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Tramadol and its health implications

100%
Waheed S. A., Adesola R. O., Abraham Y.
World News of Natural Sciences
|
2022
|
vol. 42
123-138
EN
Tramadol is classified as a pain reliever having analgesic properties. Pain is an unpleasant sensation that occurs most commonly as a result of tissue injury. Most opioid medicines are classed as alkaloid compounds and are classified as narcotics because they work on the central nervous system (CNS) to treat pain in conditions such as osteoarthritis, cancer, tooth pain, and kidney discomfort. Tramadol is plentiful in the roots of Nauclea latofolia. It can be chemically and biosynthetically produced from cyclohexanone and L-phenylalanine, respectively. The tramadol dose determines the toxicity stage. The medicine can be detoxified in the liver using monooxygenase enzymes and conjugating agents if taken in excess of the recommended dose. Tramadol works on the central nervous system by acting as a vulnerable agonist and inhibiting serotonin re-uptake. Seizures, genitourinary, dermatologic, and respiratory depression are just a few of tramadol's many side effects. The focus of this research will be on tramadol and its health consequences.
2
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Preparation and utilization of a molecularly imprinted polymer for solid phase extraction of tramadol

88%
Azodi-Deilami S., Abdouss M., Hasani S.
Open Chemistry
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2010
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vol. 8
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issue 4
861-869
EN
In this paper, a highly selective molecularly imprinted polymer (MIP) for tramadol hydrochloride, a drug used to treat moderate to severe pain, was prepared and its use as solid-phase extraction (SPE) sorbent was demonstrated. The molecularly imprinted solid-phase extraction procedure followed by high performance liquid chromatography with ultraviolet detector (MISPE-HPLC) was developed for selective extraction and determination of tramadol in human plasma and urine. The optimal conditions for molecularly imprinted solid-phase extraction (MISPE) consisted of conditioning with 1 mL methanol and 1 mL of deionized water at neutral pH, loading of tramadol sample (50 µg L−1) at pH 7.5, washing using 1 mL acetone and elution with 3 × 1 mL of 10% (v/v) acetic acid in methanol. The MIP selectivity was evaluated by checking several substances with similar molecular structures to that of tramadol. Results from the HPLC analyses showed that the calibration curve of tramadol (using MIP from human plasma and urine) is linear in the ranges of 6–100 and 3–120 µg L−1 with good precisions (1.9% and 2.9% for 5.0 µg L−1), respectively. The recoveries for plasma and urine samples were higher than 81%. [...]
3
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Synthesis and characterization of molecularly imprinted polymer for controlled release of tramadol

75%
Azodi-Deilamia S., Abdoussa M., Rezvaneh Seyedib S.
Open Chemistry
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2010
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vol. 8
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issue 3
687-695
EN
In this paper, we describe how to prepare a highly selective imprinted polymer by a bulk polymerization technique. We used tramadol as the template, (MAA) as functional monomers, and (EGDMA) as the cross-linker in chloroform as solvent. Results from Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR), Thermogravimetric Analysis (TGA), Scanning Electron microscopy (SEM) show that this imprinted sorbent exhibits good recognition and high affinity for tramadol. Selectivity of molecularly imprinted polympers (MIP) was evaluated by comparing several substances with similar molecular structures to that of tramadol. Controlled release of tramadol from MIPs was investigated through in vitro dissolution tests and by measuring the absorbance at λmax of 272 nm by (HPLC-UV). The dissolution media employed were hydrochloric acid pH 3.0 and phosphate buffers, pH 5.0 and 7.4, maintained at 37 and 25 ± 0.5°C. The results show the ability of MIP polymers to control tramadol release. In all cases, the release of MIPs was deferred for a longer time as compared to NMIP. At a pH of 7.4 and 25°C slower release of tramadol imprinted polymer occurred. [...]
4
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Erratum to: “Synthesis and characterization of molecularly imprinted polymer for controlled release of tramadol”

75%
Azodi-Deilami S., Abdouss M., Rezvaneh Seyedi S.
Open Chemistry
|
2011
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vol. 9
|
issue 3
499-499
EN
The original version of the article was published in Cent. Eur. J. Chem., Vol. 8(3), (2010), pp. 687–695. Unfortunately, the original version of this article contains mistakes in the Authors names section. There should be: Saman Azodi-Deilami1, Majid Abdouss1 and S. Rezvaneh Seyedi2.
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