (p=0.019) and height (p=0.036) than girls as well as worse caloric (p=0.023) and carbohydrates intake (p=0.005). However, girls had reduced vitamin D3 content in their diet (p<0.001). The bone mineral density in the whole group was reduced and Z-score amounted to -0.95±1.17. Tendency to decreasing of BMD with age was observed. BMI showed important correlation with bone mineral density both in girls (p<0.001) and in boys (p=0.020). Conclusion: CF patients do not follow specific for them dietary recommendations and essential differences were observed between girls and boys. Nutritional status (BMI) showed correlation with bone mineral density in CF patients. Therefore intensive nutritional therapy according to recommendations is needed.

PL

Wprowadzenie: Wpływ żywienia na długość życia chorych z mukowiscydozą (ang. Cystic Fibrosis − CF) jest dobrze udokumentowany, a postępowanie dietetyczne jest jednym z podstawowych elementów leczenia pacjentów z CF. Systematyczne wydłużanie się wieku przeżycia chorych może powodować ujawienie się niedoborów żywieniowych prowadzących do chorób towarzyszących, jakimi są m.in. zaburzenia w gospodarce mineralnej kości. Cel: Celem pracy była ocena sposobu żywienia dziewcząt i chłopców z mukowiscydozą i jego związku z gęstością mineralną kości. Materiał imetody: Do badania włączono 89 pacjentów wwieku 10-18 lat. Wcelu ustalenia jakości diety, oceniono sposób żywienia za pomocą zapisu 3-dniowych jadłospisów, obliczając procent realizacji zapotrzebowania zgodnie z rekomendacjami opracowanymi dla pacjentów z mukowiscydozą. Dotyczyło to pokrycia zapotrzebowania kalorycznego, białka, tłuszczu, węglowodanów, witaminy D3, wapnia i fosforu. Oceniono gęstość mineralną kości (Bone Mineral Density − BMD) w odcinku lędźwiowym (L1-L4). Wynik wyrażono, jako wartość standaryzowaną Z-score. W celu określenia stanu odżywienia dokonano pomiarów antropometrycznych (masa i wysokość ciała oraz BMI). Wykonano następujące obliczenia statystyczne: analizy opisowe, test Manna-Whitneya, test t-Studenta, korelację Spearmana, oraz jednoczynnikową analizę wariancji ANOVA. Wyniki: Badani pacjenci nie spełniali opracowanych dla chorych na mukowiscydozę zaleceń żywieniowych. W diecie zaobserwowano niedobory energii (88% normy), białka (82%), wapnia (78%) oraz witaminy D3 (71%). Wykazano nadmierne spożycie fosforu (142%). Stan odżywienia (parametry antropometryczne) badanej grupy był obniżony i w sposób statystycznie istotny różnił się od grupy referencyjnej (p<0,001). Chłopcy charakteryzowali się znacznie niższą masą ciała (p=0,019) iwysokością (p=0,036) niż dziewczęta, a także niższą kalorycznością diety (p=0,023) oraz zawartością węglowodanów (p=0,005). Dietę dziewcząt cechowała mniejsza zawartość witaminy D3 w diecie (p<0,001) w porównaniu do chłopców. Średnia wartość gęstości mineralnej kości w całej grupie była obniżona i wynosiła -0,95±1,17. Zaobserwowano tendencję do obniżania się BMD wraz z wiekiem. Stan odżywienia wyrażony jako BMI wykazał statystycznie istotną korelację z gęstością mineralną kości, zarówno u dziewcząt (p<0,001), jak i u chłopców (p=0,020). Wnioski: Pacjenci z CF nie przestrzegali opracowanych dla nich zaleceń dietetycznych. Zaobserwowano istotne różnice między dziewczętami i chłopcami. Stan odżywienia (BMI), wykazał korelację z gęstością mineralną kości (BMD), co wymaga intensywnej terapii żywieniowej, zgodnie z opracowanymi rekomendacjami.

9

Thermal utilization of mixtures of bone waste

88%

Staroń P., Kowalski Z., Krupa-Żuczek K., Wzorek Z.

Polish Journal of Chemical Technology

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2010

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vol. 12

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issue 4

26-30

EN

The results of a research related to the physico - chemical properties of the mixture of bone - waste and their ingredients have been presented. The mixtures was made up from waste: bovine bones, pork bones, bone sludge and bone meal. The content of the individual waste in the mixtures was selected on the basis of the heat of the combustion of the mixture and the amount of the waste produced in a meat processing plant. The heat of the combustion has been determined by the calorimeter, the content of phosphorus by spectrophotometric method, calcium by titration and phase composition by X - ray diffraction.The investigations confirmed that pork bones have the highest heat of the combustion 17 MJ/kg because of a big amount of fats. The analyzed waste has contained on average 16.5 wt % phosphorus and above 30 wt % calcium. X - ray diffraction method has proved that in bone waste one phase - hydroxyapatite occurs.

10

Effect of solution treatment on mechanical properties of cast AZ91-(Ca) alloys

75%

Jun J.-H.

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issue 1

11

Perioperative calcium and vitamin D supplementation in patients undergoing thyroidectomy – literature review

75%

Grzegory A., Pomorski L.

Polish Journal of Surgery

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2018

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vol. 90(4)

46-50

EN

Introduction: Postoperative hypocalcemia is a narrow but significant problem for patients undergoing thyroid and parathyroid surgery. It is the most common complication after thyroidectomy. It is associated with transient or permanent hypoparathyroidism. It could potentially be life-threatening for patients and increases the costs of hospitalization. The aim of the study was to evaluate the results of studies that routinely administrated calcium and/or vitamin D during the postoperative period. Materials and Methods: In this article, a literature review – 15 studies that used routine perioperative calcium (7 studies), vitamin D (2 studies) and calcium with vitamin D (11 studies) supplementation was performed. Supplementation effectiveness in prevention of postoperative hypocalcemia was compared to no prophylaxis in 10 studies. Five studies compared the effect of combined administration (calcium and vitamin D) to calcium alone. The number of papers dealing with this problem is not particularly high. Results: Supplementation significantly decreased the rate of laboratory and symptomatic hypocalcemia. It was also effective in reducing the severity of symptoms. The combination of calcium with vitamin D was the most effective strategy. No hypercalcemia or parathyroid hormone inhibition was observed in the supplemented groups. Routine supplementation was less expensive than performing laboratory tests in the course of treatment of hypocalcemia. Conclusions: The results of analyzed studies showed the clinical and economic advantage of routine perioperative prophylactic supplementation of vitamin D and/or calcium as compared to no prophylaxis. However, the majority of studies showed a significant range of variability in patients’ characteristics. Numerous studies did not evaluate the preoperative 25-hydroxycholecalciferol level – a risk factor for postoperative hypocalcemia. Discussion: The use of routine prophylactic supplementation of calcium and vitamin D in the perioperative period can be useful in everyday clinical practice. Further research is needed to draw clear guidelines regarding prophylactic calcium and vitamin D therapy for patients after thyroidectomy.

12

Calcium- and proton-dependent relocation of annexin A6 in Jurkat T cells stimulated for interleukin-2 secretion

75%

Podszywalow-Bartnicka P., Strzelecka-Kiliszek A., Bandorowicz-Pikula J., Pikula S.

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EN

Annexin A6 (AnxA6) is a Ca2+-dependent membrane-binding protein involved in vesicular traffic. The likely participation of AnxA6 in the response of lymphocytes to Ca2+ signals has not been investigated yet. The present study focuses on intracellular relocation of AnxA6 in human Jurkat T lymphoblasts upon stimulation followed by transient increase of intracellular [Ca2+] and exocytosis of interleukin-2 (IL-2). Stimulation of the cells under different experimental conditions (by lowering pH and/or by rising extracellular [Ca2+] in the presence of ionomycin) induced time-dependent transients of intracellular [Ca2+] and concomitant changes in AnxA6 intracellular localization and in IL-2 secretion, with only minor effects on cell viability and apoptosis. In resting conditions (in the presence of EGTA or with no ionophore) AnxA6 was localized uniformly in the cytosol, whereas it translocated to vesicular structures beneath the plasma membrane within 5 min following stimulation of Jurkat T cells and rise of intracellular [Ca2+] at pH 7.4. Lowering the extracellular pH value from 7.4 to 6.0 significantly enhanced this process. AnxA6 changed its location from the cytosol to the secretory granules and early endosomes which seem to represent membranous targets for annexin. In conclusion, AnxA6 is sensitive to variations in intracellular [Ca2+] upon stimulation of Jurkat T cells, as manifested by a switch in its intracellular localization from the cytosol to vesicular structures located in close proximity to the plasma membrane, suggestive of participation of AnxA6 in calcium- and proton-dependent secretion of cytokines by lymphocytes.

13

PERSPECTIVE FOR THE USE OF CHITIN MINERAL FOOD ADDITIVES IN THE TECHNOLOGY OF HARD-SMOKED SAUSAGES

75%

Kuprina E. E., Murashev S. V., Gorlach E. A., Abramzon V. V., Demidov P. I., Grishina E. S., Kostyleva A. K., Treydenfeld D. S.

Progress on Chemistry and Application of Chitin and its Derivatives

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2019

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vol. 24

96 - 105

EN

The problem of calcium deficiency in the diet of modern man is well known. Calcium deficiency can lead to osteoporosis and frequent bone fractures, rickets, skeletal muscle cramps, thrombosis, hypertension, allergies, and rectal cancer, etc. There is also a shortage of dietary fibre due to excessive refined products. This problem is proposed to be solved by the manufacture of a functional food product-dry-cured sausage, with the addition of biologically active chitin-mineral food supplement “Hizitel” based on dietary fibre.Thefood supplementwasobtained by processing the shell-containing raw materials in the electrolyser. The selected method does not provide for the use of aggressive substances, thereby preserving the native structure of the chitin–mineral complex of the shell. The effect of the concentration of chitin–mineral food supplement in dry-cured sausage on the acidity and solid content in the product has been studied. The optimal concentration of added hizitel has been determined to prolong the shelf life and enrich the product with minerals and vitamins.

14

Dissolution behavior and cell compatibility of alkali-free MgO-CaO-SrO-TiO2-P2O5glasses for biomedical applications

75%

Lee S., Obata A., Brauer D. S., Kasuga T.

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issue 1

EN

Owing to their controlled solubility, phosphate invert glasses are of interest for use as temporary implant materials or tissue engineering scaffolds for controlled ion release.MgO-CaO-SrO-TiO2-P2O5 invert glasses were prepared and their dissolution behavior and cell response were examined.MgO addition to the phosphate invert glass system improved glass formation, owing to the relatively large field strength of Mg2+ ions. In osteoblastlike MC3T3-E1 cell culture tests, cell numbers on the invert glasses were significantly larger compared with the control, possibly caused by the release of Mg2+ ions promoting enhanced cell adhesion and proliferation. Alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity varied with glass composition, with higher strontium for calcium substitution (33 to 100%) showing highest ALP activity. This effect may be caused by the release of strontium ions from the glasses.

15

Regulation of subcellular localization of muscle FBPase in cardiomyocytes. The decisive role of calcium ions

75%

Majkowski M., Wypych D., Pomorski P., Dzugaj A.

Acta Biochimica Polonica

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2010

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vol. 57

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issue 4

597-605

EN

Glyconeogenesis, the synthesis of glycogen from carbohydrate precursors like lactate, seems to be an important pathway participating in replenishing glycogen in cardiomyocytes. Fructose-1,6-bisphosphatase (FBPase), an indispensible enzyme of glyconeogenesis, has been found in cardiomyocytes on the Z-line, in the nuclei and in the intercalated discs. Glyconeogenesis may proceed only when FBPase accumulates on the Z-line. Searching for the mechanism of a FBPase regulation we investigated the effects of the calcium ionophore A23187, a muscle relaxant dantrolene, glucagon, insulin and medium without glucose on the subcellular localization of this enzyme in primary culture of neonatal rat cardiomyocytes. Immunofluorescence was used for protein localization and the intracellular calcium concentration was measured with Fura. We found that the concentration of calcium ions was the decisive factor determining the localization of muscle FBPase on the Z-line. Calcium ions had no effect on the localization of the enzyme in the intercalated discs or in the nuclei, but accumulation of FBPase in the nuclei was induced by insulin.

16

ICP slurry introduction for simple and rapid determination of Pb, Mg and Ca in plant roots

75%

Barałkiewicz D., Kanecka-Hanc A., Gramowska H.

Open Chemistry

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2007

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vol. 5

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issue 4

1148-1157

EN

Pb, Mg and Ca were simultaneously determined in plant roots by slurry introduction into inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectrometry (SS-ICP-OES). Slurries were prepared in 0.5% or 5% (v/v) HNO3 with 0.5, or 5% (v/v) Triton X-100. Omission of the Triton X-100 improved results. Compared with wet ashing of the root sample followed by ICP-OES, ICP-MS and FAAS, the method offers: comparable results, simplification of sample preparation, less sample contamination, and reduction in the use of dangerous and corrosive reagents. The precisions varied: 1.7% for Mg, 2.8% for Ca and 4.3% for Pb, and were not significantly different (95% confidence level) from those of conventional analysis. [...]

17

Conformational destabilization of Bacillus licheniformis α-amylase induced by lysine modification and calcium depletion

75%

Tan C. Y., Rahman R. N. Z. B. R. A., Kadir H. A., Tayyab S.

Acta Biochimica Polonica

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2011

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vol. 58

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issue 3

405-412

EN

Bacillus licheniformis α-amylase (BLA) was chemically modified using 100-fold molar excess of succinic anhydride over protein or 0.66 M potassium cyanate to obtain 42 % succinylated and 81 % carbamylated BLAs. Size and charge homogeneity of modified preparations was established by Sephacryl S-200 HR gel chromatography and polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. Conformational alteration in these preparations was evident by the larger Stokes radii (3.40 nm for carbamylated and 3.34 nm for succinylated BLAs) compared to 2.43 nm obtained for native BLA. Urea denaturation results using mean residue ellipticity (MRE) as a probe also showed conformational destabilization based on the early start of transition as well as ΔGDH2O values obtained for both modified derivatives and Ca-depleted BLA. Decrease in ΔGDH2O value from 5,930 cal/mol (for native BLA) to 3,957 cal/mol (for succinylated BLA), 3,336 cal/mol (for carbamylated BLA) and 3,430 cal/mol for Ca-depleted BLA suggested reduced conformational stability upon modification of amino groups of BLA or depletion of calcium. Since both succinylation and carbamylation reactions abolish the positive charge on amino groups (both α- and ε- amino), the decrease in conformational stability can be ascribed to the disruption of salt bridges present in the protein which might have released the intrinsic calcium from its binding site.

18

Amyloid beta enhances cytosolic phospholipase A2 level and arachidonic acid release via nitric oxide in APP-transfected PC12 cells

63%

Chalimoniuk M., Stolecka A., Cąkała M., Hauptmann S., Schulz K., Lipka U., Leuner K., Eckert A., Muller W. E., Strosznajder J. B.

Acta Biochimica Polonica

|

2007

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vol. 54

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issue 3

611-623

EN

Cytosolic phospholipase A2 (cPLA2) preferentially liberates arachidonic acid (AA), which is known to be elevated in Alzheimer's disease (AD). The aim of this study was to investigate the possible relationship between enhanced nitric oxide (NO) generation observed in AD and cPLA2 protein level, phosphorylation, and AA release in rat pheochromocytoma cell lines (PC12) differing in amyloid beta secretion. PC12 control cells, PC12 cells bearing the Swedish double mutation in amyloid beta precursor protein (APPsw), and PC12 cells transfected with human APP (APPwt) were used. The transfected APPwt and APPsw PC12 cells showed an about 2.8- and 4.8-fold increase of amyloid β (Aβ) secretion comparing to control PC12 cells. An increase of NO synthase activity, cGMP and free radical levels in APPsw and APPwt PC12 cells was observed. cPLA2 protein level was higher in APPsw and APPwt PC12 cells comparing to PC12 cells. Moreover, phosphorylated cPLA2 protein level and [3H]AA release were also higher in APP-transfected PC12 cells than in the control PC12 cells. An NO donor, sodium nitroprusside, stimulated [3H]AA release from prelabeled cells. The highest NO-induced AA release was observed in control PC12 cells, the effect in the other cell lines being statistically insignificant. Inhibition of cPLA2 by AACOCF3 significantly decreased the AA release. Inhibitors of nNOS and γ-secretase reduced AA release in APPsw and APPwt PC12 cells. The basal cytosolic [Ca2+]i and mitochondrial Ca2+ concentration was not changed in all investigated cell lines. Stimulation with thapsigargin increased the cytosolic and mitochondrial Ca2+ level, activated NOS and stimulated AA release in APP-transfected PC12 cells. These results indicate that Aβ peptides enhance the protein level and phosphorylation of cPLA2 and AA release by the NO signaling pathway.

19

Pielęgniarska ocena wpływu operacji tarczycy na poziom wapnia u pacjentów po wykonanym zabiegu

63%

Małecka B., Wojciechowska W., Zielińska E.

Innowacje w Pielęgniarstwie i Naukach o Zdrowiu

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2021

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vol. 6

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issue 1

37-49

EN

Introduction. Thyroid diseases affect about 20% of Poles, the disease is more common in women than in men. About 20,000 procedures of this type are performed in Poland every year. Surgery is a very difficult situation for every patient. Related to this is feeling anxious and anxious. A nurse is a person who has direct and most frequent contact with a patient. It is able to detect any irregularities, which allows for a quick reaction and taking appropriate actions. Aim of the study. The aim of the study was to analyze the difference in calcium levels before and after thyroid surgery. Material and methods. The method of documentation analysis was used to conduct the research. The analyzed medical documentation concerned 100 patients after thyroidectomy . The results were statistically analyzed test x 2 for independent samples. The research material was divided into 5 areas: occurrence of a decrease in calcium after thyroid surgery, accompanying symptoms in the case of a decrease in calcium, occurrence of tetany symptoms after surgery, treatment with calcium preparations after surgery to remove the thyroid gland, and the influence of calcium levels on hospitalization time. Results. In the area of occurrence of a decrease in calcium after thyroid surgery, a significant decrease was observed. In the area of symptoms that occurred during the decrease in calcium, it was noticed that 86% of the operated patients did not experience any symptoms associated with the decrease in calcium. In the analysis of the area of tetany symptoms occurrence after surgery, no postoperative complications occurred among 72% of patients. In the area of treatment with calcium preparations, 25% of people required calcium supplementation after surgery, while 75% did not require calcium supplementation. In terms of the influence of calcium levels on hospitalization time, most of the patients, 74%, were hospitalized for less than 5 days after the surgery. Conclusions. 1. Lower calcium levels were observed after thyroidectomy. 2. The development of hypocalcaemia is characterized primarily by a tingling sensation around the mouth and hands, as well as muscle spasm and numbness in the limbs. 3. Despite the decrease in calcium, not all postoperative patients develop symptoms for this reason. 4. Supplementation with calcium preparations requires only some of the operated patients. 5. Along with the decrease in calcium levels, the hospitalization time after the thyroid gland removal procedure increases.

PL

Wstęp. Choroby tarczycy dotyczą około 20% Polaków, częściej schorzenie to występuje u kobiet niż mężczyzn. W skali roku w Polsce wykonuje się około 20 tysięcy zabiegów tego typu. Zabieg operacyjny jest sytuacją bardzo trudną dla każdego pacjenta. Wiąże się z tym odczuwanie lęku i niepokoju. Pielęgniarka to osoba, która ma bezpośredni i najczęstszy kontakt z pacjentem. Jest w stanie wykryć zaistniałe nieprawidłowości, co pozwala na szybką reakcję i podjęcie odpowiednich działań. Cel. Celem badań była analiza różnicy poziomu wapnia przed i po zabiegu operacyjnym tarczycy. Materiał i metody. Do przeprowadzenia badań wykorzystano metodę analizy dokumentacji. Przeanalizowana dokumentacja medyczna dotyczyła 100 pacjentów po tyreoidektomii. Uzyskane wyniki badań poddano analizie statystycznej testem χ2 dla prób niezależnych. Materiał badawczy podzielono na 5 obszarów: występowanie spadku wapnia po zabiegu operacji tarczycy, objawy towarzyszące w przypadku spadku wapnia, występowanie objawów tężyczki po zabiegu operacyjny, leczenie preparatami wapnia po operacji usunięcia tarczycy oraz wpływu poziomu wapnia na czas hospitalizacji. Wyniki. W obszarze występowania spadku wapnia po operacji tarczycy zaobserwowano znaczny spadek. W obszarze objawów jakie pojawiły się podczas spadku wapnia zauważono, że 86% operowanych nie odczuwało żadnych objawów towarzyszących spadkowi wapnia. W analizie obszaru występowania objawów tężyczki po zabiegu wśród 72% pacjentów nie wystąpiły powikłania pooperacyjne. W obszarze leczenie preparatami wapnia 25% osób wymagało suplementacji wapnia po zabiegu operacyjnym, natomiast 75% nie wymagało suplementacji wapnia. W obszarze wpływu poziomu wapnia na czas hospitalizacji większość chorych, bo 74 % była hospitalizowana po zabiegu operacyjnym mniej niż 5 dni. Wnioski. 1. Po tyreoidektomii zaobserwowano niższe poziomy wapnia. 2. Wystąpienie hipokalcemii charakteryzuję się przede wszystkim uczuciem mrowienia w okolicy ust, rąk oraz skurczem mięśni i drętwieniem kończyn. 3. Pomimo spadku wapnia nie u wszystkich pacjentów po operacji występują z tego powodu objawy. 4. Suplementacji preparatami wapnia wymaga tylko część pacjentów operowanych. 5. Wraz ze spadkiem poziomu wapnia wydłuża się czas hospitalizacji po zabiegu usunięcia gruczołu tarczowego.

20

Struktura i funkcje białka Klotho

51%

Szymczak A., Forma E.

Folia Medica Lodziensia

|

2012

|

vol. 39

|

issue 2

151-187

EN

Klotho gene was identified in 1997, and named after a Greek goddess Klotho, who spun the thread of life. The inactivation of Klotho gene in mice leads to a syndrome resembling aging, whereas the overexpression of Klotho extends their life span. Protein Klotho exists in two forms: membrane and secreted Klotho which play different functions. The highest expression of transmembrane form of Klotho is observed in the kidney and choroid plexus in the brain. The transmembran form of Klotho acts as a coreceptor for fibroblast growth factor 23 (FGF23) and regulates phosphate homeostasis band vitamin D metabolism. The secreted form of Klotho, which was detected in plasma, cerebrospinal fluid and urine functions as a humoral factor that regulates the activity of several ion channels, transporters, and growth factor receptors. Moreover, this form of Klotho protein can modify N-glycans of TRPV5 channel and regulate calcium homeostasis. The secreted Klotho can also inhibit the insulin and insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF-1) pathways. Last data suggest that Klotho can act as a tumor supressor gene. The decrease of Klotho expression was observed in the breast, pancreas, stomach, colon, lung and cervical cancer. Moreover, the decrease of Klotho expression was correlated with the more aggressive phenotype of examined cancers. Downregulation of Klotho gene was associated with CpG hypermethylation of promoter region and histones deacetylation.

PL

Gen Klotho, odkryty został w roku 1997, a jego nazwa wywodzi się od imienia greckiej bogini Klotho, która przędła nić ludzkiego żywota. Myszy z inaktywowanym genem Klotho wykazują cechy przedwczesnego starzenia się, natomiast nadekspresja Klotho skutkuje wydłużeniem czasu ich życia. Białko Klotho występuje w dwóch formach - transbłonowej oraz sekrecyjnej, którym przypisuje się odmienne funkcje. Najwyższą ekspresję transbłonowej formy Klotho obserwuje się w nerkach i splotach naczyniówkowych komór mózgowych. Forma ta, funkcjonuje jako koreceptor dla czynnika wzrostu fibroblastów 23 (FGF23), który uczestniczy w utrzymywaniu homeostazy fosforanowej oraz regulacji metabolizmu witaminy D. Sekrecyjna postać białka, której obecność wykazano w osoczu, płynie mózgowordzeniowym oraz w moczu, funkcjonuje jako czynnik humoralny. Reguluje ona aktywność kanałów jonowych, transporterów błonowych, a także receptorów dla czynników wzrostu. Poprzez modyfikację N-glikanów kanałów TRPV5, Klotho sekrecyjne bierze udział w utrzymywaniu homeostazy jonów wapnia. Ponadto, sekrecyjna postać białka uczestniczy w hamowaniu szlaku insuliny/insulinopodobnego czynnika wzrostu. Ostatnie doniesienia sugerują, iż Klotho spełnia także rolę supresora procesu nowotworzenia. Obniżenie ekspresji genu Klotho wykazano m.in. w raku piersi, trzustki, żołądka, jelita grubego, płuc oraz w raku szyjki macicy. Spadek ekspresji genu Klotho skorelowany jest z bardziej agresywnym fenotypem badanych nowotworów. Wśród mechanizmów leżących u podstaw obniżenia ekspresji Klotho wyróżnia się m.in. hipermetylację wysp CpG w obrębie regionu promotorowego oraz deacetylację histonów.

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