Search results

1

Determination of Strength Exercise Intensities Based on the Load-Power-Velocity Relationship

100%

Jandačka D., Beremlijski P.

Journal of Human Kinetics

|

2011

|

vol. 28

33-44

EN

The velocity of movement and applied load affect the production of mechanical power output and subsequently the extent of the adaptation stimulus in strength exercises. We do not know of any known function describing the relationship of power and velocity and load in the bench press exercise. The objective of the study is to find a function modeling of the relationship of relative velocity, relative load and mechanical power output for the bench press exercise and to determine the intensity zones of the exercise for specifically focused strength training of soccer players. Fifteen highly trained soccer players at the start of a competition period were studied. The subjects of study performed bench presses with the load of 0, 10, 30, 50, 70 and 90% of the predetermined one repetition maximum with maximum possible speed of movement. The mean measured power and velocity for each load (kg) were used to develop a multiple linear regression function which describes the quadratic relationship between the ratio of power (W) to maximum power (W) and the ratios of the load (kg) to one repetition maximum (kg) and the velocity (m•s-1) to maximal velocity (m•s-1). The quadratic function of two variables that modeled the searched relationship explained 74% of measured values in the acceleration phase and 75% of measured values from the entire extent of the positive power movement in the lift. The optimal load for reaching maximum power output suitable for the dynamics effort strength training was 40% of one repetition maximum, while the optimal mean velocity would be 75% of maximal velocity. Moreover, four zones: maximum power, maximum velocity, velocity-power and strength-power were determined on the basis of the regression function.

2

Comparison of Division II College Offensive and Defensive Football Players' Upper Body Strength Across One Repetition Maximum Test and The NFL-225 Test

100%

Agbuga B., Slovak J., Konukman F., Yilmaz I.

Journal of Human Kinetics

|

2009

|

vol. 21

75-82

EN

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness of predicting actual one repetition maximum (1RM) bench press strength from the National Football League (NFL) 225-test in college football players. Forty-one Division II college football players participated in this study. Participants' upper body strength scores were expressed relative to body weight and results were compared across both tests. Mayhew et al. equation was used to predict 1RM. A repeated measures ANOVA and one-way ANOVA was used to compare the groups. The present study found that the Mayhew equation overestimated relative upper body strength of college football players, while high degree of reliability was found between the actual 1RM and the NFL-225 tests [Wilks λ = 0.43, F (1,40) = 53.07, p = 0.000, Eta-squared = 0.57] and the correlation between these two tests was very high (r = 0.94, p<0.001). The present study also found that defensive players were stronger than offensive players when scores were expressed relative to body weight. The finding of this study indicates that the NFL-225 test's applicability may not be identical for all college players. This study elucidates some of the difficulties associated with predicting 1RM. However, while it is difficult to predict 1RM, testing using sub-maximal loads are far less time consuming especially when they involve a large number of athletes. The results of this study should facilitate coaches in choosing the most appropriate strength testing procedure for their programs.

3

Validity of Mechanical Power Output Measurement at Bench Press Exercise

100%

Jandaĉka D., Vaverka F.

Journal of Human Kinetics

|

2009

|

vol. 21

33-40

EN

In sport training and rehabilitation practice, it is usual to use methods of mechanical muscle power output measurement, which are based mainly on indirect force measurement. The aim of this study was to verify the validity of indirect measurement for mechanical muscle power output with bench press exercise. As a criterion of validity, we selected a combination of kinematic and dynamic analyses. Ten men participated in this study. Average age of tested subjects was 28.0 ± 3.4 years. At mechanical power output measurement, these subjects lifted at maximum possible speed loads of 18, 26.5, 39.2 and 47.7 kg. Validity of mechanical power output measurement by means of a method using indirect force measurement was estimated using Spearmen's Correlation Coefficient. Factual significance of differences in average values of power output, force and velocity, measured by a method using indirect force measurement, in comparison to the selected criterion, was evaluated by means of effect of size. Power output measurement method using indirect force measurement showed lower values of force in relation to the criterion in the whole scope of selected loads. Velocity values in the whole scope of selected loads did not show any significant difference between the criterion and the verified method. The mechanical muscle power output measured by the method using indirect force measurement is lower in relation to the criterion, especially in the low scope of loads, where also validity rate was low (R = 0.5).

4

Power production during bench press with different ranges of motion on stable and unstable surfaces

100%

Zemková E., Jeleň M., Ollé G., Vilman T., Hamar D.

Human Movement

|

2013

|

vol. 14

|

issue 4

328-333

EN

Purpose. The study compared power during concentric-only and countermovement (CM) bench press with different ranges of motion (ROM) on a stable and unstable surface. Methods. A group of 22 fit men performed three repetitions of 1) full ROM concentric-only bench press, 2) full ROM CM bench press, 3) half ROM concentric-only bench press, and 4) half ROM CM bench press, on a bench (stable) and Swiss ball (unstable) at 60% 1RM. The FiTRO Dyne Premium system was used to monitor force and velocity and calculate power. Mean values of power during the acceleration and the entire concentric phases were analyzed. Results. No significant differences were found in mean power during concentric-only bench press on the bench and Swiss ball performed at half ROM and full ROM. Likewise, mean power during the concentric phase of half-range CM bench press on the bench and Swiss ball did not differ significantly. However, power values during full-range CM bench press were significantly higher on the bench than on Swiss ball. These differences were even more pronounced for mean power during the acceleration phase of full-range CM bench press on the bench compared with the Swiss ball. Contrary to this, these values did not differ significantly when the barbell was lifted during half ROM bench press on the bench and Swiss ball. Conclusions. Power was significantly lower during full-range CM bench press on the Swiss ball than on the bench, however, values did not differ significantly during stable and unstable half-range CM bench press.

5

Effect of bench press at a specified movement tempo on post-exercise testosterone and cortisol levels

100%

Studencki M., Ignatjeva A., Nitychoruk M., Gołaś A., Smółka W., Maszczyk A.

Physical Activity Review

|

2021

|

vol. 2

|

issue 9

111-119

EN

Body response is a key element of the periodization of any training unit. The main control systems in the human body are the nervous and endocrine systems. The study aims to examine the effect of bench press at a specified movement tempo on post-exercise blood testosterone and cortisol levels. The study involved 16 men (experience in resistance training 5.5 ± 1.3 years, aged 24 ± 2 years, body weight 86.1 ± 7.2 kg, and 1RM 125 ± 17 kg). The first stage of the test focused on determining the maximum force based on a single bench press with the highest possible external load (1RM). The second stage included the main test, i.e. bench press. The participants were asked to perform 5 sets successively, with an external load of 70% of an individual 1RM and as many repetitions as possible. The tempo of the exercise was precisely specified. The metronome was used to set a bench press tempo. The movement tempo included time under tension (TUT) 2/0/2/0. TUT means the total time of muscle tension during one repetition. The tests showed significant changes in cortisol levels recorded 30 minutes after exercise, amounting to 13.75 (±4.60) at F=9.16 and p=0.006. and 60 minutes after exercise, amounting to 11.37 (±4.17) at F=19.46 and p=0.0002. No significant statistical values were found for testosterone levels. This study brings additional evidence of the importance of hormonal responses in muscle strength training.

6

The Effect of Active Recovery on Power Performance During the Bench Press Exercise

100%

Lopes F. A. S., Panissa V. L. G., Julio U. F., Menegon E. M., Franchini E.

Journal of Human Kinetics

|

2014

|

vol. 40

|

issue 1

161-169

EN

The objective of this study was to verify the effect of active and passive recovery on blood lactate concentration and power performance. Twelve male subjects were submitted to a maximal strength test in the the bench press, a maximal aerobic test in the bench step, and to four sets of bench press exercise performed as fast and as long as possible, using 80% of maximal strength when active or passive recovery was performed. The maximum number of repetitions, mean and peak power in eccentric and concentric phases were computed and blood lactate concentration was measured. Comparisons for the variables were made using a two-way variance analysis (recovery type and set numer) with repeated measures in the second factor. When significant differences were detected (p < 0.05), a Tukey post-hoc test was used. There was a main effect of set number on maximum number of repetitions (p < 0.05) (1 > 2, 3, and 4; 2 > 3 and 4; 3 > 4). Mean and peak power in both eccentric and concentric phases also differed across sets (1 > 2, 3, and 4; 2 > 4). There was also a main effect for the recovery type, with lower values (p < 0.05) observed for the active recovery compared to the passive one. It can be concluded that active recovery resulted in lower lactate concentration, but did not improve power performance in the bench press exercise.

7

The Development of a Repetition-Load Scheme for the Eccentric- Only Bench Press Exercise

100%

Moir G. L., Erny K. F., Davis S. E., Guers J. J., Witmer C. A.

Journal of Human Kinetics

|

2013

|

vol. 38

23-31

EN

The purpose of the present study was to develop a repetition-load scheme for the eccentric-only bench press exercise. Nine resistance trained men (age: 21.6 ± 1.0 years; 1-repetition maximum [RM] bench press: 137.7 ± 30.4 kg) attended four testing sessions during a four week period. During the first session each subject’s 1-RM bench press load utilizing the stretch-shortening cycle was determined. During the remaining sessions they performed eccentric-only repetitions to failure using supra-maximal loads equivalent to 110%, 120% and 130% of their 1-RM value with a constant cadence (30 reps·min-1). Force plates and a three dimensional motion analysis system were used during these final three sessions in order to evaluate kinematic and kinetic variables. More repetitions were completed during the 110% 1-RM condition compared to the 130% 1-RM condition (p=0.01). Mean total work (p=0.046) as well as vertical force (p=0.049), vertical work (p=0.017), and vertical power output (p=0.05) were significantly greater during the 130% 1-RM condition compared to the 110% 1-RM condition. A linear function was fitted to the number of repetitions completed under each load condition that allowed the determination of the maximum number of repetitions that could be completed under other supra-maximal loads. This linear function predicted an eccentric-only 1-RM in the bench press with a load equivalent to 164.8% 1-RM, producing a load of 227.0 ± 50.0 kg. The repetition-load scheme presented here should provide a starting point for researchers to investigate the kinematic, kinetic and metabolic responses to eccentric-only bench press workouts.

8

Predicting Power Output of Upper Body using the OMNI-RES Scale

88%

Bautista I. J., Chirosa I. J., Tamayo I. M., González A., Robinson J. E., Chirosa L. J., Robertson R. J.

Journal of Human Kinetics

|

2014

|

vol. 44

|

issue 1

161-169

EN

The main aim of this study was to determine the optimal training zone for maximum power output. This was to be achieved through estimating mean bar velocity of the concentric phase of a bench press using a prediction equation. The values for the prediction equation would be obtained using OMNI-RES scale values of different loads of the bench press exercise. Sixty males ( [...] voluntarily participated in the study and were tested using an incremental protocol on a Smith machine to determine one repetition maximum (1RM) in the bench press exercise. A linear regression analysis produced a strong correlation (r = -0.94) between rating of perceived exertion (RPE) and mean bar velocity (Velmean). The Pearson correlation analysis between real power output (PotReal) and estimated power (PotEst) showed a strong correlation coefficient of r = 0.77, significant at a level of p = 0.01. Therefore, the OMNI-RES scale can be used to predict Velmean in the bench press exercise to control the intensity of the exercise. The positive relationship between PotReal and PotEst allowed for the identification of a maximum power-training zone.

9

A Comparison of Muscle Activity in Concentric and Counter Movement Maximum Bench Press

88%

Tillaar R. v. d., Ettema G.

Journal of Human Kinetics

|

2013

|

vol. 38

63-71

EN

The purpose of this study was to compare the kinematics and muscle activation patterns of regular free-weight bench press (counter movement) with pure concentric lifts in the ascending phase of a successful one repetition maximum (1-RM) attempt in the bench press. Our aim was to evaluate if diminishing potentiation could be the cause of the sticking region. Since diminishing potentiation cannot occur in pure concentric lifts, the occurrence of a sticking region in this type of muscle actions would support the hypothesis that the sticking region is due to a poor mechanical position. Eleven male participants (age 21.9 ~ 1.7 yrs, body mass 80.7 ~ 10.9 kg, body height 1.79 ~ 0.07 m) conducted 1-RM lifts in counter movement and in pure concentric bench presses in which kinematics and EMG activity were measured. In both conditions, a sticking region occurred. However, the start of the sticking region was different between the two bench presses. In addition, in four of six muscles, the muscle activity was higher in the counter movement bench press compared to the concentric one. Considering the findings of the muscle activity of six muscles during the maximal lifts it was concluded that the diminishing effect of force potentiation, which occurs in the counter movement bench press, in combination with a delayed muscle activation unlikely explains the existence of the sticking region in a 1-RM bench press. Most likely, the sticking region is the result of a poor mechanical force position.

10

Associations Between Dry Land Strength and Power Measurements with Swimming Performance in Elite Athletes: a Pilot Study

88%

Morouço P., Neiva H., González-Badillo J., Garrido N., Marinho D., Marques M.

Journal of Human Kinetics

|

2011

|

vol. 29A

|

issue Special Issue

105-112

EN

The main aim of the present study was to analyze the relationships between dry land strength and power measurements with swimming performance. Ten male national level swimmers (age: 14.9 ± 0.74 years, body mass: 60.0 ± 6.26 kg, height: 171.9 ± 6.26, 100 m long course front crawl performance: 59.9 ± 1.87 s) volunteered as subjects. Height and Work were estimated for CMJ. Mean power in the propulsive phase was assessed for squat, bench press (concentric phase) and lat pull down back. Mean force production was evaluated through 30 s maximal effort tethered swimming in front crawl using whole body, arms only and legs only. Swimming velocity was calculated from a maximal bout of 50 m front crawl. Height of CMJ did not correlate with any of the studied variables. There were positive and moderate-strong associations between the work during CMJ and mean propulsive power in squat with tethered forces during whole body and legs only swimming. Mean propulsive power of bench press and lat pull down presented positive and moderate-strong relationships with mean force production in whole body and arms only. Swimming performance is related with mean power of lat pull down back. So, lat pull down back is the most related dry land test with swimming performance; bench press with force production in water arms only; and work during CMJ with tethered forces legs only.

11

The Effect of the Number of Sets on Power Output for Different Loads

75%

Morales-Artacho A. J., Padial P., García-Ramos A., Feriche B.

Journal of Human Kinetics

|

2015

|

vol. 46

|

issue 1

149-156

EN

There is much debate concerning the optimal load (OL) for power training. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of the number of sets performed for a given load on mean power output (Pmean). Fourteen physically active men performed 3 sets of 3 bench-press repetitions with 30, 40 and 50 kg. The highest mean power value (Pmax) across all loads and Pmean were compared when data were taken from the first set at each absolute load vs. from the best of three sets performed. Pmean increased from the first to the third set (from 5.99 ± 0.81 to 6.16 ± 0.96 W·kg−1, p = 0.017), resulting in a main effect of the set number (p < 0.05). At the 30 kg load Pmean increased from the first to the third set (from 6.01 ± 0.75 to 6.35 ± 0.85 W·kg−1; p < 0.01). No significant effect was observed at 40 and 50 kg loads (p > 0.05). Pmax and velocity were significantly affected by the method employed to determine Pmean at each load (p < 0.05). These results show a positive effect of the number of sets per load on Pmean, affecting Pmax, OL and potentially power training prescription.

Refine search results

Determination of Strength Exercise Intensities Based on the Load-Power-Velocity Relationship

Comparison of Division II College Offensive and Defensive Football Players' Upper Body Strength Across One Repetition Maximum Test and The NFL-225 Test

Validity of Mechanical Power Output Measurement at Bench Press Exercise

Power production during bench press with different ranges of motion on stable and unstable surfaces

Effect of bench press at a specified movement tempo on post-exercise testosterone and cortisol levels

The Effect of Active Recovery on Power Performance During the Bench Press Exercise

The Development of a Repetition-Load Scheme for the Eccentric- Only Bench Press Exercise

Predicting Power Output of Upper Body using the OMNI-RES Scale

A Comparison of Muscle Activity in Concentric and Counter Movement Maximum Bench Press

Associations Between Dry Land Strength and Power Measurements with Swimming Performance in Elite Athletes: a Pilot Study

The Effect of the Number of Sets on Power Output for Different Loads