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Temperature effect over structure and photochemical properties of nanostructured SnO2 powders

100%
Ungureanu A.-M., Oprea O., Vasile B., Andronescu C., Voicu G., Jitaru I.
Open Chemistry
|
2014
|
vol. 12
|
issue 9
909-917
EN
We successfully synthesized tin dioxide nanoparticles with polyhedral morphology via an ethylene glycol assisted sol-gel approach. The structural characteristics of three tin dioxide samples were investigated after being thermally treated at 400°C, 600°C and 800°C. X-ray diffraction (XRD) patterns clearly show the formation of single phase tin dioxide nanoparticles, with crystallite size of 6–20 nm, in good correlation with Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectra. Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) analysis confirms the formation of 6nm polyhedral nanoparticles for the 400°C sample. Ultraviolet-visible (UV-Vis) and photoluminescence (PL) spectra suggest a high concentration of oxygen vacancies. The oxygen vacancy concentration increases with temperature, due to the combined action of the formation of VO and the energetic O compensation. X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) analysis also confirms the formation of single phase tin dioxide and the presence of oxygen vacancies in good agreement with UV-VIS and PL data.
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The effect of dopant’s valence (+III and +V) on the anion/cation uptake properties of antimony-doped tin dioxide

88%
Koivula R.
Open Chemistry
|
2010
|
vol. 8
|
issue 6
1179-1184
EN
Antimony is perhaps the most frequently used doping element of tin dioxide. Although antimony of different oxidation states have been used in the synthesis, the effect of dopant’s valence on ion exchange properties has not been investigated critically. In our study the valence of antimony had clear effects on the metal uptake properties of Sb-doped SnO2 materials. Extremely high Tc uptake (Kd > 100 000 mL g−1) on Sb(III)-doped material was observed in conditions under which Sb(V)-doped material did not show any Tc uptake. However, the Sb(V)-doped material showed good Ni2+ uptake properties (Kd up to 33 000 mL g−1), even at pH values below the material’s point of zero charge (pzc), while the Sb(III)-doped material showed Ni2+ uptake only at pH above its pzc. The cation uptake of Sb-doped SnO2 resembles typical weakly acidic cation exchanger character but the uptake of TcO4- does not follow a typical anion exchange pattern. Instead, we propose a sorption process related to redox reactions as the probable Tc uptake process.
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