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EN
The aim of the study was to determine the importance of basic professional activities of a trainer in Olympic martial sports, defining the differences between trainers’ opinions and discovering the main groups of activities characteristic for a given martial sport. Methods and Resources. Opinions of 37 trainers with many years of experience in boxing (n=11), Olympic taekwondo (n=13) and wrestling (n=13) were collected via a questionnaire composed of 20 activities, to which respondents allocated a rank from 1 to 4. Results. The most important activities of an Olympic martial sports were managing the technical, tactical and physical preparation of a trainee. Boxing and taekwondo trainers’ opinions were very alike (rsp=0.78; p<0.001). On the other hand, the greatest discrepancies between views were found in taekwondo and wrestling trainers (rsp=0.01; p>0.05). The most important professional activities created various clusters depending on the specifics of a martial sport. Conclusions. Hierarchization of the basic professional activities of a trainer showed consistency in the most important ones, and discrepancies between those defined as less important. Opinions of the trainers in sports similar in terms of the combat techniques were similar. Three martial sports trainers differed in the way they perceived the importance of directing their trainees during sports competitions. The groups of professional activities of a trainer differ between boxing, taekwondo and wrestling.
EN
Physical and special physical fitness of first and second year students which go in for boxing in the process of their physical training during one and two years, respectively, is defined here. The research involved 108 students: 54 students from first year and 54 students from second year, which were tested during the year (at the beginning and at the end). The following types of testing were used: standing long jump, lying dip up for 20 sec and 1 min, speed – 100 m running, endurance – running 3000 m, rope jumping (quantity per 1 min) and special physical fitness was determined by maximum quantity of left and right punches during 15 sec. There positive dynamics and growth of all physical fitness indicators of students who went in for boxing during the first year was defined. The students who went in for boxing for the second year showed better results and their dynamics (in addition to indicators of 100 m running speed).
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Hook to the Chin

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EN
Within historical avant-garde movements from the beginning of the 20th century, a curious taste and fascination for boxing burst out, and developed later into the claim that art must become more similar to boxing, or to sport in general. This fascination with pugilism in the early stage of its popularity on the continent included such charismatic figures of the Parisian avant-garde as Arthur Cravan, who was Oscar Wilde's nephew, a pretty good boxer and an unpredictable organizer of proto-dada outrages and scandals.After WWI, the zenith of artists' and intellectuals' love for boxing was reached in Weimar Germany. One of the well known examples connecting boxing with art was Bertolt Brecht with his statement that we need more good sport in theatre. His and other German avant-garde artists' admiration for boxing included the German boxing star May Schmeling, who was, at least until he lost his defending championship match against Joe Louis, an icon of the Nazis as well. Quite contrary to some later approaches in philosophy of sport, which compared sport with an elite art institution, Brecht's fascination with boxing took its anti-elitist and anti-institutional capacities as an example for art's renewal.To examine why and how Brecht included boxing in his theatre and his theory of theatre, we have to take into account two pairs of phenomena: sport vs. physical culture, and avant-garde theatre vs. bourgeois drama. At the same time, it is important to notice that sport, as something of Anglo-Saxon origin, and especially boxing, which became popular on the European continent in its American version, were admired by Brecht and by other avant-garde artists for their masculine power and energy. The energy in theatre, however, was needed to disrupt its cheap fictionality and introduce dialectical imagination of Verfremdungseffect (V-effect, or distancing effect). This was "a hook to the chin" of institutionalized art and of collective disciplinary morality of German tradition.
PL
Wstęp. W pracy poszukiwano fizycznych wyróżników jakimi charakteryzowali się najbardziej utytułowani zawodnicy polskiej kadry narodowej seniorów. Materiał i metody. 13 zawodników kadry narodowej seniorów w średnim wieku i masie ciała. Wykonano test FMS, CMJ, rzut piłką lekarską 3 kg, bieg wahadłowy 1200 m. Wyniki. Analiza statystyczna badanych zmiennych biomechanicznych oraz wyników podczas Mistrzostw Polski Seniorów oraz roczną listą rankingową nie wykazała istotnej zależności. Wnioski. Brak jednoznacznego fizycznego wskaźnika może świadczyć, iż determinantów sukcesu sportowego należy szukać także w innych cechach zawodnika. Z drugiej strony niewielka liczebność próbki odpowiada za brak istotności statystycznej. Odpowiedni poziom zdolności fizycznych może pozwolić na efektywne wykorzystanie szerokiego potencjału sportowca, ale nie jest jedynym i decydującym czynnikiem wpływającym na sukces w boksie.
EN
Background. The aim of the study was to find physical discriminants in Polish senior league elite boxers Material and methods. 13 competitors from the senior national team of average age and body mass participated in the study. The applied methods of assessment included FMS and CMJ tests, 3kg medicine ball throw and 1200m shuttle run. Results. Statistical analysis of the studied biomechanical variables compared with the results of the Polish Senior Championships and the yearly rank list did not reveal any significant correlation. Conclusions. The lack of a clear physical indicator may indicate that the determinants of success in sports depend on other competitors’ traits. On the other hand, the small sample size may be the reason of the lack of statistical significance. An adequate level of physical capacities may allow effective use of the athlete’s vast potential, however, it is not the only decisive factor affecting success in boxing.
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