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EN
Introduction. The aim of this work was to assess selected validity criteria of motor tasks included in Batak Lite. The tasks are used to control coordination motor abilities in athletes of different sports. Material and methods. Twenty male Greco-Roman wrestlers from the sports school SMS in Radom were included in the study. They were 17-18 years of age and their training experience was 4-7.5 years long. The validity of motor tasks was determined on the basis of two criteria, i.e. reliability and diagnostic accuracy. To define the reliability of the tests, the research was carried out twice with an interval of 5-7-days (test-retest). Diagnostic accuracy of selected indices was determined with the help of three main criteria. The analysis included 6 motor tasks performed with the use of Batak Lite. Results. Tests I, II, IV and V are characterised by reliability coefficients higher than 0.50 and, regardless of the assumed accuracy criterion, by coefficients higher than 0.30. Thus, they meet the validity requirements within the assessed criteria. The highest accuracy coefficients were observed in motor tests assessing quick reaction (r = 0.46-0.63), simple reaction including sensory (r = 0.61-0.78), motor (r = 0.33-0.46) and complex (r = 0.34-0.49) reactions as well as spatio-temporal orientation (r = 0.33-0.49) and movement coupling (r = 0.34-0.49). Conclusions. Four Batak Lite tests displayed sufficient reliability and diagnostic accuracy. Therefore, they can be implemented in the training process of wrestlers. The strongest correlation was noted between Batak Lite tests and motor tests that assessed quick reaction, spatio-temporal orientation and movement coupling.
EN
The objective of this study was to evaluate the diagnostic accuracy of sonoelastography in patients of primary and secondary health care settings. Google scholar, PubMed, Medline, Medscape, Wikipedia and NCBI were searched in October 2017 for all original studies and review articles to identify the relevant material. Two reviewers independently selected articles for evaluation of the diagnostic accuracy of sonoelastography in different diseases based on titles and abstracts retrieved by the literature search. The accuracy of sonoelastography in different diseases was used as the index text, while B-mode sonography, micro pure imaging, surgery and histological findings were used as reference texts. Superficial lymph nodes, neck nodules, malignancy in thyroid nodules, benign and malignant cervical lymph nodes, thyroid nodules, prostate carcinoma, benign and malignant breast abnormalities, liver diseases, parotid and salivary gland masses, pancreatic masses, musculoskeletal diseases and renal disorders were target conditions. The data extracted by the two reviewers concerning selected study characteristics and results were presented in tables and figures. In total, 46 studies were found for breast masses, lymph nodes, prostate carcinoma, liver diseases, salivary and parotid gland diseases, pancreatic masses, musculoskeletal diseases and renal diseases, and the overall sensitivity of sonoelastography in diagnosing all these diseases was 83.14% while specificity was 81.41%. This literature review demonstrates that sonoelastography is characterized by high sensitivity and specificity in diagnosing different disorders of the body.
PL
Celem badania była ocena dokładności diagnostycznej sonoelastografii u chorych leczonych w warunkach placówek podstawowej i specjalistycznej opieki zdrowotnej. W październiku 2017 roku dokonano przeglądu baz danych Google Scholar, PubMed, MEDLINE, Medscape, Wikipedia oraz NCBI w celu pozyskania prac oryginalnych i poglądowych, które stanowiły materiał do badania. Prace wybierało dwóch badaczy niezależnie. Oceniono dokładność sonoelastografii w diagnostyce różnych chorób na podstawie tytułów i streszczeń wyszukanych prac. Główny termin stanowiła „skuteczność sonoelastografii w diagnostyce różnych chorób”, a terminy „ultrasonografia w trybie B-mode”, „obrazowanie MicroPure”, „zabieg operacyjny” i „wynik badania histopatologicznego” stosowano jako terminy referencyjne. Badane patologie dotyczyły: powierzchownych węzłów chłonnych, guzków okolicy szyi, złośliwych guzów tarczycy, łagodnych i złośliwych zmian w węzłach chłonnych szyjnych, guzków tarczycy, raka gruczołu krokowego, łagodnych i złośliwych zmian w piersiach, chorób wątroby, zmian w śliniankach przyusznych i gruczołach ślinowych, zmian w trzustce, chorób układu mięśniowo-szkieletowego oraz chorób nerek. Pozyskane przez dwóch badaczy dane dotyczące charakterystyki ocenianych prac oraz wyniki analizy przedstawiają tabele i ryciny. W sumie wyszukano 46 badań dotyczących zmian w piersiach, węzłów chłonnych, raka gruczołu krokowego, chorób wątroby, chorób gruczołów ślinowych i ślinianek przyusznych, zmian w trzustce, chorób układu mięśniowo-szkieletowego i chorób nerek, a ogólna czułość i swoistość sonoelastografii w diagnostyce tych chorób wynosiły odpowiednio 83,14% i 81,41%. Niniejszy przegląd literatury wskazuje na wysoką czułość i swoistość sonoelastografii w diagnostyce różnych chorób. Artykuł w wersji polskojęzycznej jest dostępny na stronie http://jultrason.pl/index.php/issues/volume-18-no-72
EN
The aim of this study was to investigate the accuracy and reliability of above and underwater 3D reconstruction of three calibration volumes with different control points disposal (#1 - on vertical and horizontal rods; #2 - on vertical and horizontal rods and facets; #3 - on crossed horizontal rods). Each calibration volume (3 × 2 × 3 m) was positioned in a 25 m swimming pool (half above and half below the water surface) and recorded with four underwater and two above water synchronised cameras (50 Hz). Reconstruction accuracy was determined calculating the RMS error of twelve validation points. The standard deviation across all digitisation of the same marker was used for assessing the reliability estimation. Comparison among different number of control points showed that the set of 24 points produced the most accurate results. The volume #2 presented higher accuracy (RMS errors: 5.86 and 3.59 mm for × axis, 3.45 and 3.11 mm for y axis and 4.38 and 4.00 mm for z axis, considering under and above water, respectively) and reliability (SD: underwater cameras ± [0.2; 0.6] mm; above water cameras ± [0.2; 0.3] mm) that may be considered suitable for 3D swimming kinematic analysis. Results revealed that RMS error was greater during underwater analysis, possibly due to refraction.
EN
The aim of this study was to compute and validate estimation equations for the trunk transverse surface area (TTSA) to be used in assessing the swimmer's drag force in both genders. One group of 133 swimmers (56 females, 77 males) was used to compute the estimation equations and another group of 131 swimmers (56 females, 75 males) was used for its validations. Swimmers were photographed in the transverse plane from above, on land, in the upright and hydrodynamic position. The TTSA was measured from the swimmer's photo with specific software. Also measured was the height, body mass, biacromial diameter, chest sagital diameter (CSD) and the chest perimeter (CP). With the first group of swimmers, it was computed the TTSA estimation equations based on stepwise multiple regression models from the selected anthropometrical variables. For males TTSA=6.662*CP+17.019*CSD-210.708 (R2=0.32; Ra2=0.30; P<0.01) and for females TTSA=7.002*CP+15.382*CSD-255.70 (R2=0.34; Ra2=0.31; P<0.01). For both genders there were no significant differences between assessed and estimated mean TTSA. Coefficients of determination for the linear regression models between assessed and estimated TTSA were R2=0.39 for males and R2=0.55 for females. More than 80% of the plots were within the 95% interval confidence for the Bland-Altman analysis in both genders.
EN
A number of experiments was performed using standard protocols, in order to evaluate the dosimetric accuracy of Leksell Gamma Knife 4C unit. Verification of the beam alignment has been performed for all collimators using solid plastic head phantom and Gafchromic™ type MD-55 films. The study showed a good agreement of Leksell Gammaplan calculated dose profiles with experimentally determined profiles in all three axes. Isocentric accuracy is verified using a specially machined cylindrical aluminium film holder tool made with very narrow geometric tolerances aligned between trunnions of 4 mm collimator. Considering all uncertainties in all three dimensions, the estimated accuracy of the unit was 0.1 mm. Dose rate at the centre point of the unit has been determined according to the IAEA, TRS-398 protocol, using Unidose-E (PTW-Freiburg, Germany) with a 0.125 cc ion chamber, over a period of 6 years. The study showed that the Leksell Gamma Knife 4C unit is excellent radiosurgical equipment with high accuracy and precision, which makes it possible to deliver larger doses of radiation, within the limits defined by national and international guidelines, applicable for stereotactic radiosurgery procedures.
EN
This study examined the effectiveness of implicit and explicit learning methods on the acquisition and retention of the decision-making skill in low and high complexity situations. 60 novice students were divided into explicit, implicit, and control group. Experimental groups followed 12 training courses. A pre-test, a post-test, and a retention test were used to evaluate the effectiveness of the instructional methods. All participants were evaluated in decision-making speed and accuracy in laboratory tests under simulated conditions. A three-way factorial ANOVA was conducted (3 Group X 2 Complexity X 3 Measurement periods) with repeated measurements on the last factor for the accuracy and reaction time. The analysis showed a significant improvement in decision-making accuracy, in low complexity for both experimental groups. In high complexity situations, the explicit method improved over time and was better than the implicit for decision accuracy. No differences were found among groups or measurements for the decision speed in either low or high complexity situations. It seems that in complex sport conditions, the use of explicit learning helps novices to develop decision-making accuracy more than the implicit learning method, since guided discovery may guide the participants to process contextual information from the sports environment more effectively.
EN
Introduction: Colonoscopy and PET / CT are among the major diagnostic tests for colorectal cancer. The sensitivity, specificity, and accuracy of these studies are still being assessed differently. Objective: The aim of the study was to compare the sensitivity, specificity and accuracy of colonoscopy and PET / CT in the diagnosis of colorectal cancer. Material and methods: The medical records of 125 patients with colonoscopy and PET / CT in the years 2014-2015 were analyzed retrospectively. The research was done at the Professor Franciszek Łukaszczyk Oncology Center in Bydgoszcz. Based on the macroscopic description of colonoscopy, the results were divided into two groups: with and without probability of cancer. The average SUV value in PET / CT for colorectal cancer was calculated and without this diagnosis. The average value of SUV 14 and higher was considered probable, while 11 or less had no probability of cancer. Standardized mathematical formulas were used to evaluate the sensitivity, specificity and accuracy. Results: More than half of the patients - 78 (62.4%) were males. The majority of patients -42 (36.6%) were aged 65-74. The majority (106) (68.8%) were diagnosed as polyps and 24 (15.6%) as tumor-like lesions. Polyps were placed in the rectum -32 (30.2%), in the sigmoid colon - 26 (24.5%) and 15 (13.2%) in the ascending colon. Tumors were located in the rectum - 11 (45.8%) and 4 (16.7%) in the recto-sigmoid junction. 38 (24.6%) adenocarcinomas and 67 (43.5%) adenomas were diagnosed. The detection rate of RJG was 32% in colonoscopy and PET / CT. The sensitivity of the colonoscopy was 80%, the specificity - 68.4% and the accuracy - 71.4%. The sensitivity, specificity and accuracy of PET / CT were 65%, 75%, 4% and 72.7%, respectively. Conclusions: Colonoscopy has a higher sensitivity in colorectal cancer diagnosis, but specificity and accuracy are higher in PET / CT. Keywords: colorectal cancer, colonoscopy, PET / CT, sensitivity, specificity, accuracy
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