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Effects of Ramadan Fasting on Body Composition, Aerobic Performance and Lactate, Heart Rate and Perceptual Responses in Young Soccer Players

100%

Güvenç A.

Journal of Human Kinetics

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2011

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vol. 29

79-91

EN

The purpose of this study was to examine the effects of Ramadan fasting on body composition, aerobic exercise performance and blood lactate, heart rate and perceived exertion in regularly trained young soccer players. Sixteen male soccer players participated in this study. Mean age, stature, body mass and training age of the players were 17.4±1.2 years, 175.4±3.6 cm, 69.6±4.3 kg and 5.1±1.3 years, respectively. During the Ramadan period, all subjects voluntarily chose to follow the fasting guidelines and abstained from eating and drinking from sunrise to sunset. Body composition, hydration status, dietary intake and sleep duration were assessed on four occasions: before Ramadan, at the beginning of Ramadan, at the end of Ramadan and 2 weeks after the end of Ramadan. On each occasion, aerobic exercise performance and blood lactate, heart rate and rating of perceived exertion responses of players were also determined during an incremental running test. Repeated measures of ANOVA revealed that body mass, percentage of body fat, fat-free mass, hydration status, daily sleeping time and daily energy and macronutrient intake of players did not vary significantly throughout the study period (p>0.05). However, players experienced a small but significant decrease in skinfold thicknesses over the course of the study (p<0.05). Although ratings of perceived exertion at submaximal workloads increased during Ramadan (p<0.05), blood lactate and heart rate responses had decreased by the end of Ramadan (p<0.05). In line with these changes, peak running performance and running velocity at anaerobic threshold also improved by the end of Ramadan (p<0.05). Improvements in aerobic exercise performance with time were probably due to the effects of pre-season training program that was performed after the break of the fast (Iftar) during the month of Ramadan. The results of the present study suggest that if regular training regimen, body fluid balance, daily energy intake and sleep duration are maintained as before Ramadan, Ramadan fasting does not have detrimental effects on aerobic exercise performance or body composition in young soccer players.

2

Changes in Plasma Potassium During Graded Aerobic Exercise and Two Hours of Recovery

100%

Tenan M., McMurray R., Hosick P., Hackney A.

Journal of Human Kinetics

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2010

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vol. 26

51-55

EN

Plasma potassium increases with exercise intensity. Subjects (n=8) were monitored for changes in plasma potassium while exercising at progressively increasing steady-state intensities and for two hours of recovery. Plasma potassium was significantly increased at 100% of VO2peak compared to 20% and 40% (p<0.01). Plasma potassium at 60 and 120 minutes of recovery from exercise was significantly higher than 6 minutes post exercise (p<0.015). These results support the supposition that high-intensity exercise may lead to hyperkalemia, and also indicates that increases in [K+] occur up to two hours after the cessation of exercise, a newly reported phenomenon. Although, high levels of plasma potassium are known to cause cardiac abnormalities and related events, exercise induced changes in normal healthy adults are not currently believed to have clinical implications

3

Combined effects of caffeine and aerobic exercise on leptin levels and some indices of insulin resistance in diabetics

88%

Amaghani A., Jamali Gharakhanlou B., Zarghami Khamneh A., Radkhah N.

Central European Journal of Sport Sciences and Medicine

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2023

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vol. 44

15-26

EN

The study aimed to examine the combined effects of caffeine and aerobic exercise on leptin levels and some indices of insulin resistance in diabetics Thirty-two males with type 2 diabetes participated in a quasi-experimental and double-blind design. All participants were divided into four homogeneous groups of 8 individuals, including placebo (P), caffeine supplementation (C), aerobic training (AT), and aerobic training and caffeine (AT + C). The design protocol included eight weeks of aerobic exercise and caffeine consumption. Blood samples were taken to measure serum levels of leptin, glucose, insulin, HbA1c, HOMA-IR, and insulin sensitivity (QUICKI) indices at two phases. Data were analyzed by repeated measure ANOVA, Bonferroni posthoc, and independent T-test at a significant level of a ≤ 0.05. The results showed that the levels of leptin, glucose, insulin, HbA1c, and HOMA-IR in the three intervention groups significantly decreased compared to the placebo group (P = 0.001). In addition, QUICKI was significantly increased in the three groups of caffeine (C), aerobic training (AT), and aerobic training + caffeine (AT + C) compared to the placebo group (P = 0.001). Also, the AT+C group has double effects on the investigated indices compared to the caffeine (C) group (P = 0.001). Regular aerobic exercise and caffeine supplementation may be more effective treatments for improving insulin resistance indicators associated with type 2 diabetes.

4

The Effect of Warm-Up and Cool-Down Exercise on Delayed Onset Muscle Soreness in the Quadriceps Muscle: a Randomized Controlled Trial

88%

Olsen O., Sjøhaug M., Van Beekvelt M., Mork P. J.

Journal of Human Kinetics

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2012

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vol. 35

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issue 1

59-68

EN

The aim of the present study was to investigate the effect of warm-up and cool-down exercise on delayed onset of muscle soreness at the distal and central parts of rectus femoris following leg resistance exercise. Thirty-six volunteers (21 women, 15 men) were randomly assigned to the warm-up (20 min ergometer cycling prior to the resistance exercise), cool-down (20 min cycling after the resistance exercise), or control group performing resistance exercise only. The resistance exercise consisted of front lunges (10x5 repetitions/sets) with external loading of 40% (women) and 50% (men) of body mass. Primary outcomes were pressure pain threshold along rectus femoris and maximal isometric knee extension force. Data were recorded before the resistance exercise and on the two consecutive days. Pressure pain threshold at the central muscle belly was significantly reduced for the control group on both day 2 and 3 (p≤0.003) but not for the warm-up group (p≥0.21). For the cool-down group, pressure pain threshold at the central muscle belly was significantly reduced on day 2 (p≤0.005) and was also lower compared to the warm-up group (p=0.025). Force was significantly reduced on day 2 and 3 for all groups (p<0.001). This study indicates that aerobic warm-up exercise performed prior to resistance exercise may prevent muscle soreness at the central but not distal muscle regions, but it does not prevent loss of muscle force.

5

Strength Training Prior to Endurance Exercise: Impact on the Neuromuscular System, Endurance Performance and Cardiorespiratory Responses

88%

Conceição M., Cadore E. L., González-Izal M., Izquierdo M., Liedtke G. V., Wilhelm E. N., Pinto R. S., Reistenbach Goltz F., Dornelles Schneider C., Ferrari R., Bottaro M., Kruel L. F. M.

Journal of Human Kinetics

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2014

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vol. 44

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issue 1

171-181

EN

This study aimed to investigate the acute effects of two strength-training protocols on the neuromuscular and cardiorespiratory responses during endurance exercise. Thirteen young males (23.2 ± 1.6 years old) participated in this study. The hypertrophic strength-training protocol was composed of 6 sets of 8 squats at 75% of maximal dynamic strength. The plyometric strength-training protocol was composed of 6 sets of 8 jumps performed with the body weight as the workload. Endurance exercise was performed on a cycle ergometer at a power corresponding to the second ventilatory threshold until exhaustion. Before and after each protocol, a maximal voluntary contraction was performed, and the rate of force development and electromyographic parameters were assessed. After the hypertrophic strengthtraining and plyometric strength-training protocol, significant decreases were observed in the maximal voluntary contraction and rate of force development, whereas no changes were observed in the electromyographic parameters. Oxygen uptake and a heart rate during endurance exercise were not significantly different among the protocols. However, the time-to-exhaustion was significantly higher during endurance exercise alone than when performed after hypertrophic strength-training or plyometric strength-training (p <0.05). These results suggest that endurance performance may be impaired when preceded by strength-training, with no oxygen uptake or heart rate changes during the exercise.

6

Body Posture in Young Women Involved in Regular Aerobic Exercise

88%

Drzał-Grabiec J., Truszczyńska A.

Human Movement

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2014

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vol. 15

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issue 4

195-198

EN

Purpose. The aim of the study was an assessment of posture in women who regularly perform aerobic exercise. Methods. The study group consisted of 50 women actively participating in aerobics classes (mean: age 28.64 ± 5.3 years, body mass 59.83 ± 6.7 kg, height 167.75 ± 4.9 cm, BMI 21.24 ± 3.6 m/kg2) and a control group of 50 women not involved in any regular physical activity (mean: age 28.55 ± 5.05 years, body mass 62.47 ± 10.5 kg, height 167.74 ± 4.8 cm, BMI 22.26 ± 4.8 m/kg2). All participants were subjected to a photogrammetric assessment of posture. Results. Statistically significant differences in posture were identified between the two groups for lumbarosacral and thoracolumbar spinal curvatures. Conclusions. Women who regularly perform aerobic exercise present greater thoracic kyphosis and shoulder asymmetry than women not involved in aerobics.

7

Body composition analysis according to the exercise modality in adults with obesity: Pilot study

88%

Aracely Enríquez del Castillo L., Cervantes Hernández N., Candia Luján R., Flores Olivares L. A.

Central European Journal of Sport Sciences and Medicine

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2021

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vol. 34

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issue 2

87-95

EN

Obesity has generated a pandemic in relation to public health; however, depending on the type of exercise, intensity, frequency, and time spent exercising, it provides different effects on the human body. The present investigation has the objective of comparing the effect of two modalities of exercise, aquatic and grounded, on the body composition of overweight and obese adults. The present was an experimental study with 26 overweight and obese adults distributed in two exercise groups: aquatic and grounded. Both groups received 12 weeks of moderate intensity aerobic training assessed with a heart rate monitor and determined through the maximum heart rate on each individual grounded and aquatic training. The study variables were Body Mass Index (BMI), fat percentage, and lean mass. After carrying out the exercise program significant differences were observed in the reduction of BMI as well as in the percentage of fat in both sexes ( < 0.01). No differences were observed in relation to BMI reduction, nor the percentage of fat evaluated before and after by different exercise modalities; likewise, there was no difference in either sex. In conclusion, exercise provides favorable changes in body composition variables; however, in this study, it does not rely on the exercise modality.

8

Energy Expenditure Combining Strength and Aerobic Training

88%

Vilaça J., Bottaro M., Santos C.

Journal of Human Kinetics

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2011

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vol. 29A

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issue Special Issue

21-25

EN

The combination of Strength Training (ST) with Aerobic Training (AT) exercises in the same training session, which commonly appears in literature as the concurrent training, is widely used in fitness and physical condition programs, especially when the aim is to increase the energy expenditure during and after training session. The aim of this study was to identify, through literature, whether the combination of exercises of the ST with exercises of the AT allows changes in body composition and energy expenditure during and after the training session. Chronic studies have showed a positive effect on body composition (decreased in relative body fat) when the ST are combined with AT. Similarly, the acute effects of the order of combining these two types of exercise does not seem to affect energy expenditure, measured by oxygen consumption (VO2), during the training session and only change this expenditure in the first 15 minutes after the training session. In conclusion, we can say that the studies indicate that the combination of exercises of the ST with exercises of the AT has a positive effect on changes in body composition, and energy expenditure during and after training sessions.

Refine search results

Effects of Ramadan Fasting on Body Composition, Aerobic Performance and Lactate, Heart Rate and Perceptual Responses in Young Soccer Players

Changes in Plasma Potassium During Graded Aerobic Exercise and Two Hours of Recovery

Combined effects of caffeine and aerobic exercise on leptin levels and some indices of insulin resistance in diabetics

The Effect of Warm-Up and Cool-Down Exercise on Delayed Onset Muscle Soreness in the Quadriceps Muscle: a Randomized Controlled Trial

Strength Training Prior to Endurance Exercise: Impact on the Neuromuscular System, Endurance Performance and Cardiorespiratory Responses

Body Posture in Young Women Involved in Regular Aerobic Exercise

Body composition analysis according to the exercise modality in adults with obesity: Pilot study

Energy Expenditure Combining Strength and Aerobic Training