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Wykorzystanie komórek nabłonkowych z jamy ustnej w monitoringu biologicznym ludzi

100%
Błaszczyk E., Danuta Mielżyńska-Švach D.
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EN
One of the basic methods for determining the degree of environmental risk posed to humans is identification of harmful substances in various environmental elements (air, water, soil, food). In contrast to environmental monitoring human biological monitoring (HBM) enables the estimation of an absorbed dose, general or localized in a specific organ. HBM enables the assessment of exposure to substances which are absorbed by the body via different exposure pathways and with different contaminant carriers. It is based on the measurement of indicators, the so-called biomarkers, in body fluids (blood, urine, saliva, etc.) or in of exposure, effects and susceptibility. A particularly useful method is determination of adducts, i.e. carcinogenic compounds (or their metabolites) with proteins or DNA, which are markers of exposure. Biomarkers of biological effects are different cytogenetic changes, including micronuclei. These are extranuclear structures containing fragments of chromatin (arising as a result of DNA breaks) or whole chromosomes (damage to the spindle apparatus during mitosis). Up to now most studies on the DNA adduct levels and micronuclei have been conducted in peripheral lymphocytes. At present, studies using blood, especially in children to restricted to ethical aspects, and therefore tests using epithelial cells from the oral cavity have become more popular. Epithelial cells are the main building material of an epithelial tissue which makes up about 60% of all cells of the human body. The main function of the epithelial tissue is covering and lining of the outer and inner surfaces of the body. Epithelium underwent high specialisation in various parts of the human body, which is associated with its structure and function. Human oral cavity is covered by stratified squamous epithelium, which is comprised of cells called keratinocytes. Oral epithelial cells may differentiate in two directions: towards keratinized or nonkeratinized oral epithelia. In this study, based on our past experience and the available literature, research procedures for the collection of oral epithelial cells and their proper preparation for using them both for the analysis of DNA adducts and micronucleus assay are presented.
PL
Jedną z podstawowych metod określania stopnia zagrożenia środowiskowego ludzi jest oznaczenie substancji szkodliwych w poszczególnych elementach środowiska (powietrze, woda, gleba, żywność). W odróżnieniu od monitoringu środowiska – monitoring biologiczny ludzi (HBM) umożliwia oszacowanie wielkości dawki wchłoniętej, ogólnej bądź zlokalizowanej w określonym narządzie. HBM pozwala na ocenę narażenia na substancje, które wchłaniane są do organizmu wszystkimi drogami i z różnych nośników zanieczyszczeń. Polega na pomiarze wskaźników, tzw. biomarkerów w płynach ustrojowych (krew, mocz, ślina, itd.) lub w tkankach i narządach. Biomarkery dzielimy na markery ekspozycji, skutków oraz wrażliwości. Szczególnie przydatną metodą jest oznaczanie adduktów, czyli związków substancji rakotwórczych (lub ich metabolitów) z białkami lub DNA, będących markerem narażenia. Za biomarkery skutków biologicznych uznawane są różne zmiany cytogenetyczne, w tym także obecne w komórkach mikrojądra. Są to struktury pozajądrowe zawierające fragmenty chromatyny (powstałe w skutek pęknięć DNA) lub całe chromosomy (uszkodzenia wrzeciona podziałowego). Większość badań poziomu adduktów DNA i mikrojąder była dotychczas prowadzona w komórkach limfocytów krwi obwodowej. W chwili obecnej prowadzenie badań z wykorzystaniem krwi, zwłaszcza u dzieci jest obostrzone względami bioetycznymi, dlatego zainteresowaniem naukowców zaczęły się cieszyć testy wykorzystujące komórki nabłonkowe z jamy ustnej. Komórki nabłonkowe są głównym budulcem tkanki nabłonkowej, a także stanowią około 60% wszystkich komórek organizmu człowieka. Tkanka nabłonkowa pełni przede wszystkim funkcję okrywającą i wyściełającą zewnętrzne oraz wewnętrzne powierzchnie organizmu. Nabłonek w różnych częściach organizmu człowieka uległ wysokiej specjalizacji, co związane jest z jego budową i pełnioną funkcją. Jamę ustną człowieka jest pokrywa nabłonek wielowarstwowy płaski, który zbudowany jest z komórek określanych jako keratynocyty. Komórki nabłonkowe jamy ustnej mogą podlegać dwóm drogom różnicowania – w kierunku nabłonków rogowaciejących i nierogowaciejących. W niniejszej pracy w oparciu o nasze dotychczasowe doświadczenia oraz dostępną literaturę przedstawiono procedury badawcze zawierające opis poboru komórek nabłonkowych z jamy ustnej oraz przygotowanie go w ten sposób, aby mógł zostać wykorzystany zarówno do analizy adduktów DNA, jak i testu mikrojądrowego.
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THE USE OF NEUTRON ACTIVATION ANALYSIS IN THE BIOMONITORING OF TRACE ELEMENT DEPOSITION IN THE OPOLE PROVINCE

89%
Kłos A., Aleksiayenak Y. A., Ziembik Z., Rajfur M., Jerz D., Wacławek M., Frontasyeva M. V.
Ecological Chemistry and Engineering S
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2013
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vol. 20
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issue 4
677-687
EN
The neutron activation analysis procedure was used to determine the concentration of 42 elements: Na, Mg, Al, Cl, K, Ca, Sc, V, Cr, Mn, Fe, Ni, Co, Zn, As, Se, Br, Rb, Sr, Zr, Nb, Mo, I, Ag, Cd, Sb, Ba, Cs, La, Ce, Nd, Sm, Eu, Tb, Yb, Hf, Ta, W, Au, Hg, Th, and U accumulated in mosses sampled for testing in September and October 2011 in the Opole Province (Southern Poland). Samples of different moss species were collected near the intersections of the grid lines marked on the map of the province. The distance between the points was approximately 20 km. The analysis of the results made it possible to identify the places of increased deposition of element-pollutants and to indicate the potential sources of emission. Factor analysis revealed four components, two of which are of definite anthropogenic origin. The possible sources of elements are local industry and farming, and distant heavy industry complexes. The results have demonstrated the increased content of Cr, Cd, Hg, and U in moss samples collected in agricultural areas located in the southern part of the province. It has been concluded that the industrial areas of Rybnik and Ostrava and Karvina Coal Basin may be the potential source of emission of these elements.
PL
Metodą neutronowej analizy aktywacyjnej oznaczono stężenia 42 pierwiastków: Na, Mg, Al, Cl, K, Ca, Sc, V, Cr, Mn, Fe, Ni, Co, Zn, As, Se, Br, Rb, Sr, Zr, Nb, Mo, I, Ag, Cd, Sb, Ba, Cs, La, Ce, Nd, Sm, Eu, Tb, Yb, Hf, Ta, W, Au, Hg, Th i U, zakumulowanych w mchach pobranych do badań we wrześniu i w październiku 2011 roku na terenie województwa opolskiego (południowa Polska). Próbki różnych gatunków mchów pobierano w bliskiej odległości od miejsc przecięcia linii siatki kartograficznej naniesionych na mapę województwa. Odległości pomiędzy punktami wynosiły ok. 20 km. Analiza wyników badań umożliwiła wskazanie miejsc zwiększonej depozycji zanieczyszczeń wraz ze wskazaniem potencjalnych źródeł ich emisji. Wykazano m.in. zwiększoną zawartość Cr, Cd, Hg i U zakumulowanych w próbkach mchów pobranych do badań na obszarach rolniczych położonych na południu województwa. Stwierdzono, że potencjalnym źródłem emisji mogą być uprzemysłowione tereny Rybnickiego i Ostrawsko-Karwińskiego Zagłębia Węglowego. Badania prowadzono w ramach projektu Environmental studies in the South of Poland using nuclear and related analytical techniques.
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The Use of Water Plants in Biomonitoring And Phytoremediation of Waters Polluted with Heavy Metals

89%
Krems P., Rajfur M., Wacławek M., Kłos A.
Ecological Chemistry and Engineering S
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2013
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vol. 20
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issue 2
353-370
EN
The publication is a synthetic review of many years of research on the possibility of using water plants (macrophytes) to assess pollution of surface waters and the possibility of using the biomass in phytoremediation processes. The results of the research of kinetics and equilibria of heavy metals sorption and desorption conditions were presented in order to repeatedly use the biomass, as well as the research on the influence of abiotic factors on sorption processes. Defence mechanisms of macrophytes, which enable them to vegetate in considerably polluted waters, have been discussed. The results presented herein and carried out in many countries demonstrate that macrophytes can be successfully used in the biomonitoring of water environments and phytoremediation of waters and sewage; however, validation of these procedures requires more detailed research of the mechanisms, which accompany them.
PL
Publikacja jest syntetycznym przeglądem prowadzonych od wielu lat badań, dotyczących możliwości zastosowania roślin wodnych (makrofitów) do oceny zanieczyszczenia wód powierzchniowych oraz możliwości wykorzystania ich biomasy w procesach fitoremediacji. Przedstawiono wyniki badań dotyczących kinetyki i równowag sorpcji metali ciężkich, warunków desorpcji, w celu wielokrotnego wykorzystania biomasy, oraz badań dotyczących wpływu czynników abiotycznych na procesy sorpcji. Omówiono mechanizmy obronne makrofitów, umożliwiające im wegetację w wodach o znacznym zanieczyszczeniu. Zaprezentowane wyniki badań, prowadzonych w wielu krajach świata, wskazują, że makrofity mogą być w przyszłości z powodzeniem wykorzystywane w biomonitoringu środowiska wodnego oraz w fitoremediacji wód i ścieków, przy czym walidacja procedur wymaga dokładniejszego poznania mechanizmów, jakie towarzyszą tym procesom.
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Workers’ dermal and total exposure to metals in biomass-fired power plants

88%
Jumpponen M., Heikkinen P., Rönkkömäki H., Laitinen J.
Biomonitoring
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2015
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vol. 2
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issue 1
EN
The aim of this study was to measure ash removal and maintenance workers’ exposure to metals, and assess the suitability of different methods to evaluate metal exposure during these work tasks. Whole-body samples and hand-washing method were used in workers’ dermal exposure assessment, and biomonitoring methods of metals in total exposure assessment. The greatest levels of Al, Pb, Cd, Cu, S, and Zn on workers’ hands were measured in recycled fuel-fired power plants. The median concentrations of lead on workers’ whole-body samples were 4.5 ng/cm2, 17.0 ng/cm2, 11.3 ng/cm2, and 58.4 ng/cm2 in pellet-, peat-, wood- and recycled fuel-fired power plants, respectively. In recycled fuel-fired power plants, workers’ excretions of Al, Pb, and Mn exceeded the reference values of non-exposed population in 33%, 100%, and 50% of samples, respectively. The dermal exposure results clearly showed that power plant ash can significantly contaminate workers’ hands and bodies. The fact that the workers’ urinary excretions of metals exceeded the reference values proved intake of metals during these work tasks. Biomonitoring methods take into account exposures from different sources and, due to that, they are the most recommended approach for estimating the total metal exposure of workers. Hand-washing and whole body sampling were the most recommendable methods for assessing the protection efficiency of gloves and coveralls.
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The association between use of sunscreens and cosmetics and urinary concentrations of the UV filter ethylhexyl-methoxy cinnamate: A pilot biomonitoring study

75%
Markogiannaki E., Andrianou X. D., Kalyvas C., Andra S. S., Makris K. C.
Biomonitoring
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2014
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vol. 1
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issue 1
EN
Ethylhexyl-methoxy cinnamate (EHMC), an ultraviolet (UV) filter that absorbs solar UVB radiation is frequently used in the formulation of sunscreens and cosmetics. Except for the controlled UV filter application studies, no general population studies on the magnitude and variability of exposures to EHMC exist. Given the widespread use of UV filters in consumer products, a pilot human biomonitoring study was undertaken to: i) determine the concentrations of EHMC in urine samples of young adults, and ii) investigate the association between consumption patterns of selected consumer products and urinary EHMC concentrations. A group of 48 randomlyselected volunteers provided a first morning urine void and a questionnaire on the types and usage patterns of sunscreens and cosmetics was administered to them. Significantly (p=0.006) higher urinary EHMC levels were observed in females, and in users of face sunscreens (p=0.008) and lipsticks (p=0.003). Linear multiple regression analysis showed that the frequency of use of face sunscreens (all year) (p=0.02) and gender (females) (p=0.03) were significant predictors of creatinine-adjusted urinary EHMC levels in the pooled sample, even after adjusting for relevant covariates, such as age, body-mass index and the number of cosmetics used. A larger sample could help us further evaluate the observed trends.
6
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Stress proteins concentration in caged Cyprinus carpio as a tool to monitor ecological stability in a model dam reservoir

75%
Babczyńska A., Tarnawska M., Łaszczyca P., Migula P., Łozowski B., Woźnica A., Irnazarow I., Augustyniak M., Babczyńska A., Tarnawska M., Łaszczyca P., Migula P., Łozowski B., Woźnica A., Irnazarow I., Augustyniak M.
Archives of Environmental Protection
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2021
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vol. 47
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issue 1
7
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Polyarenes accumulation in tundra ecosystem influenced by coal industry of Vorkuta

75%
Yakovleva E., Gabov D., Yakovleva E., Gabov D.
Polish Polar Research
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2020
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vol. 41
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issue 3
8
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Biomonitoring of Inland and Inshore Waters with Use of Dreissena Polymorpha Mussels

75%
Matuszak P., Grodzicki G., Jankowski T., Matlakiewicz P.
Polish Hyperbaric Research
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2015
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vol. 52
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issue 3
49-53
EN
The pollution of water that is used for consumption and in agricultural holdings contributes to an increased mortality rate, inhibition of growth and physiological functions, changes in the DNA (genotoxicity), changes within tissues (cytotoxicity) and organs of individuals who are exposed to chemical components. One of the most dangerous toxin classes which have effect on animals and humans who come into contact with contaminated water is the class of cyanobacterial toxins released by dying cyanobacteria. They contribute to very serious health conditions and also to fatalities. Toxins of this type are relatively difficult to detect on account of their seasonal changeability in blooming. One of the most effective methods of detecting water contamination automatically and continuously is biomonitoring with the use of Dreissena polymorpha mussels.
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Use of Algae in Active Biomonitoring of Surface Waters

75%
Rajfur M., Kłos A.
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issue 4
561-576
EN
Biomonitoring studies have been carried out in three retention reservoirs located in the Opole Province (southern Poland): Turawa reservoir, Nysa reservoir and Otmuchow reservoir. The increases of concentrations of Mn, Fe, Cu, Zn, Cd and Pb in fresh water algae Spirogyra sp. and sea water Palmaria palmata (Linnaeus) Weber & Mohr, exposed in the analysed waters, were determined by the atomic absorption spectrometry method (AAS). Also the waters pH, conductivity and Mn and Fe concentrations were determined. The concentrations of Cu, Zn, Cd and Pb in the analysed waters were lower than the method limit of determination. The analyses were carried out during the period from June to July 2014. The differences between the increases of heavy metal concentrations in the samples of algae found along the coastline were indicated; they result from different distances from the pollution sources, such as sediments or drainage from the areas adjacent to the reservoirs. Better sorption characteristics of Palmaria palmata in comparison to Spirogyra sp. were indicated. An empirical interrelation was also tested, the application of which after modification may enable the quantitative assessment of waters pollution with heavy metals, based on the analysis of the concentration of the element in the algae thallus.
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Application of mosses to identification of emission sources of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons / Wykorzystanie mchów do identyfikacji źródeł emisji wielopierścieniowych węglowodorów aromatycznych

75%
Ciesielczuk T., Olszowski T., Prokop M., Kłos A.
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vol. 19
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issue 4
585-595
EN
The moss Pleurozium schreberi was used to evaluate the emission of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) at Polish cemeteries on the All Saints' Day, when Poles traditionally light candles and candle lamps in memory of the deceased. Moss samples were exposed for 7 days at 4 cemeteries and, for comparison, in a city centre and in a rural area. During exposition, the mean content of 16 monitored PAHs in the samples increased by 455 ng/g at the cemeteries and by 689 ng g-1 in the city centre. In the rural area, the samples showed no statistically significant changes. PAHs whose content increased only in the moss samples exposed at the cemeteries included naphthalene, pyrene, benzo[b]fluoranthene together with benzo[k]fluoranthene, benzo[g,h,i]perylene, indeno[1,2,3-cd]pyrene and dibenzo[a,h]anthracene. The concentrations of other PAHs increased in samples exposed in the city centre and at two cemeteries located in the suburban areas. The results presented confirm the possibility of using mosses in biomonitoring of PAHs.
PL
Mchy Pleurozium schreberi wykorzystano do oceny emisji WWA na cmentarzach podczas Święta Wszystkich Świętych. W Polsce jest to tradycyjny okres pamięci o zmarłych, dla których uczczenia spalane są duże ilości świec i zniczy. Mchy eksponowano przez 7 dni na 4 cmentarzach oraz, dla porównania, w centrum miasta i na terenie wiejskim. W próbkach mchów oznaczano 16 związków z grupy WWA. Po okresie ekspozycji średni przyrost ΣWWA wyniósł: na cmentarzach 455 ng/g i w centrum miasta 689 ng/g. Nie stwierdzono statystycznie istotnych zmian w próbkach eksponowanych na terenie wiejskim. W próbkach eksponowanych na cmentarzach wykazano charakterystyczne przyrosty stężeń: naftalenu, pirenu, sumy benzo[b]fluorantrenu i benzo[k]fluorantrenu, benzo[g,h,i]perylenu, indeno[1,2,3-cd]pirenu i dibenzo[a,h]antracenu. Stwierdzono także proporcjonalne przyrosty stężeń pozostałych WWA w próbkach eksponowanych w centrum miasta oraz na 2 cmentarzach położonych na jego peryferiach. Zaprezentowane wyniki badań potwierdzają opinię o możliwościach zastosowania mchów w biomonitoringu emisji WWA.
11
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Fluoride concentration in teeth of the roe deer (Capreolus capreolus) and red deer (Cervus elaphus) from areas of Poland industrially uncontaminated with fluoride compounds

75%
Palczewska-Komsa M., Barczak K., Grocholewicz K., Buczkowska-Radlińska J., Piotrowski P. R., Sobolewska E., Palczewska-Komsa M., Barczak K., Grocholewicz K., Buczkowska-Radlińska J., Piotrowski P. R., Sobolewska E.
Polish Journal of Veterinary Sciences
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2021
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vol. 24
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issue 1
12
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Elemental accumulation in the black sea brown algae cystoseira studied by neutron activation analysis

71%
Kravtsova A., Milchakova N., Frontasyeva M.
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issue 1
9-23
EN
For the first time the concentration of 26 macro- and microelements (Na, Mg, Al, Cl, K, Ca, Sc, V, Mn, Fe, Co, Ni, Zn, As, Br, Rb, Sr, Sb, I, Cs, Ba, Sm, Nd, Ag, Au, and U) in the thalli of brown algae Cystoseira barbata C. Ag. and Cystoseira crinita (Desf.) Bory was determined by instrumental neutron activation analysis (INAA), Sevastopol region, south-western Crimea, the Black Sea. The observed peculiarities of the elemental accumulation showed that Cystoseira spp. can be used as a biomonitor of coastal waters pollution in the study area.
PL
Po raz pierwszy oznaczono stężenia 26 makro- i mikroelementów (Na, Mg, Al, Cl, K, Ca, Sc, V, Mn, Fe, Co, Ni, Zn, As, Br, Rb, Sr, Sb, I, Cs, Ba, Sm, Nd, Ag, Au i U) w plechach brunatnic Cystoseira barbata C. Ag. i Cystoseira crinita (Desf.) Bory. Stężenia pierwiastków w próbkach czarnomorskich glonów, zebranych w okolicy Sewastopola (południowo-zachodni Krym), oznaczono z wykorzystaniem instrumentalnej neutronowej analizy aktywacyjnej (INAA). Szczególny charakter akumulacji pierwiastków wskazuje, że glony Cystoseira spp. mogą być używane jako biomonitor zanieczyszczenia wód przybrzeżnych na badanym obszarze.
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The Use Of Mosses In Biomonitoring Of Selected Areas In Poland And Spitsbergen In The Years From 1975 To 2014

71%
Kłos A., Bochenek Z., Bjerke J. W., Zagajewski B., Ziółkowski D., Ziembik Z., Rajfur M., Dołhańczuk-Śródka A., Tømmervik H., Krems P., Jerz D., Zielińska M.
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issue 2
201-218
EN
We have compared historical changes in concentrations of the heavy metals Mn, Ni, Cu, Zn, Cd and Pb accumulated in samples from the Polish woodlands of Beskidy and Karkonosze (S, SE Poland) and the north-east regions of the country, versus the relatively little polluted areas of Spitsbergen of the Svalbard Archipelago. We have combined the results from literature with new results from 2014. The regions of Beskidy and Karkonosze were the most exposed to heavy metals deposition. However, from 1975 to 2014 there was a considerable decrease of concentrations of Cu, Zn, Cd and Pb at all Polish sites, clearly signifying improvement of environmental quality. For example, the average Cd concentration in mosses samples collected in Karkonosze decreased from 0.002 mg/g in 1975 to 0.0006 mg/g in 2014. It is interesting to observe relatively large concentrations of nickel in moss samples collected in 2014 in the Svalbard archipelago, in the vicinity of Longyearbyen (average 0.018 mg/g) which most likely originate from local mine waste piles.
14
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Phytocenological approach in biomonitoring of the state of aquatic ecosystems in Ukrainian Polesie

63%
Fedonyuk T. P., Fedoniuk R. H., Zymaroieva A. A., Pazych V. M., Aristarkhova E. O., Fedonyuk T. P., Fedoniuk R. H., Zymaroieva A. A., Pazych V. M., Aristarkhova E. O.
Journal of Water and Land Development
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2020
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issue 44
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Evaluation Of The Usefulness Of Spider Webs As An Air Quality Monitoring Tool For Heavy Metals

63%
Rybak J., Spówka I., Zwoździak A., Fortuna M., Trzepla-Nabagło K.
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issue 3
389-400
EN
The study aims at evaluating whether webs reflect the level of air pollution measured with conventional methods. Webs of species Malthonica silvestris (l. KOCH, 1872) (Araneae: Agelenidae) were sampled. Samples were analyzed for heavy metals (Pb, Zn) content. According webs analyses and classic measurements three traffic-oriented sites in Wroclaw (South-West Poland) showed significantly higher mean concentrations of heavy metals than two other sites situated in quieter, low traffic areas. A very strong significant positive correlation was revealed among average concentrations of Zn and Pb associated with fine particulate matter of atmospheric aerosol (PM1) and webs. We also observed a very strong significant positive correlation among Zn and Pb concentrations on webs and PM2.5. Any significant correlation among PM-emission fractions 2.5 and 10 and associated heavy metals and dust deposited on spider webs was not observed. Although spider webs proved useful indicators of environmental pollution the obtained results suggest that this tool should be used to evaluate the emission of heavy metals in the similar way as other bioindicators such as mosses and lichens are commonly used. The measured concentrations on webs do not reflect results obtained with classic methods. We conclude that spider webs are good for bioindication of road traffic emissions, they could be even more reliable compared to use of some other bioindicators whose activity is often limited by the lack of water and sun.
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