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Non-habitual wearing of high-heeled shoes increases loading coefficient, stress and forefoot-rearfoot load imbalance in females as revealed by the modified velocity field diagram

100%

Ibeneme S., Ekeanyanwu A.

Biomedical Human Kinetics

2014

vol. 6

issue 1

Study aim: To determine the effects of non-habitual wearing of high-heeled shoes on loading coefficient, loading stress and forefoot-rearfoot load imbalance in females Materials and methods: Fifty young adult female subjects were selected using a convenience sampling technique, and studied utilising crossover control research design. They walked barefoot and thereafter, in high-heeled shoes; for a distance of 10- metre measured out in a gait laboratory. They demonstrated their gait twice for each speed, along a 10 metres walkway, at five speeds varying from very slow to very fast. Mean values of steps and time were recorded and used to calculate the values of velocity, stride length, stride frequency, double-support, swing, single-support, and stance phases of stride. These were adopted to form a modified velocity field diagram (MVFD). The data obtained were statistically analysed using a t-test for correlated means, with alpha set at 0.05. Results: The MVFDs revealed that the F/R load ratios were obtained as 0.67 and 1.5, while loading coefficient was 0.4 and 0.6, for barefoot and high-heeled walking, respectively. Loading coefficient and stress in high-heeled walking was 1.50 and 1.88 of the value in barefoot walking, respectively. Conclusions: Non-habitual wearing of high-heeled shoes increased F/R load imbalance, loading coefficient, and stress in the foot. However, there was no evidence of gait pathology in the subjects when they walked barefoot. Thus, non-habitual use of high-heeled shoes by the subjects did not translate to significant residual biomechanical derangements in the locomotor apparatus otherwise the kinematic data recorded for barefoot walking would have approximated the values obtained during high heeled walking.

Photogrammetry – principles of operation and application in rehabilitation

63%

Tokarczyk R., Mazur T.

Medical Rehabilitation

2006

vol. 10(4)

31-38

Fotogrametria jest pomiarem obiektu fizycznego przy pomocy obrazów. Pojęcie to obejmuje rejestrację promieniowania elektromagnetycznego w szerokim zakresie długości fal. Wspólna dla wszystkich metod jest zasada wyznaczania połoŜenia punktu w trójwymiarowej przestrzeni. Podstawą do obliczeń są zdjęcia tego samego punktu wykonane jednocześnie przynajmniej z dwóch różnych miejsc. Metody fotogrametryczne, stosowane w medycynie, możemy podzielić na dwie podstawowe grupy: do badania ruchu i do oceny zmian powierzchni. Przedstawiona zasada podziału jest bardzo duŜym uproszczeniem istoty badań fotogrametrycznych. O prawdziwej złoŜoności tematu świadczy wielka różnorodność systemów pomiarowych. Do tej pory największą popularność w rehabilitacji zdobyła metoda mory, oceniająca kształt pleców. Metody oceniające ruch są znacznie mniej popularne, ze względu na cenę urządzeń, potrzebę wykorzystywania dużych pomieszczeń i czasochłonność pomiarów. Na szczęście, także i pod tym względem zachodzą korzystne zmiany. W zależności od sposobu patrzenia uzyskujemy informacje o strukturze lub o ruchu. żadne urządzenie stosujące najnowsze technologie pomiarowe nie jest w stanie zbadać całości. Zaletą wszystkich systemów fotogrametrycznych jest duŜa ilość dostarczanych informacji, wadą – trudność w ich interpretacji. żeby system pomiarowy był uŜyteczny, jego integralną częścią powinien być system interpretacji wyników badań. Postęp w rehabilitacji zależy z jednej strony od technicznych możliwości urządzeń pomiarowych, z drugiej strony od specjalistów rehabilitacji, którzy będą potrafili formułować oczekiwania wobec nowo rozwijanych systemów pomiarowych układu ruchu

Photogrammetry is a method of measurement of a physical object by means of images. The term comprises registration of electromagnetic radiation in a wide range of wave lengths. Determination of location of a point in a three-dimensional space is the common principle for all methods. Photographs of the same point taken simultaneously from at least two locations constitute the basis of calculations. Photogrammetric methods used in medicine fall into two basic groups: evaluation of movement and assessment of changes on a surface. The presented principle of classification is very simplified. The real complexity of the idea is reflected by a great variety of measurement systems. So far, Moiré’s system assessing the shape of the back has gained greatest popularity in rehabilitation. Methods assessing movement are much less common due to the prices of the equipment, necessity to use large rooms and being time-consuming. Fortunately, there has lately been an improvement in this respect. Depending on the capturing method, information about structure or movement can be obtained. None of the devices using most modern measurement technologies is able to examine both kinds of data simultaneously. The advantage of all photogrammetric systems is a large amount of information obtained; their disadvantage is a difficulty of its interpretation. Usefulness of measurement equipment requires presence of a system of data interpretation as an integral part of this equipment. Progress in rehabilitation depends on one hand on technical features of measurement equipment and, on the other hand, on rehabilitation specialists who will be able to formulate their expectations towards systems of movement measurement being newly developed.

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1 Biomedical Human Kinetics

1 Medical Rehabilitation

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1 Ekeanyanwu A.

1 Ibeneme S.

1 Mazur T.

1 Tokarczyk R.

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Non-habitual wearing of high-heeled shoes increases loading coefficient, stress and forefoot-rearfoot load imbalance in females as revealed by the modified velocity field diagram

Photogrammetry – principles of operation and application in rehabilitation