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1

Somatic Profile of Competitive Sport Climbers

100%

Tomaszewski P., Gajewski J., Lewandowska J.

Journal of Human Kinetics

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2011

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vol. 29

107-113

EN

Since rock climbing grows in popularity, the number of the respective scientific reports increases. However, those concerning anthropometric profile of elite climbers are scarce and inconsistent, thus the aim of the study was to describe the anthropometric characteristics of competitive sport climbers. Male rock climbers (n = 21) aged 17 - 29 years took part in the study; their climbing ability ranged from 6b to 8c in the French scale. Body height, body mass, arm span, length and girths of both extremities, shoulder and pelvis widths, as well as thickness of 5 skinfolds were determined. From these, body mass index (BMI), body fat content and selected anthropometric indices were calculated. Data collected for climbers were compared with those of untrained students (n = 165) of Warsaw Technical University. Although no between-group differences were found for body height, body mass, BMI or body fat content, the climbers exhibited significantly (p<0.001) lower pelvis-to-shoulder ratio, longer lower extremities (p<0.05), and greater arm length and arm span (p<0.001) compared to untrained students. The results of this study do not support the view that climbers are small in stature and of low body mass. It seems that the core of the issue is not in body size but rather in specific body proportions and this may be of great importance in selecting subjects to competitive sport climbing.

2

The Use of Thermal Imaging in the Evaluation of the Symmetry of Muscle Activity in Various Types of Exercises (Symmetrical and Asymmetrical)

100%

Chudecka M., Lubkowska A., Leźnicka K., Krupecki K.

Journal of Human Kinetics

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2015

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vol. 49

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issue 1

141-147

EN

In order to achieve higher efficiency of training and thus better athletic performance, new research and diagnostic methods are constantly being developed, particularly those that are non-invasive. One such a method is thermography, suitable for quantitative and therefore objective evaluation of variables, such as changes in the temperature of the skin covering working muscles. The aim of this study was to use a thermal imaging infrared camera to evaluate temperature changes of symmetric body surfaces over symmetrically working muscles of male scullers after exercising on a two-oared rowing ergometer and compare these to asymmetrically working muscles of handball players after an endurance training session containing elements of an actual game. In the scullers, the mean temperature of body surfaces was always lower post than pre exercise, with no significant differences in an average temperature drop between the opposite sides, indicating that the work of the muscles involved in the physical exertion on the rowing ergometer was symmetrical. In contrast, in the handball players, skin temperatures in symmetric areas over the asymmetrically working muscles showed statistically significant differences between sides, which was associated with the functional asymmetry of training. This study indicates that thermal imaging may be useful for coaches in the evaluation of technical preparations in sports in which equal involvement of symmetric muscles is a condition of success, e.g. in scullers.

3

Anthropometric, Physiological and Performance Characteristics of Elite and Sub-elite Fencers

100%

Tsolakis C., Vagenas G.

Journal of Human Kinetics

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2010

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vol. 23

89-95

EN

The present study aimed at investigating the differences in selected anthropometric, strength-power parameters and functional characteristics of fencing performance between elite and sub-elite fencers. Thirty-three fencers (18 females and 15 males) from the Greek National Team, (age 19 ± 3.5 yr, body height 175.6 ± 7.6 cm, body mass 66.1 ± 9.1 kg, systematic training 8.4 ± 2.9 yr) were classified as elite and sub-elite, according to their international experience. Subjects underwent a detailed anthropometric assessment and performed selected leg power and fencing-specific tests. Significant differences were observed between the two groups in sitting height, triceps, subscapular, and quadriceps dominant skinfold thickness, absolute and body mass-dependent expressions of leg functional power characteristics of fencing performance: "time of lunge" and time of the "shuttle test". Anthropometric traits, such as height, body mass, percent fat and limb length were not different among elite and sub-elite fencers. Although technical and tactical factors are good indicators of fencing success, the observed differences in functional fencing performance tests among different levels of fencers are useful for the design of effective talent development and training-conditioning programs for competitive fencers.

4

Somatic Build of Rowers in the Period from 1995 to 2005

100%

Forjasz J.

Human Movement

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2011

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vol. 12

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issue 1

46-56

EN

Purpose. The aim of the paper is an attempt to show the sizes of morphological features of rowers, in order to establish the type of body build proper for present requirements of this sports discipline through the determination of morphological features of the greatest importance in rowing including the type of a racing boat. Basic procedures. Analysed material includes competitors practising rowing, who were members of the Polish junior national team in this sports discipline in the period from 1995 to 2005. A group of 31 anthropometric measurements have been analysed; body composition has been measured by the BIA method, including rowing boat categories. Musculature rate for each participant was calculated on the basis of chosen somatic indicators. Collected material has been elaborated with basic statistical methods. Main findings. Rowers are characterized by the significant height of the body, large body mass and a considerably slender figure at the same time. Characteristic features are: trunk with its large length and large circumferences, long upper and lower limbs, shoulders of medium broadness, narrow pelvis, flat chest. Big musculature of upper and lower limbs which classify competitors to the group of thigh-set limbed and the considerable stoutness of the body, expressed with the thickness of skin-adipose folds, with the proportional fat content, are also characteristic features. Analysed teams show the differentiation depending on types of racing boats, with achieving larger mean features by the crew of oars, at the greater proportional participation of the fat in the general body mass. Conclusion. Competitors doing rowing at the high level of sports advancement must accomplish the criteria of morphological build, and the level of these requirements is adapted to the specificity of this sports discipline and types of racing boats.

5

What Influences Race Performance in Male Open-Water Ultra-Endurance Swimmers: Anthropometry or Training?

100%

Knechtle B., Baumann B., Knechtle P., Rosemann T.

Human Movement

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2010

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vol. 11

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issue 1

5-10

EN

Purpose. We investigated the relationship between selected variables of anthropometry and training with race performance during a 26.4 km open-water ultra-endurance swim at 23°C in male master ultra-swimmers. Basic procedures. Fifteen non-professional male open-water ultra-endurance swimmers who were (mean ± SD) 40.0 (8.2) years of age with 83.7 (10.3) kg body mass, 1.80 (0.08) m body height and a BMI of 25.5 (2.5) kg/m2 finished the race within the time limit. Body mass, percent body fat, thickness of 7 skin folds, body height, length of arm, and length of leg were measured prior to race. The number of years as active swimmer, average weekly training volume in hours and kilometres and average speed in training were recorded. The variables were then correlated to total race time. Main findings. Study participants had mean finish times of 551 (100) min and an average speed of 3.0 (0.5) km/h. Speed in swimming during training was the only variable related to total race time (r = -0.66, p = 0.0037) whereas none of the other investigated variables showed an association. Conclusions. We conclude that anthropometry was not related to race performance in these male ultra-endurance swimmers whereas speed in training showed a moderate association with total race time.

6

No Association Between Skinfold Thicknesses and Race Performance in Male Ultra-Endurance Cyclists in a 600 km Ultra-Cycling Marathon

100%

Knechtle B., Knechtle P., Rosemann T.

Human Movement

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2009

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vol. 10

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issue 2

91-95

EN

Purpose. In long-distance runners, an association between skinfold thicknesses and running performance has been demonstrated. Basic procedures. We investigated the relationship between skinfold thicknesses and race time in cyclists in an ultra-endurance cycling race. In 28 ultra-endurance cyclists at the ‘Swiss Cycling Marathon’ over 600 km, skinfold thickness at 8 sites was measured pre race. Single skinfold thicknesses, the sum of 8 skinfolds and percent body fat were correlated with total race time. Main findings. The cyclists finished within 1.596 (296) min riding at an average speed of 26.8 (5.7) km/h. There was no correlation between single skinfold thicknesses, the sum of 8 skinfold thicknesses and percent body fat with total race time. Conclusions. In male ultra-cyclists in a 600 km ultra-marathon, no correlation between skinfold thicknesses and race performance has been detected as demonstrated in long-distance runners.

7

The Association Between Body Dissatisfaction and Nutritional Status in Adolescents

88%

Pelegrini A., Petroski E.

Human Movement

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2010

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vol. 11

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issue 1

51-57

EN

Purpose. This study analyzes the association between body dissatisfaction and nutritional status in adolescents. Basic Procedures. The study enrolled 234 boys and 442 girls. Information was collected on body image and anthropometry performed. Nutritional status was stratified into two categories: healthy (BMI: 18.5-25.0 kg/m2) and unhealthy (BMI: <18.5 and >25.0 kg/m2). Body image was coded as satisfied and dissatisfied. Main findings. It was found that 65.5% of adolescents were dissatisfied with their body image. While the girls wished to reduce their body silhouettes (48.4%), the boys wished to increase in size (51.3%). Unhealthy nutritional status was only associated with body dissatisfaction among the girls (95%CI = 1.35-3.43). Overweight girls were 11 times more likely to be dissatisfied with their bodies than normal weight girls. Conclusions. Nutritional status was a determinant factor for body dissatisfaction, primarily among female adolescents, since those whose nutritional status was unhealthy had different levels of dissatisfaction from those with healthy BMI.

8

Bioelectrical Impedance Analysis of Body Composition and Muscle Mass Distribution in Advanced Kayakers

88%

Rynkiewicz M., Rynkiewicz T.

Human Movement

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2010

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vol. 11

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issue 1

11-16

EN

Purpose. The study aims at assessment of body composition and muscle mass distribution in advanced kayakers. Kayak paddlers should be characterized by large body mass with a significant percentage of muscle mass, especially in the trunk region. Basic procedures. The sample consisted of 26 kayakers. The body composition and muscle mass distribution were determined based on bioelectrical impedance analysis. Main findings. The subjects had large muscle mass and average fat mass. The percentage of body fat mass in the kayakers was observed to increase with age, whereas the muscle mass percentage decreased, with the exception of the limbs. Conclusions. BIA of body composition and distribution of muscle mass should be a standard diagnostic method to collect data on proper adaptation of kayakers to their training programs.

9

Somatic and typological differentiation of first-year male and female students from the Jozef Pilsudski University of Physical Education in Warsaw

88%

Gryko K., Kopiczko A., Krawczyk K., Maliszewska I., Perkowski K.

Central European Journal of Sport Sciences and Medicine

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2019

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vol. 28

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issue 4

5-14

EN

University education is a period of human life when lifestyles or person’s activity are critical to the development of somatic build, while identification of the somatotype allows for corrections or recommendation of effective physical activity programmes. The main aim of this study was to assess selected features of body build and to identify somatotypes of young people at early stages of education at Jozef Pilsudski University of Physical Education in Warsaw depending on the field of study. The study examined 394 students of physical education (PE) and sport (S). Anthropometric measurements were the main research method used in the study. Physical body build (somatotype) was identified using the Heath-Carter method. The ANOVA/MANOVA analysis of variance was employed to determine the significance of differences in values of anthropometric and somatic characteristics between the groups of students. Students of physical education were characterized by a somatotype with a code of 3.08-4.6-2.62 (endomorphic mesomorph). In students of sport, the somatotype code was 3.0-4.58-2.37 (endomorphic mesomorph). Compared to S students, significantly (p < 0.05) higher values (by 10.5%) of the ectomorphy component were found in PE students. The results revealed the need for more research into the somatic build of students of physical education, taking into account the changes in their living conditions (including socio-economic environment), since graduates are expected to promote physical activity in the future. It is also necessary to carry out identical research at the end of studies in order to evaluate the effect of university curricula on the somatic build of students.

10

Anthropometric Profile of Male Amateur vs Professional Formula Windsurfs Competing at the 2007 European Championship

88%

Cortell-Tormo J., Pérez-Turpin J., Cejuela-Anta R., Chinchilla-Mira J., Marfell-Jones M.

Journal of Human Kinetics

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2010

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vol. 23

97-101

EN

This study aimed to describe the current anthropometric profile of Formula Windsurf competitors during the 2007 European Championships and establish a set of reference values useful for future investigations on player selection, talent identification, and training programme development. Fourty-five male participants (mean age 30±9.77 years; body height 182.04±6.3 cm; body mass 81.67±7.35 kg) were selected for the anthropometric profile, including 15 which the International Windsurf Association had defined as professionals. The anthropometric profiles included measurements of skinfolds, segment lengths, breadths, and girths. Somatotype measurements were also calculated into the equation. The male professional windsurfers had larger length, breadth, and girth measurements than their amateur counterparts. The three somatotype components showed that both groups were predominantly mesomorphic, but the professionals were more ectomorphic than endomorphic, whereas the amateurs were slightly more endomorphic than ectomorphic. The descriptive analysis of the anthropometric data provide relevant information concerning the morphological indicators of competitive success in this sporting discipline.

11

Somatotype of Competitive Youth Soccer Players From Brazil

88%

Fidelix Y. L., Berria J., Ferrari E. P., Ortiz J. G., Cetolin T., Petroski E. L.

Journal of Human Kinetics

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2014

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vol. 42

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issue 1

259-266

EN

The aim of this study was to identify the morphological configuration of youth athletes from professional soccer clubs and to verify their differences according to the tactical position on the field. Overall, 67 male players aged 15 to 17 years were evaluated. The examined anthropometric measurements included body mass, body height, skinfolds (triceps, subscapular, supraspinal and medial calf), girths (flexed and tensed arm and calf) and breadths (humerus and femur). For statistical purposes, analysis of variance and post hoc Bonferroni and Kruskal-Wallis tests were used. We concluded that goalkeepers were heavier and taller than center backs (p = 0.015 and p = 0.001), midfielders (p = 0.005 and p <0.001) and center forward players (p = 0.024 and p <0.001). The average somatotype for defense, forward and goalkeeper positions was a balanced mesomorph. Midfield players showed ectomorphic-mesomorph characteristics. It was concluded that goalkeepers were characterized as being taller and heavier and that somatotype features of athletes were similar between positions, except for midfield players

12

Comparative Characteristics and Assessment of the Relations of Anthropometric Indicators and Motor Abilities of Girls’ Basketball Players 12-14 Years Old

88%

Chukhlantseva N., Cherednichenko I., Bruhno E.

Central European Journal of Sport Sciences and Medicine

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2021

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vol. 33

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issue 1

61-71

EN

Anthropometric indicators and motor abilities are significant components of the successful implementation of the physical potential of young basketball players. The aim of the study was to describe and compare anthropometric characteristics, indicators of physical and special preparedness for basketball players under the age of 12 and up to 14 years, to identify the presence and degree of relationship between these indicators in each group of athletes. Athletes (n = 50) were grouped in groups under 12 years (U12, 10.97 ±0.48 years; n = 24), and under 14 (U14; 12.96 ±0.49 years; n = 26), body height and body weight were measured, dexterity and indicators of special preparedness were tested and compared (“Throws into the basket from different positions”, “Free Throws”, “Ten eights”). U12 players showed lower performance than the U14 group in all tests except the “Free Throws” test. All athletes showed astrong correlation between jumping and dexterity (p < 0.01). The U14 athletes showed astrong (p < 0.01) and moderate (p < 0.05) relationship between the indicators of special preparedness. Assessment of indicators of physical development, physical and special preparedness of athletes, the study of the relationship of these indicators at different periods of ontogenesis will help rationally differentiate training loads, emphasize pedagogical influences and optimize the training process.

13

The Effects of Different Exercise Programmes on Female Body Composition

75%

Soares Costa de Mendonça R. M., Targino de Araújo Júnior A., Cirilo de Sousa M. d. S., Fernandes H. M.

Journal of Human Kinetics

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2014

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vol. 43

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issue 1

67-78

EN

The purpose of this study was to verify the effects of 16 weeks of practicing different exercise programmes on body composition. This is an exploratory and descriptive study of 89 women aged 25 to 55 years (41.42 ± 9.23 years). The subjects were randomly divided into three experimental groups (EG): practitioners of strength training (SG), dance (DG), hydrogymnastics (HG), and a control group (CG) with sedentary women. Measurements of body mass and height, circumferences of the chest, waist, abdomen, hips, thighs, calves, and skinfolds of the triceps, suprailiac and thigh were registered in three different moments: prior to the commencement of the training program, again after 8 weeks of training, and finally after 16 weeks of training. Body density was estimated by using the trifold protocol by Jackson, Pollock and Ward. The ANOVA and deltas of change (Δ%) were used for data analysis. The level of significance was set at p<0.05. The effects of greater statistical significance on body composition related the variables "time", "group" and the interaction between the two (time x group) were observed for the percentage of fat - F% (F (1.79, 152.52) = 24.59, p <0.001, η 2 = 0.22), fat mass - FM (F (1.75, 149.01) = 12.65, p <0.001, η 2 = 0.13) and lean mass - LM (F (1.77, 150.66) = 47.38, p <0.001, η 2 = 0.36). The HG and SG were more beneficial in reducing F%. It was observed that the EG indicated healthier anthropometric aspects compared to the CG, regardless of the type of exercise programmes practiced. The time factor was more representative over the effects of exercise on anthropometric dimensions.

14

Physical and Physiological Characteristics of Elite Male Handball Players from Teams with a Different Ranking

75%

Nikolaidis P. T., Ingebrigtsen J.

Journal of Human Kinetics

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2013

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vol. 38

115-124

EN

The aim of this study was to examine possible discriminant physical and physiological characteristics between elite male handball players from elite teams with different league rankings. Players from three teams (A, B and C), which competed in the first league of the Greek championship during the season 2011-2012 participated in the study. Team A finished first, B came second and C came eighth out of eleven clubs. Teams A and B also participated in European Cups, and team A won the European Challenge Cup. The players (n=44) were examined for anthropometric characteristics and performed a series of physical fitness tests. Players from teams A and B were taller (6.2 cm (0.7;11.7), mean difference (95% CI) and 9.2 cm (4.0;14.5), respectively), and had a higher amount of fat free mass (6.4 kg (1.1;11.8) and 5.4 kg (0.2;10.5)) compared to those of team C. Players from team A performed better than players from team C in the squat jump (5.5 cm (1.0;10.0)), the countermovement jump without (5.5 cm (0.4;10.6)) and with armswing (6.0 cm (0.7;11.3)) and in the 30 s Bosco test (5.7 W.kg-1 (1.2;10.2)). Also, players from team A outperformed team B in mean power during the Wingate anaerobic test (WAnT, 0.5 W.kg-1(0;0.9)) and in the Bosco test (7.8 W.kg-1 (3.4;12.2)). Overall, players from the best ranked team performed better than the lowest ranked team on WAnT, vertical jumps and the Bosco test. Stepwise discriminant analysis showed that stature and mean power during the Bosco test were the most important characteristics in TH players, accounting for 54.6% of the variance in team ranking. These findings indicate the contribution of particular physical fitness components (stature, fat free mass and anaerobic power) to excellence in TH. In addition, the use of the Bosco test as an assessment tool in talent identification and physical fitness monitoring in this sport is further recommended.

15

Body Fat Deposition and Risk Factors of Cardiovascular Diseases in Men

75%

Fátima Glaner M., Alves Lima W., Borysiuk Z.

Human Movement

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2010

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vol. 11

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issue 1

45-50

EN

Purpose. To determine whether risk factors for cardiovascular diseases (anthropometry, blood pressure, blood lipid profile) differ between men classified into the three relative body fat %BF categories (%BF ≤ 19: healthy; %BF>19 and %BF<30: overweight, and %BF ≥ 30: obesity).Basic procedures. A total of 112 volunteers from Brasília, Brazil, were submitted to the measurement of body weight, height and waist, abdominal and hip circumference. The body mass index (BMI) and waist-to-hip ratio (WHR) were calculated. %BF and body fat topography (arm, leg and trunk %BF) were estimated by dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA). Blood pressure was measured by auscultation and blood variables were determined by an enzymatic method. Univariate analysis of variance, one-way analysis of variance and the Scheffé post hoc test were used for statistical analysis (p<0.05).Main findings. The three %BF groups differed significantly in terms of body weight and body circumference measures, with higher mean values being observed the higher the %BF. Fasting glycemia and high-density lipoprotein did not differ between groups, indicating the interference of other factors. BMI, WHR, blood pressure, total cholesterol, low-density lipoprotein, triglycerides, atherogenic index and atherogenic cholesterol were statistically similar in the overweight and obese groups and differed significantly from the healthy group.Conclusions. Abdominal, waist, hip circumference and body fat topography (arm, leg and trunk %BF) differ between the three %BF groups. None of the blood variables differed significantly between the overweight and obese groups. The cutoff %BF>19 (measured by DXA) seems to be a good parameter to indicate cardiovascular risk factors in men.

16

RELATIONSHIPS BETWEEN PHYSICAL CHARACTERISTICS AND RANKING OF YOUNG TENNIS PLAYERS

75%

Meckel Y., Hophy A., Dunsky A., Eliakim A.

Central European Journal of Sport Sciences and Medicine

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2015

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vol. 10

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issue 2

5-12

EN

The purpose of the present study was: 1) to determine young tennis players’ fitness and anthropometric characteristics; and 2) to determine to what extent these characteristics relate to the players’ national ranking. Forty young (age 15.1 ±0.4) trained male tennis players, who were ranked from 1 to 40 in their age group in the country’s youth tennis players list, were tested for speed, speed endurance, flexibility, strength, specific agility and quickness, aerobic capacity, height, and weight. Significant correlations were found between the players’ ranking and speed (r = 0.430 – 0.475), specific agility and quickness (r = 0.626), speed endurance (r = 0.562), strength (r = –0.416), aerobic capacity (r = –0.581), flexibility (r = 0.352), height (r = –0.443), and weight (r = –0.293). Stepwise regression analysis indicated that specific agility and quickness accounted for almost 40% of the players’ ranking, while its combination with the players’ height accounted for 56%. The results imply the overall importance of anaerobic capabilities and tennis-specific movements to the young tennis players’ ranking. The results also emphasize the importance of tennis-specific tests to the young tennis players’ performance evaluation

17

Incidence of health problems in relation with BMI and physical activity of college students

63%

Küchelová Z., Zusková K., Buková A., Hančov M.

Physical Activity Review

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2014

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vol. 2

65-76

EN

Steady decline in habitual physical activity in children and youth has resulted in an increase in body weight with age and a decline in functional ability. Hypokinesia in conjunction with poor diet and stress levels are prerequisites of lifestyle diseases such as cancer, cardiovascular and metabolic diseases and obesity. In this partial research, being part of the VEGA research No. 1/1343/12 "Selected risk factors of obesity and exercise prevention", we looked at the incidence of health problems related to BMI and physical activity in college students. We calculated BMI based on anthropometric measurements of body height and weight. Using the questionnaire method, we collected data concerning subjectively assessed incidence of health problems and overall representation of physical activity (PA) in the lifestyle of respondents. The study group comprised 1,963 students, including 1,169 female and 794 male undergraduates from two Slovak universities. Health problems with the largest incidence were back pain, alergy, low blood pressure, headache, palpitation and respiratory diseases. Our research confirms that a greater representation of PA in students' lives positively relates to a lower BMI. The results of logistic regression confirm a significant relation between BMI and the following health problems: back pain, palpitation, high blood pressure, obesity, low blood pressure and respiratory illnesses. PA significantly corresponds with the occurence of health problems related to upper respiratory tract and high blood pressure.

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Somatic Profile of Competitive Sport Climbers

The Use of Thermal Imaging in the Evaluation of the Symmetry of Muscle Activity in Various Types of Exercises (Symmetrical and Asymmetrical)

Anthropometric, Physiological and Performance Characteristics of Elite and Sub-elite Fencers

Somatic Build of Rowers in the Period from 1995 to 2005

What Influences Race Performance in Male Open-Water Ultra-Endurance Swimmers: Anthropometry or Training?

No Association Between Skinfold Thicknesses and Race Performance in Male Ultra-Endurance Cyclists in a 600 km Ultra-Cycling Marathon

The Association Between Body Dissatisfaction and Nutritional Status in Adolescents

Bioelectrical Impedance Analysis of Body Composition and Muscle Mass Distribution in Advanced Kayakers

Somatic and typological differentiation of first-year male and female students from the Jozef Pilsudski University of Physical Education in Warsaw

Anthropometric Profile of Male Amateur vs Professional Formula Windsurfs Competing at the 2007 European Championship

Somatotype of Competitive Youth Soccer Players From Brazil

Comparative Characteristics and Assessment of the Relations of Anthropometric Indicators and Motor Abilities of Girls’ Basketball Players 12-14 Years Old

The Effects of Different Exercise Programmes on Female Body Composition

Physical and Physiological Characteristics of Elite Male Handball Players from Teams with a Different Ranking

Body Fat Deposition and Risk Factors of Cardiovascular Diseases in Men

RELATIONSHIPS BETWEEN PHYSICAL CHARACTERISTICS AND RANKING OF YOUNG TENNIS PLAYERS

Incidence of health problems in relation with BMI and physical activity of college students