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Application of Assessment Models for Health Risk and Pollution from Surface Water from Okumpi River in Nwangele, Imo State, Nigeria

100%
Chukwuemeka I. S., Obinna N. V., Chizoruo I. F.
World News of Natural Sciences
|
2021
|
vol. 38
20-36
EN
The mean and standard deviation of pH value in the present study during the wet and dry seasons varied from 6.21±0.22 - 5.75±0.41. The mean and standard deviation of EC in the current study ranges between 219.15±12.20 - 193.30±14.81 μS/cm for wet and dry seasons which are found to be in line with the WHO standard used. The mean and standard deviation of DO for this study during the wet and dry seasons were found to be 10.03±0.58 - 6.47±0.41 (mg/L). TDS for wet and dry seasons ranges from 374.79 ±5.33 - 121.65 ±6.33 mg/L. The nitrate [9.05 ±1.08 - 8.09 ±1.57], sulphate [3.91 ±0.51 – 3.73 ±0.46] and phosphate [82.78 ±3.86 - 81.76±3.32] in this present study for wet and dry season were all found to be below the standard. The Hazard quotient via ingestion and Hazard quotient via dermal has a reduction in the order of lead > nickel > iron > manganese > copper > zinc and lead > zinc > nickel > copper > iron > manganese > cadmium, in cooperation in children and adults in wet season, correspondingly. The Hazard quotient via ingestion and Hazard quotient via dermal has a decrease in the following order of nickel > lead > manganese > copper > iron > zinc and lead >zinc > nickel > copper > manganese > iron > for both children and adults in dry season, respectively. Lead possess carcinogenic risk for the inhabitants of this area due to the value of the carcinogenic risk n wet season of 4.05E-4 in adult and 1.55E-3 in children, in dry season of 2.57E-4 in adult and 9.88E-4 in children, against the standard set by the USEPA of 10-6 – 10-4. The surface water is not suitable for drinking as seen by the high water quality index of > 300. Lead possess carcinogenic risk for the inhabitants.
2
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Ion chromatographic method for the determination of cations of group IA and IIA in water samples, pharmaceuticals and energy drinks by non-suppressed conductometric detection

100%
Zachariadis G., Lyratzi A., Stratis J.
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EN
An efficient ion chromatographic (IC) method was developed for the simultaneous quantitative determination of Li+, Na+, NH4+, K+, Cs+, Ca2+, Mg2+, Sr2+, Ba2+ and Be2+ in energy drinks, pharmaceutical and drinking water samples by non-suppressed conductometric detection. The separation of ten cations including ammonium was achieved using a cation-exchange column and low conductivity mobile phase. The mobile phase consisted of tartaric acid, dipicolinic acid and boric acid. The separation of the cations was completed in less than 18 min, with a flow rate of 1.2 mL min−1. The separation was not affected by the existence of cations Co2+, Cr3+, Cd2+, Cu2+, Bi3+, Ag+, Fe3+ and Zn2+ in concentrations up to 20 mg L−1. Using an injection volume of 20 μL the obtained detection limits were 0.003 mg L−1, 0.02 mg L−1, 0.01 mg L−1, 0.01 mg L−1, 0.10 mg L−1, 0.01 mg L−1, 0.02 mg L−1, 0.02 mg L−1, 0.003 mg L−1 and 0.1 mg L−1, for Li+, Na+, NH4+, K+, Cs+, Ca2+, Mg2+, Sr2+, Be2+ and Ba2+ respectively. The intra-day repeatability (RSD%, n=5) ranged from 1.1% to 4.8%, and the inter-day (n=5) between 1.8% and 5.4% respectively. The method was applied to the analysis of various bottled and tap water, pharmaceutical preparations and energy drinks commercially available. [...]
3
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Bacteriological Quality Assessment of Shallow Wells in Sabion Gari settlement of Girei Local Government Area of Adamawa State

100%
Mbahi A. M., Jafaru M. I., Mbahi A. M., Onoshe S., Amos P. I.
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EN
Shallow well water is one of the major source of drinking water in Girei Local Government. In the Present study, the bacteriological quality and physico-chemical properties (pH and temperature) of water samples collected from selected shallow wells in the study area were assessed. Therein, the organisms isolated from the well water are Escherichia and Klebsiellaspp. The coliform count of the water sample collected from the wells as determined by most probable number method falls between 350-1800+ coliforms / 100m1, while the heterotropic bacteria from the sample were in the range of 7.2 × 103 - 2.88 × 104 cfu/ml. Moreover, the pH and temperature of the water falls around 5.5-7.1 and 15-21 °C, respectively. This study showed that the water samples obtained from wells in Sabon Gari are heavily contaminated with coliforms. This is of serious concern because of the association of the coliforms with pathogenic enterobacteriaceae.
4
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Clusterization of water molecules as deduced from statistical mechanical approach

86%
Krasnoholovets V.
Open Physics
|
2004
|
vol. 2
|
issue 4
698-708
EN
Using the methods of statistical mechanics we have shown that a homogeneous water network is unstable and spontaneously disintegrates to the nonhomogeneous state (i.e. peculiar clusters), which can be treated as an ordinary state of liquid water. The major peculiarity of the concept is that it separates the paired potential into two independent components-the attractive potential and the repulsive one, which in turn should feature a very different dependence on the distance from the particle (a water molecule in the present case). We choose the interaction potential as a combination of the ionic crystal potential and the vibratory potential associated with the elastic properties of the water system as a whole. The number ℵ of water molecules that enters a cluster is calculated as a function of several parameters, such as the dielectric constant, the mass of a water molecule, the distance between nearest molecules, and the vibrations of nearest molecules in their nodes. The number of H2O molecules that comprise a cluster is estimated as about ℵ ≈ 900, which agrees with the available experimental data.
5
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A holistic review of heavy metals in water and soil in Ebonyi SE, Nigeria; with emphasis on its effects on human, plants and aquatic organisms

86%
Eyankware M. O., Obasi P. N.
World News of Natural Sciences
|
2021
|
vol. 38
1-19
EN
A comprehensive review of literature was carried out to evaluate the presence of heavy metals (HMs), with a view to study its effect on man, plants and aquatic organisms in Ebonyi State, southeastern Nigeria. From reviewed literature it was observed that the major source of HM in soil and water can be attributed to anthropogenic activities such as mining and quarrying. Geogenic activities were also implicated by some scholars. Detail analysis showed that 62 % of HMs in water and soil is attributed to mining, while 23 % is attributed to indiscriminate waste disposal, and 15 % is due of other human and geogenic activities. The accumulation of HMs in plants, soil and water poses a serious risk to human, plants and aquatic organisms within the study area. The occurrence of HMs in soil and water if not properly monitored may tend to increase in years to come and this may have negative impact on plants and aquatic organisms. Severe health effects of humans are inevitable. Therefore, constant re-evaluating of HM in water and soil in the area is highly required.
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