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1

Saccharomyces cerevisiae in biotransformations

100%
Bialecka-Florjanczyk E., Majewska E.
Biotechnologia
|
2006
|
issue 3
113-133
EN
In the last decade, whole cells and enzymes have been used extensively in organic synthesis to obtain homochiral products in a variety of organic reactions. Baker's yeast, which has a large potential as a catalyst in organic chemistry, owing to ease of handling and broad substrate acceptability, has been widely used, mainly in the reduction of the carbonyl groups of prochiral ketones, producing alcohols with high enantiomeric purity. This review describes the most relevant recent papers not only on the reduction of carbonyl groups, but also on other aspects of utilizing baker's yeast.
2

Growth and fermentative activities of yeasts Saccharomyces cerevisiae in the presence of killer toxin

80%
Drewicz E., Kregiel D., Oberman H.
Biotechnologia
|
1999
|
issue 2
25-37
EN
Killer yeasts or killer resistant yeasts can be used as starter cultures in fermentative industries to prevent the environments from contamination by wild yeasts. The aim of the work was to investigate the effect of killer yeasts of Saccharomyces cerevisiae T158C, producer of K1 killer toxin, on the wine yeasts Saccharomyces cerevisiae W11, producer of K2 killer toxin, and W6 strain which was sensitive to both toxins. Wine yeasts W6 and killer wine yeats W11 showed different survival rates and fermentative activity in the presence of killer toxin K1 secreted by T158C strain. Obtained results showed that killer yeasts may be usefull when the fermentative conditions (temperature, pH value) will be suitable the activity of killer toxins.
3

Bioconversion of trans-cinnamic acid to L-phenylalanine by Rhodotorula sp.

80%
Gientka I., Blazejak S., Duszkiewicz-Reinhard W.
Biotechnologia
|
2006
|
issue 2
117-129
EN
The synthesis of the aromatic amino acid L-phenylalanine has received considerable attention in recent years due to its increasing importance as precursor to the dipeptide sweetener aspartame. Phenylalanine ammonia lyase (PAL), which occurs in yeast, catalyzes the nonoxidative deamination of L-Phe to trans-cinnamic acid (tCA), has industrial application in the synthesis of L-Phe. Superior producers of PAL are Rhodotorula sp. PAL is induced in yeast cell by the presence of L-Phe, while glucose represses PAL synthesis. Different additives and conditions during inducing PAL: permeabilizing, reducing and stabilization agents, as well as pH and temperature during bioconversion targeting to higher productivity of L-Phe were discussed.
4

Development of an automated yeast identification system by the application of PCR technique: a comparison of inter-line PCR with reference methods

80%
Salek A. T.
Biotechnologia
|
2001
|
issue 4
122-134
EN
In the Inter-LINE (IL) PCR method, oligonucleotides GF, GR and 01, which originated from mammalian cells led to highly reproducible patterns of amplified template DNA, based on the consensus of LINE-sequences. These were used for the genomic fingerprinting of about 80 strains of yeast, consisting of 30 species from 13 genera). The IL-PCR technique using the above primers is described and compared to reference methods such as Arbitrarily Primed-PCR and Pulse Field Gel Electrophoresis (PFGE). A comparison of the two PCR variants was performed using suitable numbers of digitized PCR-fingerprints. A database for an automated yeast identification system is proposed.
5

Productivity and yield of citrate fermentation by yeast in various cultivation systems

80%
Wojtatowicz M., Rymowicz W.
Biotechnologia
|
1995
|
issue 2
123-129
EN
Citric acid was produced by yeast strain Yarrowia lipolytica A-101 in three various cultivation systems: batch, fed-batch and semicontinuous culture with cells recycling.Volumentrric citric acid productivity and acid yield coefficients were compared.The best results were obtained for semicontinuous process.
6

Role of plasma membrane in ethanol tolerance of yeasts

80%
Grajek W., Walkowiak-Tomczak D.
Biotechnologia
|
1993
|
issue 3
157-165
EN
Tolerance of yeast to high ethanol concentration depends on cell membrane lipid composition. High content of unsaturated fatty acids and sterols increase the cell structure stability and viability as well as the fermentation activity, of yeasts. The cultivation of microorganisms at elevated temperatures and high increase the degree and as a consequence the cell sensibility to stress. Natural tolerance of yeasts to ethanol can be improved by technological means. It can be done by supplementation of fermentation broth with a source of unsaturated lipids, and, alternatively, by medium aeration to stimulate .
7

Xylitol: metabolism, microbial production and perspective in polymer substrates utilization

80%
Udeh K. O., Kordowska-Wiater M., Targonski Z.
Biotechnologia
|
1997
|
issue 3
27-37
EN
This article reviews the current concepts in microbial production of xylitol with pure D-xylose or processed lignocellulosic materials as substrates by yeast strains such as Candida tropicals, C. guilliermondii and Debaromyces hansenii. The importance of xylitol as sugar substitute and coating agent in the production and preparation of food and pharmaceutical products was presented. In addition, the metabolism of D-xylose to xylitol, physiology of the yeast strains and biotechnological parameters affecting the formation of xylitol were discussed.
8

Heterologus gene expression in S.cerevisiae

80%
Topczewska J.
Biotechnologia
|
1993
|
issue 3
184-195
EN
Yeast S.cerevisiae plays an important role of a host for expression and . High-level expression of foreign genes in S. cerevisiae is the result of a number of optimized reactions in the cell. In this article I will focus on the vectors designed for efficient expression and secretion of foreign proteins from yeast cells into the medium.
9

RAPD as a tool for differentiation and identification of yeast

80%
Robak M., Baranowska K., Barszczewski W., Wojtatowicz M.
|
|
issue 4
142-155
EN
The growing importance of yeast in food and beverages creates a necessity for a rapid and reliable method for typing of strains. As described in the present review, Randomly Amplified Polymorphic DNA method (RAPD), based on genome sequence diversity, allowed the differentiation and identification of strains belonging to Saccharomyces, Hanseniaspora, Yarrowia and other yeasts occurring in beer, wine, cheeses, sausages, dressings and fruits. The applied methodology and obtained results were compared and analysed in terms of repeatability and reproducibility. The possibility to compile the results in a database, which will serve the future identification of unknown strains, was discussed.
10

Trials of stimulation extracellular secretion of beta-galactosidase synthesised by Kluyveromyces fragilis 28

80%
Demczuk A., Kowalewska-Piontas J., Bednarski W.
Biotechnologia
|
2004
|
issue 1
253-259
EN
To induce extracellular secretion of beta-galactosidase synthesised by Kluyveromyces fragilis 28 yeasts, we used: glycin, L-asparagine, L-leucine, dimethylformamide, dimethyl sulfoxide, cetyldimethylethylammonium bromide, penicillin G and glycolipids from Candida antarctica. The highest increase in the secretion of beta-galactosidase was obtained in the yeast culture cultivated in the medium with polypeptone when glycin was used as the secretion inductor. The extracellular activity of beta-galactosidase reached 0.416 A.U./ml, and was 10-fold higher than the beta-galactosidase activity reported in the control group.
11

Influence of long-time continuous wine fermentation on morphological changes of yeast immobilized on foam glass

80%
Bonin S., Wzorek W.
|
2003
|
issue 4
167-181
EN
The aim of this work was to study the influence of long-time continuous wine fermentation on yeast morphology. The process of fermentation was carried out in medium of high sugar concentration (about 320 g/dm3), for 3,5 months, at 22C in 4 columns fermentor (4 series). In this experiment, wine yeast Saccharomyces bayanus strain S.o./1AD from the Collection of Pure Cultures of the Department of Food Biotechnology and Microbiology of Warsaw Agriculture University was used. Yeast was immobilized on foam glass. In this study, before and after immobilization the cells were examined by light microscopy, scanning electron microscopy and computer image analysis. It was stated that yeast after 3,5 months of continuous fermentation was bigger and showed morphological and intracellular changes in comparison with cells before this process. Before immobilization yeast was ovoid, single or budding cells. Various shapes of cells were observed after immobilization: elongated, in the shape of ?pear?, very big round and ?pseudomycelia?. In ?pseudomycelium?, the cells remained firmly connected by their cell walls and cytoplasm. In some cells, degeneration of cytoplasmic content was observed, too. These cells contained ?granularity?. The results show that long-time, continuous fermentation in high sugar medium causes negative changes of yeast cells.
12

The utility of unconventional oxygenation of culture in simultaneousl production of inulinase and invertase by yeasts K. marxianus K-2

80%
Pielecki J., Targonski Z.
|
2003
|
issue 1
234-243
EN
In this study, the apparatus for continuous controlling of dissolved oxygen concentration in the culture media was used. The automatic dosing of hydrogen peroxide (decomposed to oxygen and water) was possible, and a significant increase of extracellular enzymatic activity of inulinase (2,5-fold) and invertase (1,5-fold) were obtained in comparison with the traditional aeration. It also minimizes contamination, lowers the expenses on power consumption on aeration and mixing, reduces foaming and, consequently, high cost of antifoam emulsion and bacteriological filters.
13

Nonconventional yeasts in heterologous protein production

80%
Robak M., Walczak E.
Biotechnologia
|
2009
|
issue 4
54-73
EN
The purpose of the paper was to describe nonconventional yeasts: Hansenula polymorpha, Pichia pastoris, Yarrowia lipolytica, Arxula adeninivorans, Kluyveromyces lactis and Debaryomyces hansenii as affirmed or potential producers of heterologous proteins and biopharmaceutics. Cited species were characterized by genome size, particular physiological aspects and molecular tools used for genetic transformation. Advantages and disadvantages of production systems based on nonconventional yeasts were brievly discussed in comparison to well known industrial processes involving Saccharomyces cerevisiae, Escherichia coli or mammalian cells lines.
14

The influence of yeast killer toxins on the cytotoxicity of shiga-like toxins Part II ? Binding to shiga-like toxin receptors

80%
Salek A. T.
|
15

Microorganisms resistant to heavy metals and toxic chemicals as indicators of environmental pollution and their use in bioremediation

61%
Haq R. U., Shakoori A. R., Haq R. U., Shakoori a. R.
Folia Biologica
|
2000
|
vol. 48
|
issue 3-4
143-147
EN
Microorganisms present in water samples from various industrial effluents were analysed for their resistance to lead, chromium, and cadmium. The ability of these microorganisms to grow on or metabolize toxic hydrocarbons and pesticides was also checked. Microorganisms in samples from the steel and tanning industries were generally resistant to metal ions but were not capable of metabolizing toxic hydrocarbons. Conversely, microorganisms found in samples of pesticide and from the chemical industry were capable of metabolizing hydrocarbons and pesticides but were not much resistant to metal ions. Microorganisms from effluents of the paint industry and urban wastes were resistant to lead. A correlation between the population of microorganisms and the type of pollution was observed. Indigenous microorganism could be regarded as indicators of pollution and be used in various operations to resist, process, metabolize, and detoxify toxic industrial wastes.
16
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The expression and function of Sgt1 protein in eukaryotic cells

61%
Spiechowicz M., Filipek A.
Acta Neurobiologiae Experimentalis
|
2005
|
vol. 65
|
issue 2
161-165
EN
The Sgt1 protein was discovered in yeast but later it was found in other eucaryotic organisms, including plants and mammals. It was suggested that the Sgt1 protein plays a role in the CBF3 kinetochore and the SCF ubiquitin ligase complexes. Since the distribution, properties and functions of the mammalian Sgt1 have not been extensively studied, we examined the expression of Sgt1 protein in the rat tissues and here we report the preliminary results. Using northern and western blots we found that the Sgt1 protein is expressed in various tissues and that brain, skeletal muscles and spleen contain high levels of this protein and its mRNA. Then, by western blot, we checked the localization of Sgt1 in some areas of the rat brain such as cortex, cerebellum and hippocampus and we found that cerebellum and cortex contain highest amounts of this protein. Using immunohistochemistry we found that the Sgt1 protein is present in both neurons and glial cells.
17

Presence and significance of the infectious elements in technologically relevant yeasts' cells

61%
Dzwonek M., Gniewosz M., Primik M., Duszkiewicz-Reinhard W.
Biotechnologia
|
2005
|
issue 3
202-208
EN
The killer phenotype of Saccharomyces cerevisiae strains is based upon the presence of viruses in the cytoplasm of the yeast cells. Resent analysis of the molecular basis in these phenomenon let researchers to reveal its molecular mechanism and ecological function. Mammalian transmissible spongiform encephalopathiesare is likely due to the propagation of an abnormal form of some protein. Such infectious agents, which are termed prions, exist in yeasts. This review highlights the variety of infectious elements present in Saccharomyces cerevisiae as well as their influence on the yeasts properties.
18

Ribophagy ? the novel degradation system of the ribosome

61%
Bakowska-Zywicka K., Tyczewska A.
Biotechnologia
|
2009
|
issue 1
99-103
EN
Recently biochemists have discovered a new pathway by which the cell selectively degrades ribosomes. The pathway is called ribophagy. Two proteins were identified as crucial for the selective degradation of ribosomes by autophagy: ubiquitin-specific protease 3 (Ubp3) and Ubp3-associated cofactor, Bre5. This fact strengthens the connections between the autophagy and proteasome pathways of protein degradations.
19

The influence of environmental stresses on Saccharomyces cerevisiae yeast in ethanol fermentation

61%
Grajek W., Szymanowska D.
Biotechnologia
|
2008
|
issue 3
46-63
EN
The development of ethanol fermentation process brings numerous environmental stresses influenced by the survival and metabolism of industrial microorganisms. Saccharomyces cerevisiae strains have evolved to survive constant fluctuation in their external surroundings by special adaptation systems. These adaptation mechanisms involve reorganization of genomic expression by activation of transcriptional factors under stress conditions and production of suitable metabolites increased by cell survival. This review is focused on the metabolism and genetic response of cells to diverse environmental changes, especially to heat, osmotic, ethanol, oxidative, toxic and other physic-chemical stresses.
20

Chemical methods of protein isolation from yeasts cells

51%
Stasinska B.
Biotechnologia
|
1999
|
issue 2
120-130
EN
The paper presents the problem of protein isolation from yeasts cells using alkaline extraction and chemical modification of protein. The influence of these procedures on functional properties, amino acids level, nutritional value and enzyme digestibility is discussed.
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