Search results

1

Biodegradation of selected substances used in liquid fertilizers as an element of Life Cycle Assessment

100%

Borowiec M., Huculak M., Hoffmann K., Hoffmann J.

Polish Journal of Chemical Technology

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2009

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vol. 11

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issue 1

1-3

EN

The results of laboratory investigations into the aerobic biodegradation of chelating compounds in water medium under static test conditions are presented. It was found that nitrilotriacetic acid (NTA) and glutamic acid diacetic acid (GLDA) are more readily biodegradable than ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA) commonly used in the production of liquid fertilizers. Biodegradation was evaluated on the basis of compound decay and changes in COD.

2

Polyurethanes used in the endoprosthesis of joints

100%

Domańska A., Boczkowska A., Izydorzak M., Jaegermann Z., Kurzydłowski K.

Polish Journal of Chemical Technology

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2010

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vol. 12

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issue 3

10-14

EN

The aim of the studies presented in this paper was the selection of the polyurethanes synthesized from different substrates in order to obtain i) ceramic - biodegradable polymer composite and ii) polyurethane resistant to abrasive wear. The polyurethanes were obtained from the crystalline prepolymers extended by water, because it may have a beneficial effect on the toxicity of the material. The properties of PUs were investigated using infrared spectroscopy, thermogravimetry, differential scanning calorimetry and scanning electron microscopy. In all the tested polyurethanes the peak from the reactive -NCO groups was not observed, which indicates that all the substrates are fully reacted. Such polyurethanes are characterized by interesting properties with the perspective use as components of ceramic-polymer joints endoprosthesis. The designed endoprosthesis should fulfill at least three functions: load bearing function (ceramic core), fastening and stabilizing endoprosthesis to the bone (composite ceramics - biodegradable polymer) and tribologic function allowing mating with parts of the prosthesis (polyurethane layer resistant to abrasive wear).

3

Supporting the process of removing humic substances on activated carbon

100%

Olesiak P., Stępniak L.

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EN

This study is focused on biosorption process used in water treatment. The process has a number of advantages and a lot of research has been done into its intensification by means of ultrasonic modification of solutions. The study carried out by the authors leads to the conclusion that sonication of organic solutions allows for extension of the time of operation of carbon beds. For the analysis of the results obtained during the sorption of humic substances (HS) from the solution dependencies UV/UV0 or DOC/DOC0 were used. In comparative studies the effectiveness of sorption and sonosorption (UV/UV0) shows that the share of ultrasounds (US) is beneficial for extension of time deposit, both at a flow rate HS solution equal to 1 m/h and 5 m/h. Analysis of the US impact sorption on HS sorption in a biological fluidized bed, both prepared from biopreparat and the activated sludge confirms the higher efficiency compared to sonobiosorption than biosorption. These results confirm the degree of reduction UV254/UV0 and DOC/DOC0 for the same processes. EMS index also confirms the improvement of HSbiodegradation by sludge microorganisms.

4

Biodegradation of bottom sediments of Turawa Lake

100%

Latała A., Wierzba S.

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EN

In this work we tested biopreparations developed in our laboratory for their ability to degrade the organic matter of the bottom sediments of Turawa Lake. The biodegradation was conducted under laboratory conditions for 6 weeks. For the testing purposes, there were three variants of biopreparations that contained autochthonous strains originating from our own collection and their mixture. The testing showed that the introduction of the biopreparations to the bottom sediment resulted in a significant increase of the number of bacteria, which consequently brought about the reduction of organic compounds in the sediment. In the case of all the variants, the number of bacteria increased by order of 102 - 104 CFU/g after 42 days of biodegradation. Among the tested biopreparations, the most effective one was the mixture of the autochthonous strains and those originating from the collection. After biopreparation was applied, a drop of content of carbohydrates by 66.94%, fatty matter by 83.33% and proteins by 74.42% was noted.

5

Investigations on the synthesis and properties of biodegradable poly(ester-carbonate-urea-urethane)s

100%

Mazurek M. M., Rokicki G.

Polish Journal of Chemical Technology

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2013

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vol. 15

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issue 4

80-88

EN

A new method of the synthesis of oligo(tetramethylene succinate-co-carbonate) diols using dimethyl succinate, 1,4-butanediol and tetramethylene bis(methyl carbonate) was elaborated. The resultant oligomerols (Mn = 2600- 3700) were characterized by FTIR, 1H NMR, GPC and DSC analysis. Depending on the content of carbonate units in the polymer molecules, the melting point of the crystalline phase changes significantly. The synthesis of poly(ester-carbonate-urea-urethane)s was carried out with two aliphatic diisocyanates - cyclic IPDI or linear HDI. The resultant products exhibited very good mechanical properties - tensile strength up to 60 MPa and elongation at break about 500%. Preliminary studies confirmed that the presence of ester units in the soft segments as well as lack of crystalline phase significantly enhances the biodegradability of the PUR in comparison to that of polyurethanes based on carbonate oligomers.

6

Biological Regeneration of Liquid Sorbents after Industrial Purification of Outlet Gases

88%

Trusek-Holownia A., Noworyta A.

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vol. 33

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issue 4

667-678

EN

Biological regeneration of water and organic sorbents used in the absorption of hydrophilic and hydrophobic pollutants, respectively, was studied. In both cases biodegradation takes place in a membrane bioreactor. In the case of organic sorbents regeneration of the biodegradation process is integrated with the extraction of a given pollutant to water phase. In experiments carried out in this work, the proposed systems were tested using a strain of Pseudomonas fluorescens. For hydrophilic compounds experiments were performed using alcohols (1-butanol and 2-propanol) as model substrates. Applying the mathematical model of a membrane bioreactor elaborated previously, the values of pollutant concentration were determined and positively verified in the experiments. This system of water sorbent regeneration is fully satisfying. The process of biodegradation integrated with extraction was analysed on the basis of model compounds such as benzene and toluene. The study confirmed a possibility of organic sorbent (silicone oil) regeneration. However, due to a very high partition coefficient of benzene or toluene between the organic and aqueous phases, the process could be considered only for the case of their high concentrations in the gas directed to absorption.

7

Bioavailability of hydrocarbons to bacterial consortia during Triton X-100 mediated biodegradation in aqueous media

88%

Pęziak D., Piotrowska A., Marecik R., Lisiecki P., Woźniak M., Szulc A., Ławniczak Ł., Chrzanowski Ł.

Acta Biochimica Polonica

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2013

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vol. 60

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issue 4

789-793

EN

The aim of our study was to investigate the effect of Triton X-100 on the biodegradation efficiency of hexadecane and phenanthrene carried out by two bacterial consortia. It was established that the tested consortia were not able to directly uptake compounds closed in micelles. It was observed that in micellar systems the nonionic synthetic surfactant was preferentially degraded (the degradation efficiency of Triton X-100 after 21 days was 70% of the initial concentration - 500 mg/l), followed by a lesser decomposition of hydrocarbon released from the micelles (30% for hexadecane and 20% for phenanthrene). However, when hydrocarbons were used as the sole carbon source, 70% of hexadecane and 30% of phenanthrene were degraded. The degradation of the surfactant did not contribute to notable shifts in bacterial community dynamics, as determined by Real-Time PCR. The obtained results suggest that if surfactant-supplementation is to be used as an integral part of a bioremediation process, then possible bioavailability decrease due to entrapment of the contaminant into surfactant micelles should also be taken into consideration, as this phenomenon may have a negative impact on the biodegradation efficiency. Surfactant-induced mobilization of otherwise recalcitrant hydrocarbons may contribute to the spreading of contaminants in the environment and prevent their biodegradation.

8

Pilot study of the influence of thermoplastic starch based polymer packaging material on the growth of diatom population in sea water environment

88%

Guzman A., Janik H., Mastalerz M., Kosakowska A.

Polish Journal of Chemical Technology

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2011

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vol. 13

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issue 2

57-61

EN

Novel polymeric packaging materials susceptible to environmentally friendly decomposition appeared on the global market. The paper is devoted to an investigation of the impact of degradable polymer packaging on marine life. The chosen polymer was a commercial packaging based on thermoplastic starch (TPS over 85%). The microorganism chosen was Phaeodactylum tricornutum diatom (identified in many aquatic reservoirs, with a tendency to flow with seawater plankton in places of great saline oscillation). The packaging material was incubated both in natural seawater and in the presence of diatom population. The chlorophyll a content was determined as the criterion of diatom growth in the presence of tested polymers. The polymer surface and the colour changes in the diatom culture were recorded photographically. The presence of polymeric samples significantly changed the kinetic of diatom growth in seawater during incubation affecting its biological balance. During the experiment in seawater, diatom adhered to polymer surfaces and the polymer stimulated their growth.

9

Determination of biodegradation rate of carrier for microorganism immobilization fabricated based on starch

88%

Tomaszewska-Ciosk E., Golachowski A., Zdybel E.

Polish Journal of Chemical Technology

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2013

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vol. 15

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issue 3

110-114

EN

The study was aimed on the determination of biodegradation rate of extruded starch carriers, with or without immobilized microorganisms in diversified storage conditions. The research was conducted on potato starch, in which Saccharomyces cerevisiae yeast cells were immobilized. Preparations with and without yeasts were than placed for 84 days in the environments of: light soil, heavy soil, compost, water and activated sludge. After 0, 7, 14, 21, 49 and 84 days of storage the preparations were perfused with water and analyzed. In the recovered samples the following tests were carried out: the force causing fracture, the elongation caused by the mentioned force, the mass and the diameter of the carrier. Due to the degradation the size and the mechanical properties of the samples were decreased. The rate of the degradation was strongly dependent on the environment of the storage. The fastest degradation of the carriers were observed for compost and heavy soil, while the slowest biodegradation was observed for the samples placed in the water environment. The rate of biodegradation was also influenced by the Saccharomyces cerevisiae yeasts. The rate of biodegradation was faster in the samples containing yeast cells, than in the extrudates without the microorganisms.

10

An Investigation on the Efficiency of Air Purification Using a Biofilter with Activated Bed of Different Origin

88%

Zagorskis A., Vaiškūnaitė R.

Chemical and Process Engineering

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2014

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vol. 35

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issue 4

435-445

EN

Recent studies in the area of biological air treatment in filters have addressed fundamental key issues, such as a biofilter bed of different origin composed of natural zeolite granules, foam cubes and wood chips. When foam and zeolite are mixed with wood chips to remove volatile organic compounds from the air, not only biological but also adsorption air purification methods are accomplished. The use of complex purification technologies helps to improve the efficiency of a filter as well as the bed service life of the filter bed. Investigations revealed that microorganisms prevailing in biological purification, can also reproduce themselves in biofilter beds of inorganic and synthetic origin composed of natural zeolite and foam. By cultivating associations of spontaneous microorganisms in the filter bed the dependencies of the purification efficiency of filter on the origin, concentration and filtration time of injected pollutants were determined. The highest purification efficiency was obtained when air polluted with acetone vapour was supplied to the equipment at 0.1 m/s of superficial gas velocity. When cleaning air from volatile organic compounds (acetone, toluene and butanol), under the initial pollutant concentration of ~100 mg/m3, the filter efficiency reached 95 %.

11

Biodegradability of the compounds introduced with microelement fertilizers into the environment

75%

Borowiec M., Polańska P., Hoffmann J.

Polish Journal of Chemical Technology

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2007

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vol. 9

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issue 3

38-41

EN

The results of laboratory studies into the oxygen biodegradation of chelating substances in aqueous medium under kinetic and static test conditions with added glucose as an additional source of carbon, are presented. It has been found that S,S-ethylenediaminedisuccinic acid (S,S-EDDS) and methylglycinediacetic acid (MGDA) are more readily degradable than ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA), most commonly used in the production of microelement fertilizers. It has also been found that the presence of additional carbon sources accelerates biodegradation.

12

An Investigation on the Efficiency of Air Purification Using a Biofilter with Activated Bed of Different Origin

75%

Zagorskis A., Vaiškūnaitė R.

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issue 4

13

Biological Regeneration of Liquid Sorbents after Industrial Purification of Outlet Gases

75%

Trusek-Holownia A., Noworyta A.

Chemical and Process Engineering

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2012

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issue 4

14

Evaluation of biodegradability of plastics bags in composting conditions

63%

Vaverková M., Adamcová D., Kotovicová J., Toman F.

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issue 1

45-57

EN

Biodegradation of plastics bags advertised as 100%-degradable or certified as compostable was tested in composting conditions. Samples were placed into frames and inserted into one clamp within the compost pile to investigate the biodegradation. The plastics bags were obtained from chain stores in the Czech Republic and Poland. The shopping bags were made of HDPE with the TDPA additive (sample 2), PP with an addition of pro-oxidants (d2w) (samples 1, 3) and materials certified as compostable (starch, polycaprolactone) (samples 4, 5, 6, 7). Control sample (cellulose filtering paper, sample 8) was to check the potential of biological decomposition in the tested environment. At the end of the 12-week experimental period it was found that the polyethylene samples with the additive (samples 1, 2, 3) had not been decomposed, their colour had not changed and that no degradation neither physical changes had occurred (did not biodegrade). Samples certified as compostable (samples 4, 5, 6, 7) were decomposed. The results at the municipal compost facility demonstrate that the compostable plastics biodegrade and polyethylene samples with the additive did not biodegrade in compost.

PL

Badano biodegradację plastikowych toreb reklamowych ulegających w 100% rozkładowi oraz certyfikowanych jako kompostowalne w warunkach kompostowania. W celu oceny biodegradacji próbki zostały umieszczone w ramach, a następnie w materiale przeznaczonym do kompostowania. Plastikowe torby są dostępne w sieci sklepów w Czechach, jak również w Polsce. Badaniu poddano osiem próbek. Jedną z nich była jednorazowa torba wykonana z folii HDPE z dodatkiem TDPA (próbka 2). Kolejne torby były wykonane z polietylenu z dodatkiem oxo-biodegradacji d2w (próbki 1, 3). Cztery próbki posiadały certyfikat kompostowalności (próbki 4, 5, 6, 7). Próbka ósma była próbką kontrolną (celulozowy papier filtracyjny, próbka 8), która miała na celu sprawdzenie potencjału biologicznego rozkładu badanego środowiska. Test został przeprowadzony w warunkach kompostowni przemysłowej. Pod koniec 13-tygodniowego okresu doświadczalnego stwierdzono, że próbki z polietylenu (próbki 1, 2, 3) nie uległy rozkładowi, ich barwa się nie zmieniła oraz że nie ma zmian fizycznych potwierdzających degradację. Próbki posiadające certyfikat kompostowalności (próbki 4, 5, 6, 7) uległy rozkładowi w różnym stopniu. Z przeprowadzonego doświadczenia wynika, że kompostowalne torby uległy rozkładowi, a torby wykonane z polietylenu z dodatkiem TDPA oraz d2w nie ulegają rozkładowi w kompoście.

15

Initiating Biodegradation of Polyvinylpyrrolidone in an Aqueous Aerobic Environment: Technical Note / Zainicjowanie Biodegradacji Poliwinylopirolidonu W Środowisku Wodno-Tlenowym: Notatki Techniczne

63%

Julinova M., Kupec J., Slavik R., Vaskova M.

Ecological Chemistry and Engineering S

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2013

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vol. 20

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issue 1

199-208

EN

A synthetic polymer, polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP - E 1201) primarily finds applications in the pharmaceutical and food industries due to its resistance and zero toxicity to organisms. After ingestion, the substance passes through the organism unchanged. Consequently, it enters the systems of municipal wastewater treatment plants (WWTP) without decomposing biologically during the waste treatment process, nor does it attach (through sorption) to particles of activated sludge to any significant extent, therefore, it passes through the system of a WWTP, which may cause the substance to accumulate in the natural environment. For this reason the paper investigates the potential to initiate aerobic biodegradation of PVP in the presence of activated sludge from a municipal wastewater treatment plant. The following agents were selected as the initiators of the biodegradation process - co-substrates: acrylamide, N-acethylphenylalanine and 1-methyl-2-pyrrolidone, a substance with a similar structure to PVP monomer. The biodegradability of PVP in the presence of co-substrates was evaluated on the basis of biological oxygen demand (BOD) as determined via a MicroOxymax O2/CO2/CH4 respirometer. The total substrate concentration in the suspension equaled 400 mg·dm-3, with the ratio between PVP and the cosubstrate being 1:1, while the concentration of the dry activated sludge was 500 mg·dm-3. Even though there was no occurrence of a significant increase in the biodegradation of PVP alone in the presence of a co-substrate, acrylamide appeared to be the most effective type of co-substrate. Nevertheless, a recorded decrease in the slope of biodegradation curves over time may indicate that a process of primary decomposition was underway, which involves the production of metabolites that inhibit activated sludge microorganisms. The resulting products are not identified at this stage of experimentation.

PL

Syntetyczny polimer, poliwinylopirolidon (PVP - E 1201), znajduje zastosowanie przede wszystkim w przemyśle farmaceutycznym i spożywczym ze względu na jego odporność i brak toksyczności dla organizmów. Po spożyciu substancja ta przechodzi przez organizm niezmieniona. W związku z tym, że w procesie przetwarzania odpadów w komunalnym systemie oczyszczalni ścieków (OŚ) polimer ten nie ulega rozkładowi biologicznemu ani nie jest znacząco sorbowany w osadzie czynnym, może on gromadzić się w środowisku naturalnym. Ze względu na istnienie tych problemów w artykule przedstawiono możliwości aerobowej inicjacji biodegradacji PVP w obecności osadu czynnego miejskiej oczyszczalni ścieków. Jako inicjatory procesu biodegradacji zostały wybrane następujące środki: kosubstraty, akryloamid, N-acetylofenyloalanina i 1-metylo-2-pirolidon, substancje o strukturze podobnej do monomeru PVP. Biodegradację PVP w obecności kosubstratów oceniano na podstawie biologicznego zapotrzebowania na tlen (BOD), określonego za pomocą respirometru MicroOxymax O2/CO2/CH4. Całkowite stężenie substratu w zawiesinie wynosiło 400 mg · dm-3 dla stosunku PVP i kosubstratu wynoszącego 1:1 oraz dla stężenia suchego osadu czynnego wynoszącego 500 mg · dm-3. Chociaż nawet w tym układzie nie stwierdzono wzrostu biodegradacji samego PVP w obecności kosubstratu, to sam akryloamid okazał się najbardziej efektywnym rodzajem podłoża. Niemniej jednak, zauważony spadek nachylenia krzywych biodegradacji w czasie może wskazywać, że zachodzi proces rozkładu pierwotnego, który wiąże się z produkcją metabolitów hamujących aktywowane mikroorganizmy osadu. Otrzymane produkty nie zostały zidentyfikowane na tym etapie badań.

16

Bioremediation Of A Spent Metalworking Fluid With Auto- And Allochthonous Bacterial Consortia

51%

Kaszycki P., Petryszak P., Supel P.

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issue 2

285-299

EN

Spent mineral oil-based metalworking fluids are waste products of the machining processes and contribute substantially to the global industrial pollution with petroleum oil products. Wastewaters containing oily emulsions are ecologically hazardous and thus a variety of methods have been implemented to prevent these effluents from affecting the natural environment. Most of these methods rely upon physical-chemical treatment and phase separation; however, none of them proved to be effective enough to meet tightening environmental regulations. Therefore, novel technologies need to be elaborated and there is growing interest in implementing biological treatment methods based on microbial bioremediation. In this study an oil/water emulsion obtained from a waste stream of the metal-processing industry was tested for biodegradability of its organic constituents. This liquid waste was found non-toxic to bacterial consortia and was colonized with indigenous microorganisms (approx. 107 cfu · cm−3). The total load of organic content was determined as a chemical oxygen demand (COD) value of 48 200 mg O2 · dm−3. Emulsion treatment was carried out using a threefold wastewater dilution and employing two variants of biostimulated aerobic bacterial communities: (1) uninoculated emulsion, where bioremediation was carried out by the autochthonous bacteria alone, and (2) wastewater samples inoculated with a ZB-01 microbial consortium which served as a source of specialized bacteria for process bioaugmentation. Biodegradation efficiency achieved in a 14-day test was monitored by measuring both the COD parameter and the concentration of high-boiling organic compounds. Both approaches yielded satisfactory results showing significant reduction of the emulsion organic fraction; however, the resultant decrease of wastewater load tended to be more efficient for the case where the process was bioaugmented with the inoculated consortium. Gas chromatography analyses coupled with mass spectrometric detection (GC-MS) confirmed high degradation yields obtained for both cases studied (58 and 71%, respectively) in a 28-day test. It is concluded that oil-based metalworking emulsions can undergo efficient biological treatment under conditions enabling aerobic bacterial proliferation and that xenobiotic biodegradation kinetics can be accelerated by bioaugmenting the process with allochthonous microbial consortia.

Refine search results

Biodegradation of selected substances used in liquid fertilizers as an element of Life Cycle Assessment

Polyurethanes used in the endoprosthesis of joints

Supporting the process of removing humic substances on activated carbon

Biodegradation of bottom sediments of Turawa Lake

Investigations on the synthesis and properties of biodegradable poly(ester-carbonate-urea-urethane)s

Biological Regeneration of Liquid Sorbents after Industrial Purification of Outlet Gases

Bioavailability of hydrocarbons to bacterial consortia during Triton X-100 mediated biodegradation in aqueous media

Pilot study of the influence of thermoplastic starch based polymer packaging material on the growth of diatom population in sea water environment

Determination of biodegradation rate of carrier for microorganism immobilization fabricated based on starch

An Investigation on the Efficiency of Air Purification Using a Biofilter with Activated Bed of Different Origin

Biodegradability of the compounds introduced with microelement fertilizers into the environment

An Investigation on the Efficiency of Air Purification Using a Biofilter with Activated Bed of Different Origin

Biological Regeneration of Liquid Sorbents after Industrial Purification of Outlet Gases

Evaluation of biodegradability of plastics bags in composting conditions

Initiating Biodegradation of Polyvinylpyrrolidone in an Aqueous Aerobic Environment: Technical Note / Zainicjowanie Biodegradacji Poliwinylopirolidonu W Środowisku Wodno-Tlenowym: Notatki Techniczne

Bioremediation Of A Spent Metalworking Fluid With Auto- And Allochthonous Bacterial Consortia