Search results

1

Effects of Ramadan Fasting on Body Composition, Aerobic Performance and Lactate, Heart Rate and Perceptual Responses in Young Soccer Players

100%

Güvenç A.

Journal of Human Kinetics

|

2011

|

vol. 29

79-91

EN

The purpose of this study was to examine the effects of Ramadan fasting on body composition, aerobic exercise performance and blood lactate, heart rate and perceived exertion in regularly trained young soccer players. Sixteen male soccer players participated in this study. Mean age, stature, body mass and training age of the players were 17.4±1.2 years, 175.4±3.6 cm, 69.6±4.3 kg and 5.1±1.3 years, respectively. During the Ramadan period, all subjects voluntarily chose to follow the fasting guidelines and abstained from eating and drinking from sunrise to sunset. Body composition, hydration status, dietary intake and sleep duration were assessed on four occasions: before Ramadan, at the beginning of Ramadan, at the end of Ramadan and 2 weeks after the end of Ramadan. On each occasion, aerobic exercise performance and blood lactate, heart rate and rating of perceived exertion responses of players were also determined during an incremental running test. Repeated measures of ANOVA revealed that body mass, percentage of body fat, fat-free mass, hydration status, daily sleeping time and daily energy and macronutrient intake of players did not vary significantly throughout the study period (p>0.05). However, players experienced a small but significant decrease in skinfold thicknesses over the course of the study (p<0.05). Although ratings of perceived exertion at submaximal workloads increased during Ramadan (p<0.05), blood lactate and heart rate responses had decreased by the end of Ramadan (p<0.05). In line with these changes, peak running performance and running velocity at anaerobic threshold also improved by the end of Ramadan (p<0.05). Improvements in aerobic exercise performance with time were probably due to the effects of pre-season training program that was performed after the break of the fast (Iftar) during the month of Ramadan. The results of the present study suggest that if regular training regimen, body fluid balance, daily energy intake and sleep duration are maintained as before Ramadan, Ramadan fasting does not have detrimental effects on aerobic exercise performance or body composition in young soccer players.

2

USE OF THERMAL IMAGING IN THE EVALUATION OF BODY SURFACE TEMPERATURE IN VARIOUS PHYSIOLOGICA L STATES IN PATIENTS WITH DIFFERENT BODY COMPOSITIONS AND VARYING LEVELS OF PHYSICAL ACTIVITY

100%

Chudecka M.

Central European Journal of Sport Sciences and Medicine

|

2013

|

vol. 2

|

issue 2

15-20

EN

This is a review of thermal imaging methods used for the measurement of body surface temperatures, including the most important medical applications, papers on thermal maps of people with various body compositions, and the applicability of thermal imaging in sport training.

3

Changes in Body Composition after Endurance Training and Triathlon Competition

100%

Puggina E., Machado D., Borges G., Barbanti V.

Human Movement

|

2011

|

vol. 12

|

issue 4

361-366

EN

Purpose. The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of training and triathlon competition on anthropometry, plasmatic free fatty acids (FFA) and hydration status. Methods. Twelve male triathletes were submitted to a 12-week training program to compete in the "32° Pirassununga Half Ironman". Anthropometric measurements such as skinfold thickness and bioelectrical impedance (BIA) as well as urine and blood samples were collected at three intervals: at the beginning of the training program (M-1), before (M-2) and after competition (M-3). FFA were analyzed using a NEFA-C kit. Urine pH and density was determined using reagent tapes and a manual refractometer. Data were analyzed using one-way ANOVA and the Tukey-Kramer post-test (p < 0.05). Results. No differences were found for body mass (M-1 = 71.83, M-2 = 74.22, M-3 = 72.15 kg), percent body fat using skinfolds (M-1 = 10.98, M-2 = 10.92, M-3 = 10.40%), urine density (M-1 = 1.02, M-2 = 1.01, M-3 = 1.02) and urine pH (M-1 = 6.00, M-2 = 5.92, M-3 = 5.35). For BIA and FFA, differences were found after competition (BIA: M-1 = 13.54, M-2 = 13.91, M-3 = 9.45%; FFA: M-1 = 0.16, M-2 = 0.15, M-3 = 1.69 mEq/L). Conclusions. These results illustrate the effects of training and competition on body composition and FFA mobilization. Additionally, after five hours of effort, no evidence of dehydration was found after the race.

4

THE EFFECTS OF A 10-WEEK STEP AEROBICS TRAINING ON VO 2 max, ISOMETRIC STRENGTH AND BODY COMPOSITION OF YOUNG WOMEN

100%

Drobnik-Kozakiewicz I., Sawczyn M., Zarębska A., Kwitniewska A., Szumilewicz A.

|

issue 4

3-9

EN

Health status is partly determined by physical fitness level. Physical fitness can be developed through different physical activities under condition that regularity and intensity are maintained on optimal level. One of such physical activities is step aerobics - one of the most popular collective fitness forms offered in fitness clubs. The objective of this study was to evaluate the influence of step aerobics training on VO2max, isometric strength and body composition of young female students. Female students aged 19-21 of University of Physical Education and Sport in Gdańsk were subjects in this study. VO2max, isometric strength of elbow flexors and knee extensors, as well as body composition, were measured week before and week after a ten-week step aerobics training. For statistical analysis, basic descriptive statistics and student’s t-test were applied for dependent variables. After ten weeks of training there were no statistically significant changes in body composition, probably due to lack of calorie intake control. Significant changes were observed in isometric strength of elbow flexors but no changes in isometric strength of knee extensors. There was a compensation in isometric strength noted between left and right leg after ten weeks of training, where left leg was weaker than the right leg before training. Significant changes were noted in VO2max values, which increased from 42.04 ml/kg/min-1 to 45.71 ml/kg/min-1. Step aerobics training can sufficiently increase VO2max in young females and has a potential in developing strength of upper extremities. When body composition is the main purpose, diet should be taken under consideration.

5

A Comparative Analysis of the Anthropometric Method and Bioelectrical Impedance Analysis on Changes in Body Composition of Female Volleyball Players During the 2010/2011 Season

100%

Buśko K., Lipińska M.

Human Movement

|

2012

|

vol. 13

|

issue 2

127-131

EN

Purpose. The aim of this study was to observe the changes in body composition by using two measurement methods - anthropometric analysis and bioelectrical impedance analysis (BIA) - on a group female volleyball players and to compare the results of both methods. Methods. Eleven female volleyball players participated in this study during the 2010/2011 season. Measurements of body composition were performed with an electronic body composition analyzer (BIA method) adjusted for STANDARD physical activity levels and then using the anthropometric method as per Piechaczek's formula. Total lean body mass (LBM), total body fat content (FAT) and body water content were measured. Measurements were taken before preseason training (Measurement 0), one week before the end of preseason training (Measurement 1), after the first (Measurement 2) and the second (Measurement 3) half of the competitive season and four weeks after the seasons' playoffs during the offseason (Measurement 4). Additionally, during Measurement 4, body composition measured by the BIA method was adjusted for ATHLETIC physical activity levels. Results. Body mass, lean body mass and body water content did not change throughout the analyzed period. Body fat mass, as determined by BIASTANDARD, increased from 20.7 ± 5.3 kg (Measurement 0) to 22.2 ± 5.0 kg (Measurement 1) but subsequently decreased to 21.2 ± 5.7 kg (Measurement 2) and remained at this level until the end of the competitive season. In the case of body fat as measured by the anthropometric method, a significant increase in fat was observed from 18.4 ± 3.0 kg to 19.3 ± 3.4 kg and then from 19.5 ± 3.5 kg to 19.8 ± 3.6 kg. Analysis of LBM and FAT values found significant differences between the values obtained using the BIA method at the ATHLETIC physical activity level and the results registered at the STANDARD level and those recorded by use of the anthropometric method. Conclusions. The results obtained using the BIA method set at the STANDARD mode of physical activity and those by the anthropometric method did not significantly differ. Significant correlation between the values obtained by the BIA method and anthropometric method was found.

6

Why is it important to monitor the diet of overweight patients with depressive disorders?

100%

Stefańska E., Wendołowicz A., Cwalina U., Kowzan U., Konarzewska B., Szulc A., Ostrowska L.

Archives of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy

|

2014

|

vol. 16

|

issue 4

47-55

EN

Introduction. Studies on the dietary habits of depressive patients demonstrate frequent deviation result- ing in the development of many diseases. Purpose. The aim of the study was to assess the efficacy of weight reduction diet in patients with depres- sive disorders, including the assessment of changes in the intake of major nutrients that may promote al- terations in body composition during a three-month observation. Methods. The study included 77 people with excessive body weight (45 women and 32 men; average age of women 49.3±10.3 years and men 47.1± 1.2 years) treated for recurrent depressive disorders and being on a 3-month weight reduction diet. The study patients underwent anthropometric measurements and their body composition was determined with electric bio-impedance. Results. Mean weight loss in women was 2.7±2.5kg, and in men 2.0±5.6kg. There was a decrease in fat mass in women by an average of 1.8±5.7kg and in men by 1.3±7.1kg. A statistically significant reduc- tion was reported in the mean waist circumference (3.8±3.7cm) and hips (2.0 ± 1.9cm) among women. Diet modification brought a decrease in the energy value of daily diet and reduction in the supply of ma- cronutrients. Conclusions. The long-term effect of the nutritional therapy indicates the need for intensified dietary ed- ucation, both in terms of the number of dietary trainings and intensive cooperation between patient and dietician for proper selection of food products. The cooperation should not only be related to diet correc- tion, but is also expected to motivate physical activity and lifestyle changes.

7

Evaluation of Accuracy of the Body Composition Measurements by the BIA Method

100%

Kutáč P., Gajda V.

Human Movement

|

2011

|

vol. 12

|

issue 1

41-45

EN

Purpose. The main purpose of this study is to verify the accuracy of body composition measurements by the BIA method, using TANITA 418 MA unit. Basic procedures. For purposes of our study we decided to use the type-A uncertainty evaluation method (statistical processing of measured data). To formulate diagnostic error for the BIA method we used typical (standard) error of measurement from differences between pairs of repeated measurements - which is in principle a mean error of the test. The research was carried out on a group of 10 students whose field of study is physical education and sport. These students were chosen from the total number of 74 students in such a way that they represent as wide range of fat fraction as possible. Representation of their fat fraction oscillated between 9.0 to 31.2% of body fat. Input value of body fat, which was the basic criterion for selection of students to the measurement etalon, was determined by the DEXA method. Main findings. We described the uncertainty (type A) in selected file of etalons by an average value and by a standard deviation in percentage of fat: 0.13 ± 0.05. A diagnostic error of the method expressed by means of typical (standard) error of measurement was 0.38% of body fat. Conclusion. Considering the detected values of uncertainty (type A) and of typical error of measurement, we can conclude that measurement of body composition by the BIA method using TANITA 418 MA unit is sufficiently accurate for requirements of practical use. The necessary condition for the above mentioned measurement accuracy is a strict observance of standard measurement conditions.

8

BODY STRUCTURE AND COMPOSITION OF CANOEISTS AND KAYAKERS: ANALYSIS OF JUNIOR AND TEENAGE POLISH NATIONAL CANOEING TEAM

100%

Hagner-Derengowska M., Hagner W., Zubrzycki I., Krakowiak H., Słomko W., Dzierżanowski M., Rakowski A., Wiącek-Zubrzycka M.

Biology of Sport

|

2014

|

vol. 31

|

issue 4

323-326

EN

The somatic build, biological age, general state of health, mental predisposition and physical fitness are the criteria for selection of individuals in competitive sport. The present study aims to analys the differences in body structure and composition of canoeists and kayakers and derive conclusions regarding the criteria for selection of individuals incompetitive sport. The research was conducted on a group of 32 men aged between 17 and 22: 16 kayakers and 16 Canadian canoeists of the junior and teenage Polish national canoeing team. Body composition was examined by means of bioelectrical segmental impedance. Body build type was determined using the anthropometric Heath-Carter method. Statistical analysis was performed using the Welch t-test. The examination of morphological features reveals significant differences in the studied parameters between the canoeists and kayakers. There are also significant differences between competitors of the Sydney 2000 Olympic Games and the studied group. We found that competitive kayakers should be taller than canoeists. The lower part of the body in kayakers is more developed than in canoeists and canoeists are more dehydrated than kayakers.

9

USE OF DIFFERENT METHODS FOR TESTING MORPHOLOGICAL CHARACTERISTICS AND EVALUATION OF BODY TISSUE COMPOSITION OF SWIMMERS

100%

Pietraszewska J., Jakubowski W.

|

EN

Specific characteristics of sport disciplines require their performers to meet certain demands, also those related to body build. A success is conditioned, among other things, by the morphological structure of competitors. For this cause, their somatic features should be taken into consideration in the selection process. The aim of this research was to describe the level of morphological development and body proportions of swimmers in comparison to their non-practicing peers. What is more, different methods were used to evaluate body tissue composition. The research was based on the measurements of 33 swimmers and 36 non-practicing sport males as a control group, with the average training period of 9 years. The subjects ranged from 18 to 23 years of age. The anthropometric features were examined. Two methods, anthropometric and bioelectrical impedance, were used to estimate the amount of body fat. Athletes performing swimming are characterized by the significant body height, long trunk, wide range of arms and highly developed shoulder girdle. Directed and systematic training has an influence on a great development of the upper part of the trunk and a slight decrease in body fat. The observed differences indicate that depth, circumference and mobility of the chest developed in swimming have a positive influence on the respiratory system. Poor differences observed in the amount of fat in the athletes and non-practicing subjects may result from the fact that the body accumulates fat tissue, used as a good thermal insulation.

10

Effects of Growth Hormone Therapy and Physical Exercise on Anaerobic and Aerobic Power, Body Composition, Lipoprotein Profile in Middle Aged Men

100%

Zajâc A., Czuba M., Poprzecki S., Waśkiewicz Z., Cholewa J., Pilch J., Chycki J.

|

EN

Recently growth hormone therapy has been used as an age delaying drug in middle aged men and women as well as in the elderly. Positive effects have been shown in regards to body mass and body composition changes, fat metabolism, bone mineral density and muscle strength. Exercise is a potent physiological stimulus for growth hormone secretion and both aerobic and resistance exercise results in significant, acute serum increases in GH concentration. It is unclear however whether a combination of exercise and hGH therapy further increases physical performance in adults and increases changes in body composition and biochemical variables related to health. For this purpose a group of 15 middle aged men (45,7±5,8 years, 93,2±16,3kg and 183,3±4cm), slightly overweight were randomly divided into an experimental and control groups. Both groups exercised for 3 month, performing 2 aerobic sessions per week and 2 resistance workouts, increasing training loads every two weeks. The experimental group received additionally hGH subcutaneous injections beginning with 0,2 IU daily for the first month and then increasing it to 0,4 and 0,6 IU in successive month. VO2max was evaluated during a progressive ergocycle test to volitional exhaustion, while anaerobic power and capacity were measured during the 30s Wingate test. Additionally body mass and body composition were evaluated as well as the lipoprotein profile and the concentration of chosen anabolic hormones. The results indicate a significant rise in resting concentrations of GH and IGF-1 after the replacement therapy but no additional benefits in regards to aerobic fitness and fat metabolism in comparison to exercise only. A more profound effect was observed in case of anaerobic performance, thus it was concluded that even small doses of hGH stimulated additional protein synthesis following resistance exercise what allowed for significant increases in FFM, anaerobic power (W/kg) and capacity (J/kg) as evaluated obtained during the Wingate test. It was concluded that for a more significant effect of hGH therapy in regards to physical performance greater doses of this hormone have to be used, along with an intensive exercise program.

11

Changes in fatigue and physical function following laparoscopic colonic surgery

100%

Jensen M. B., Nørager C. B., Sommer T., Madsen M. R., Laurberg S.

|

vol. 86

|

issue 2

82-88

EN

The aim of the study was to describe changes in postoperative fatigue, quality of life, physical performance, and body composition in patients undergoing laparoscopic colonic cancer surgery. Material and methods. In a follow-up study from 2009-2011 at two regional hospitals in Denmark we examined 62 patients having a right hemicolectomy ora sigmoid resection performed. The main outcome measures were fatigue level subjectively scored from 1 (“fit”) to 10 (“fatigued”) on a modified visual analogue scale and by objective measurements of hand grip and knee extension strength, work capacity, weight, and lean body mass. Quality of life was assessed using the SF-36 questionnaire and pain using an ordinal scale. Patients were examined preoperatively, 1-2 and 4 weeks postoperatively. Results. Eight patients (13%) were converted to open surgery and the median bleeding (95% confidence interval of the median) was 75 (50-100) ml. One to two weeks after surgery the fatigue level and pain when moving had increased significantly (p=0.0011 and p=0.0002 respectively) and the SF-36 physical component quality of life score decreased (p<0.0001) when compared to preoperatively. However, at 4 weeks postoperatively fatigue level, pain, and quality of life scores were at the preoperative level. There were no significant changes from preoperatively to postoperatively in any of the measures of physical performance, whereas there was a slight reduction in weight and lean body mass after the operation. Conclusions. Laparoscopic colonic cancer surgery was associated with a short lasting increased fatigue and pain and reduced quality of life, but no significant reduction in physical performance after surgery.

12

Characteristics of body tissue composition and functional traits in junior football players

100%

Burdukiewicz A., Chmura J., Pietraszewska J., Andrzejewska J., Stachoń A., Nosal J.

Human Movement

|

2013

|

vol. 14

|

issue 2

96-101

EN

Purpose The aim of this study was to examine the body tissue composition and functional traits of young football players. Methods. Analysis was performed on 23 junior football players. Body mass and height were measured. Bioelectrical impedance was used to assess the players’ body composition (fat mass, muscle mass, body cell mass and extracellular mass). The body mass index, body cell mass index and the extracellular mass/body cell mass ratio were also calculated. Functional traits were assessed by a one-on-one football game in an enclosed space with the objective to score the highest number of goals in a timed setting. Measurements of HRrest, HRmax and heart rate reserve were used to evaluate the efficiency of the subjects’ cardiovascular systems. Results. Insignificant differences in body tissue composition and cardiovascular efficiency were found regardless of what position was played. Overall, forwards were characterised by having the greatest height, the highest level of active body tissue development and the most efficient cardiovascular systems. Defenders were characterised by having larger body build, while midfielders displayed a significantly greater percentage of extracellular mass and EMC in relation to BC M. Conclusions. The results reveal that trends exist in the body tissue composition and cardiovascular efficiency of football players depending on which position they play. These differences reflect the varied physical efforts players perform during a match and should be taken into consideration when designing training programmes.

13

Relationship between Knee Joint Flexor and Extensor Torques and Tissue Components in Young Men

100%

Pietraszewski B., Pietraszewska J., Burdukiewicz A.

Human Movement

|

2009

|

vol. 10

|

issue 1

21-25

EN

Purpose. The purpose of this work was to assess the relationship between muscle torques in the knee joint area and components of tissue composition by means of the bioelectrical impedance method. Basic procedures. 31 male subjects, aged 22-23, participated in the study. Basic morphological parameters, namely: body height (BH), body mass (BM) and somatotype were measured by the usage of Sheldon method modified by Heath and Carter. The body composition was examined using an BIA 101S apparatus by Akern. Torques of the knee joint extensors and flexors of both limbs were measured for joint angles 75° and 30°, respectively. In the statistical report cluster analysis was applied (k-means). Step regression was applied in order to evaluate the relationship between muscle torques and tissue components. Main findings. A significant correlation (r = 0.42 for p ≤ 0.01) between the torques of the knee joint extensors and the entire content of lean body, its metabolically active components (BCM) and muscle mass was observed. Also, a high value of correlation coefficient between extensors and fat mass was noticed. Significant correlations between flexor torque and muscle mass, cell mass and lean body were observed. Conclusions. The results obtained enable us to conclude that the values of muscle torques are significantly connected with the level of development of the tissue components, thus its estimation may be based on the measurement of body components.

14

Effect of Nordic Walking and Water Aerobics Training on Body Composition and the Blood Flow in Lower Extremities in Elderly Women

100%

Jasiński R., Socha M., Sitko L., Kubicka K., Woźniewski M., Sobiech K. A.

Journal of Human Kinetics

|

2015

|

vol. 45

|

issue 1

113-122

EN

Nordic walking and water aerobics are very popular forms of physical activity in the elderly population. The aim of the study was to evaluate the influence of regular health training on the venous blood flow in lower extremities and body composition in women over 50 years old. Twenty-four women of mean age 57.9 (± 3.43) years, randomly divided into three groups (Nordic walking, water aerobics, and non-training), participated in the study. The training lasted 8 weeks, with one-hour sessions twice a week. Dietary habits were not changed. Before and after training vein refilling time and the function of the venous pump of the lower extremities were measured by photoplethysmography. Body composition was determined by bioelectrical impedance. Eight weeks of Nordic walking training improved the venous blood flow in lower extremities and normalized body composition in the direction of reducing chronic venous disorder risk factors. The average values of the refilling time variable (p = 0.04, p = 0.02, respectively) decreased in both the right and the left leg. After training a statistically significant increase in the venous pump function index was found only in the right leg (p = 0.04). A significant increase in fat-free mass, body cell mass and total body water was observed (p = 0.01), whereas body mass, the body mass index, and body fat decreased (p < 0.03). With regard to water aerobic training, no similar changes in the functions of the venous system or body composition were observed.

15

A Comparison of Somatic Variables of Elite Ice Hockey Players from the Czech ELH and Russian KHL

100%

Kutáč P., Sigmund M.

Journal of Human Kinetics

|

2015

|

vol. 45

|

issue 1

187-195

EN

The goals of this study were to evaluate the basic morphological variables of contemporary elite ice hockey players, compare the parameters of players in the top Russian ice hockey league (KHL) with those of the top Czech ice hockey league (ELH), and to evaluate the parameters of players according to their position in the game. The research participants included 30 KHL players (mean age: 27.1 ± 5.1 years) and 25 ELH players (mean age: 26.4 ± 5.8 years). We determined body height, body mass, and body composition (body fat, fat-free mass, segmental fat analysis). All measurements were performed at the end of preseason training. The KHL players had the following anthropometric characteristics: body height 182.97 ± 5.61 cm (forward) and 185.72 ± 3.57 cm (defenseman), body mass 89.70 ± 5.28 kg (forward) and 92.52 ± 4.01 kg (defenseman), body fat 10.76 ± 0.63 kg (forward) and 11.10 ± 0.48 kg (defenseman), fatfree mass 78.94 ± 4.65 kg (forward) and 81.42 ± 3.52 kg (defenseman). The values for ELH players were as follows: body height 182.06 ± 5.93 cm (forward) and 185.88 ± 7.13 cm (defenseman), body mass 88.47 ± 7.06 kg (forward) and 89.36 ± 10.91 kg (defenseman), body fat 12.57 ± 2.89 kg (forward) and 11.91 ± 3.10 kg (defenseman), fat-free mass 75.93 ± 6.54 kg (forward) and 77.46 ± 7.89 kg (defenseman). The results indicate that it is beneficial to ice hockey players to have increased body mass and lower body fat, which leads to higher muscle mass, thus enabling a player to perform at the highest level and meet the specific challenges of the game.

16

Positional Role Differences in the Aerobic and Anaerobic Power of Elite Basketball Players

100%

Pojskić H., Šeparović V., Užičanin E., Muratović M., Mačković S.

Journal of Human Kinetics

|

2015

|

vol. 49

|

issue 1

219-227

EN

The aim of the present study was to compare the aerobic and anaerobic power and capacity of elite male basketball players who played multiple positions. Fifty-five healthy players were divided into the following three different subsamples according to their positional role: guards (n = 22), forwards (n = 19) and centers (n = 14). The following three tests were applied to estimate their aerobic and anaerobic power and capacities: the countermovement jump (CMJ), a multistage shuttle run test and the Running-based Anaerobic Sprint Test (RAST). The obtained data were used to calculate the players’ aerobic and anaerobic power and capacities. To determine the possible differences between the subjects considering their different positions on the court, one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) with the Bonferroni post-hoc test for multiple comparisons was used. The results showed that there was a significant difference between the different groups of players in eleven out of sixteen measured variables. Guards and forwards exhibited greater aerobic and relative values of anaerobic power, allowing shorter recovery times and the ability to repeat high intensity, basketball-specific activities. Centers presented greater values of absolute anaerobic power and capacities, permitting greater force production during discrete tasks. Coaches can use these data to create more individualized strength and conditioning programs for different positional roles.

17

Differentiation of the Body Composition in the Polish National Team Pentathletes

100%

Jagiełło W., Kalina R., Jagiełło M.

Baltic Journal of Health and Physical Activity

|

2011

|

vol. 3

|

issue 2

105-111

EN

Background: Contemporary anthropological research confirms the fact that body composition is one of the elements differentiating athletes from persons not practising sport systematically. The differences in body composition - in many cases even extreme - also regard athletes in the context of the sports discipline they practise.The aim of the study was to determine the properties of body composition of the Polish national team pentathletes in comparison to persons of the same population not practising competitive sport.Material/Methods: The research comprised members of the Polish national team in modern pentathlon (n=10). The subjects were 18-23 (20±1.5) years of age with their body mass from 64 to 80 kg (73.27±6.1) and body height of 172-188 cm (180.11±6.22). The athletes had had 6-13 years (10.38±2.07) of training experience. Students of Warsaw Technical University (Poland) constituted the reference group. Measurements of 20 basic somatic features were made. The following indices were calculated: leanness, Rohrer's, BMI, Manouvrier's and pelvic-shoulder. Body density, total body fat, active tissue, the general body composition profile and internal proportions of the body composition were determined.Results: An analysis of internal proportions of the factors of athletes' body composition revealed differences in particular groups of features. The athletes' overall body size results from greater than mean values of the body height and the average ones of stoutness and the fat content.Conclusions: The proportions of features within the analysed factors proved a significant advantage of the upper limb over the lower one and the significant predominance of the musculature of the forearm.

18

Somatic Build of Rowers in the Period from 1995 to 2005

100%

Forjasz J.

Human Movement

|

2011

|

vol. 12

|

issue 1

46-56

EN

Purpose. The aim of the paper is an attempt to show the sizes of morphological features of rowers, in order to establish the type of body build proper for present requirements of this sports discipline through the determination of morphological features of the greatest importance in rowing including the type of a racing boat. Basic procedures. Analysed material includes competitors practising rowing, who were members of the Polish junior national team in this sports discipline in the period from 1995 to 2005. A group of 31 anthropometric measurements have been analysed; body composition has been measured by the BIA method, including rowing boat categories. Musculature rate for each participant was calculated on the basis of chosen somatic indicators. Collected material has been elaborated with basic statistical methods. Main findings. Rowers are characterized by the significant height of the body, large body mass and a considerably slender figure at the same time. Characteristic features are: trunk with its large length and large circumferences, long upper and lower limbs, shoulders of medium broadness, narrow pelvis, flat chest. Big musculature of upper and lower limbs which classify competitors to the group of thigh-set limbed and the considerable stoutness of the body, expressed with the thickness of skin-adipose folds, with the proportional fat content, are also characteristic features. Analysed teams show the differentiation depending on types of racing boats, with achieving larger mean features by the crew of oars, at the greater proportional participation of the fat in the general body mass. Conclusion. Competitors doing rowing at the high level of sports advancement must accomplish the criteria of morphological build, and the level of these requirements is adapted to the specificity of this sports discipline and types of racing boats.

19

The Relationship Between Body Composition, Anaerobic Performance and Sprint Ability of Amputee Soccer Players

100%

Özkan A., Kayıhan G., Köklü Y., Ergun N., Koz M., Ersöz G., Dellal A.

Journal of Human Kinetics

|

2012

|

vol. 35

|

issue 1

141-146

EN

The purpose of the present study was to investigate the relationship between body composition, anaerobic performance and sprint performance of amputee soccer players. Fifteen amputee soccer players participated in this study voluntarily. Subjects’ height, body weight, body mass index, body fat percentage (Jackson and Pollock formula) and somatotype characteristics (Heath-Carter system) were determined. The sprint performance at 10m, 20m and 30m was evaluated, whereas the counter movement jump (CMJ), relative CMJ (RCMJ), squat jump (SJ) and relative SJ (RSJ) tests were used for the determination of anaerobic performance. The results of the Pearson Product Moment correlation analysis indicated that body composition was significantly correlated with CMJ and SJ (p < 0.01), on the other hand, no measure of body composition was significantly related to the other component (p > 0.05). A significant correlation was found between CMJ, RCMJ, SJ, 10 m, 20 m and 30 m sprint performance (p < 0.05); whereas, in contrast, no measure of body composition was significantly related to the 10 m, 20 m and 30 m sprint performance (p > 0.05). In conclusion, the findings of the present study indicated that sprint performance was described as an essential factor in anaerobic performance whereas body composition and somatotype play a determinant role in anaerobic and sprint performance in amputee soccer players.

20

Body Composition of Female Senior Inhabitants of Biała Podlaska vs Their Physical Activity

100%

Wasiluk A., Saczuk J.

Polish Journal of Sport and Tourism

|

2013

|

vol. 20

|

issue 1

68-72

EN

Introduction. The aim of this study was to analyze body composition of female inhabitants of Biała Podlaska aged 60 years and older and characterized by different levels of physical activity. Material and methods. The study material were results from a survey conducted with 180 female inhabitants of Biała Podlaska aged 60 years and older (x 65.30 ± 4.68). The women were analyzed for body height, body mass, BMI and body composition. Their physical activity was determined using the IPAQ questionnaire and according to results achieved the women were classified into two groups: low physical activity (n=132), and moderate and high physical activity (n=48). The average frequency, duration and weekly energy expenditure of physical activities undertaken by the respondents were estimated in both groups. In addition, a social enquiry was conducted that enabled gathering information on the level of education, marital status and family status of the women. Results achieved were elaborated statistically. Results. The marital status 2 2 (χ2 =11.001, p<0.05) and family status (χ2 = 4.113, p<0.05) of the female senior inhabitants of Biała Podlaska were 2 modifying their physical activity to a greater extent that the educational status did (χ2 = 30.360, p>0.05). In addition, significant correlations were observed between absolute values of tissue components of the body and physical activity of the senior women. The average total energy expenditure in the group with a low physical activity accounted for 236.5 MET, whereas in the group with moderate and high physical activity - for 2255.3 MET. Conclusions. The study demonstrated that not only time devoted to physical activity but also its intensity affected the levels of tissue components. Results achieved in the survey indicate the necessity of continuing studies to examine correlations between body composition and physical activity of older population.

Refine search results

Effects of Ramadan Fasting on Body Composition, Aerobic Performance and Lactate, Heart Rate and Perceptual Responses in Young Soccer Players

USE OF THERMAL IMAGING IN THE EVALUATION OF BODY SURFACE TEMPERATURE IN VARIOUS PHYSIOLOGICA L STATES IN PATIENTS WITH DIFFERENT BODY COMPOSITIONS AND VARYING LEVELS OF PHYSICAL ACTIVITY

Changes in Body Composition after Endurance Training and Triathlon Competition

THE EFFECTS OF A 10-WEEK STEP AEROBICS TRAINING ON VO 2 max, ISOMETRIC STRENGTH AND BODY COMPOSITION OF YOUNG WOMEN

A Comparative Analysis of the Anthropometric Method and Bioelectrical Impedance Analysis on Changes in Body Composition of Female Volleyball Players During the 2010/2011 Season

Why is it important to monitor the diet of overweight patients with depressive disorders?

Evaluation of Accuracy of the Body Composition Measurements by the BIA Method

BODY STRUCTURE AND COMPOSITION OF CANOEISTS AND KAYAKERS: ANALYSIS OF JUNIOR AND TEENAGE POLISH NATIONAL CANOEING TEAM

USE OF DIFFERENT METHODS FOR TESTING MORPHOLOGICAL CHARACTERISTICS AND EVALUATION OF BODY TISSUE COMPOSITION OF SWIMMERS

Effects of Growth Hormone Therapy and Physical Exercise on Anaerobic and Aerobic Power, Body Composition, Lipoprotein Profile in Middle Aged Men

Changes in fatigue and physical function following laparoscopic colonic surgery

Characteristics of body tissue composition and functional traits in junior football players

Relationship between Knee Joint Flexor and Extensor Torques and Tissue Components in Young Men

Effect of Nordic Walking and Water Aerobics Training on Body Composition and the Blood Flow in Lower Extremities in Elderly Women

A Comparison of Somatic Variables of Elite Ice Hockey Players from the Czech ELH and Russian KHL

Positional Role Differences in the Aerobic and Anaerobic Power of Elite Basketball Players

Differentiation of the Body Composition in the Polish National Team Pentathletes

Somatic Build of Rowers in the Period from 1995 to 2005

The Relationship Between Body Composition, Anaerobic Performance and Sprint Ability of Amputee Soccer Players

Body Composition of Female Senior Inhabitants of Biała Podlaska vs Their Physical Activity