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1

An approach to identification of rye chromosomes affecting the pre-harvest sprouting in triticale

100%

Rybka K.

Journal of Applied Genetics

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2003

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vol. 44

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issue 4

491-496

EN

The influence of the rye genome on triticale pre-harvest sprouting (PHS) resistance was studied by using Presto substitution lines, where rye chromosomes were substituted by the D genome of wheat. The PHS resistance was evaluated on the third, sixth and ninth day of a mist chamber test as a percentage of germinated kernels. All the substitution lines, except 6D(6R), showed a higher PHS resistance than cv. Presto, which means that the rye component of triticale influences negatively the triticale PHS resistance. The 2D(2R) line was the most resistant (finally 16% of sprouted grains). In all the lines, except 5D(5R), the sprouting dynamics was nearly linear during the experiment. The lowest increase in number of sprouted kernels (up to 7%) was observed in lines 3D(3R), 2D(2R) and 6D(6R) within the first three days of the mist-chamber test, but at the end of the experiment line 6D(6R) showed the highest PHS susceptibility (56% of sprouted grains). The fastest grain germination in spikes was observed for the 5D(5R) line. Thus a simple and cheap modernization of the mist-chamber test, by additional evaluation of the lag phase and the initial germination in spikes during the first three days, is suggested for selection of genotypes with higher potential of PHS avoidance.

2

Effect of genotype and media composition on embryoid induction and plant regeneration from anther culture in triticale

80%

Slusarkiewicz J. A., Ponitka A.

Journal of Applied Genetics

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1997

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vol. 38

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issue 3

253-258

EN

Anthers of twenty triticale genotypes were cultured on three different media: 1 - PII (CHUANG et al. 1978) with increased 2,4 D to 2 mg L 1 and agarose 6 g L 1; 2 - Macro , micronutrients and vitamines like in MN6 (CHU, HILL 1988) + 2 mg L 1 2.4 D + 0.5 mg L 1 KIN + 5 mg L 1 FeEDTA + 90 g L 1 sucrose; 3 - Macro , micronutrients and vitamines like in MN6 (CHU, HILL, 1988) + 2 mg L 1 2.4 D + 0.5 mg L 1 KIN + 5 mg L 1 FeEDTA + 120 g L 1 sucrose. Embryoid induction and plant regeneration were influenced by donor plant genotype and induction medium. Medium 1 was the best for embryoid induction, while for green plant regeneration the best were media 1 and 2. Out of 300 anthers from each genotype plated on each of the three media, 64 1250, 12 486 and 6 212 somatic embryos and 8 86, 3 136 and 1 26 green plants were recorded, on media 1, 2 and 3, respectively.

3

Consequences of transformation of embryogenic Triticale cell

80%

Zimny J., Czaplicki A., Menke-Milczarek I., Oleszczuk S., Sowa S.

Biotechnologia

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2000

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issue 2

64-72

EN

Plants carrying foreign genes have been obtained for many crops including wheat, rice, maize, barley and Triticale. The most important aspect for practical breeding is the regeneration of whole plants from a specific cell possessing the desired agronomic properties. Particle bombardment provided the necessary breakthrough for the efficient transformation of cereals. Efficient regeneration is a prerequisite for all transformation techniques. The aim of the presented work was to study the progeny of transgenic plants of the allohexaploid cereal species Triticale. By combining an efficient regeneration system with the successful particle bombardment method we were able to obtain transgenic Triticale plants. Transgene expression was sometimes unstable and generally resulted in the decline of the expression, although some lines showing stable expression were also selected. In our laboratory several generations of androgenic doublehaploid transgenic lines have been regenerated and multiplicated. The integrated transgenes were detected in Triticale lines by in situ hybridisation method. The stability of trangenes has been studied on ten generations. A regeneration system from single cell to plant combined with microprojectile bombardment appeared to be the most efficient transformation method for Triticale. Numerous chimeric genes are now available for research. Some of these genes may appear useful in the future breeding of Triticale.

4

Assessing genetic variation to predict the breeding value of winter triticale cultivars and lines

80%

Goral H., Tyrka M., Spiss L.

Journal of Applied Genetics

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2005

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vol. 46

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issue 2

125-131

EN

The objective of this study was to evaluate the usefulness of amplified fragment length polymorphism (AFLP) analyses for selection of the best parents for breeding of hybrid winter triticale. Phenotypic diversity was measured for 8 agronomic traits in 10 parents and 27 F1 hybrids. Genotypic diversity was measured by 91 AFLP markers. Coefficients of correlation of genetic similarity (AFLP-GS) with both Euclidean distances and mean values of the traits were generally not significant. A correction of the preliminary binary matrix into trait-specific derived matrices increased the values of 5 correlation coefficients to a significant level. The correlation of AFLP-GS with mid-parent heterosis of grain weight per plant was low but significant (r = ?0.452). Our study confirms the effectiveness of marker preselection for obtaining AFLP-GS better correlated with heterosis. The use of derived matrices is promising for reducing the number of cross combinations tested for specific combining ability.

5

Identification and characterization of high-molecular-weight glutenin genes in Polish triticale cultivars by PCR-based DNA markers

80%

Salmanowicz B. P., Dylewicz M.

Journal of Applied Genetics

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2007

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vol. 48

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issue 4

347-357

EN

Molecular markers were used to identify the allele/gene composition of complex loci Glu-A1 and Glu-B1 of high-molecular-weight (HMW) glutenin subunits in triticale cultivars. Forty-six Polish cultivars of both winter and spring triticale were analysed with 7 PCR-based markers. Amplified DNA fragments of HMW glutenin Glu-1 genes were separated by agarose slab-gel electrophoresis. Differences between all 3 alleles at the locus Glu-A1 [Glu-A1a (encoding Ax1), 1b (Ax2*), and 1c (AxNull)], 4 alleles at Glu-B1-1 [Glu-B1-1a (Bx7), 1b (Bx7*), 1d (Bx6), 1ac (Bx6.8)], and 5 alleles at Glu-B1-2 [Glu-B1-2a (By8), 2b (By9), 2o (By8*), 2s (By18*), and 2z (By20*)] were revealed. In total, 16 allele combinations were observed. Molecular markers are particularly helpful in distinguishing the wheat Glu-A1a and Glu-A1b alleles from the rye Glu-R1a and Glu-R1b alleles in triticale genotypes, respectively, as well as subunits Bx7 from Bx7* and By8 from By8*, which could not be distinguished by SDS-PAGE. Novel glutenin subunits By18* and By20* (unique to triticale) were identified. HMW glutenin subunit combinations of Polish triticale cultivars, earlier identified by SDS-PAGE analyses, were verified by PCR-based DNA markers. Rapid identification of wheat Glu-1 alleles by molecular markers can be an efficient alternative to the standard separation procedure for early selection of useful triticale genotypes with good bread-making quality.

6

The influence of various in vitro culture conditions on androgenetic embryo induction and plant regeneration from hexaploid triticale (x Triticosecale Wittm.)

80%

Ponitka A., Slusarkiewicz-Jarzina A., Wedzony M., Marcinska I., Wozny J., Wozna J.

Journal of Applied Genetics

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1999

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vol. 40

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issue 3

165-174

EN

The effect of sucrose and maltose in culture media PII, C17 and MN6 on androgenetic embryo formation was investigated in seven F2 triticale hybrid progenies. In all genotypes, the highest number of androgenetic embryos (89.8-320.6/100 anthers) was formed on medium C17 containing maltose. Also the highest number of green plants (6.17/100 embryos) was regenerated from embryos obtained on PII with sucrose. The effect of the physical environment (temperature, light) in the first week of embryo culture on the regeneration medium was tested. The highest rate of green plants per 100 embryos (2.5-11.8) was obtained from incubation at 22oC in the dark. Key words: androgenetic embryos, incubation temperature, media, plant regeneration, triticale.

7

Transgene expression and gene silencing in cereals

70%

Nadolska-Orczyk A.

Biotechnologia

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2006

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issue 4

168-180

EN

Genetic transformation of cereal crops is a powerful research tool for analysis of gene function and varietal improvement. Application of the method is possible when the expression of introduced transgene is on the desired level and stable over several generations. The production of transgenic cereals was mainly performed by microprojectile bombardment. However, some advance was also achieved by application of Agrobacterium-mediated transformation. For rice, which is the cereal model species, this method is routinely used, while for many others, especially polyploids, it has been developed very recently and only in a few laboratories. We still lack the knowledge whether the main features of Agro-mediated transformation (i.e. integration of one or few copies usually not rearranged and well defined transgene cassette) influence the transgene expression in polyploid cereal species. This review discusses known mechanisms possibly involved in transgene silencing, using both transformation methods. Part of the discussion is focused on transgene expression / silencing in relation to large genomes of polyploid cereals. Another application of genetic transformation, based on RNAi technology (RNA interference), is silencing of selected genes. This could be used to study gene function as well as to induce silencing of the native, single or family genes of cereals. Two strategies of silencing are discussed: a strategy of transcriptional gene silencing (TGS) and posttranscriptional gene silencing (PTGS).

8

Environmental stability and heritability estimates for grain yield and test weight in triticale

61%

Barnett R. D., Blount A. R., Pfahler P. L., Bruckner P. L., Wesenberg D. M., Johnson J. W.

Journal of Applied Genetics

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2006

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vol. 47

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issue 3

207-213

EN

Hexaploid triticale has many advantages over both parental species for both grain and forage production in certain environments. Additional information on environmental stability and heritability would be desirable to develop appropriate selection strategies in the production of superior widely-adapted cultivars. The grain yield of 22 diverse genotypes grown at four ecologically-distinct geographical locations [Quincy, FL, USA (approximate geographical coordinates (AGC) = 30oN 84oW, approximate elevation (AE) = 58 m), Plains, GA, USA (AGC = 32oN 84oW, AE = 76 m), Bozeman, MT USA (AGC = 45oN 111oW, AE = 1458 m), and Aberdeen, ID, USA (AGC = 42oN 112oW, AE = 1360 m)] was measured in two years with winter and spring planting dates only at Bozeman and Aberdeen. Test weight (grain weight in a given volume) was determined for two years at Bozeman and Aberdeen at both planting dates and one year at Quincy. Stability analyses indicated that significant (P < 0.01) variation in means, regression coefficients, and deviation mean squares of the genotypes were present for both characters. Realized heritability (h2) estimates were as follows: grain yield ranged from ?0.02 to 0.80 with a mean of 0.57; test weight ranged from 0.63 to 1.05 with a mean of 0.93. The results indicated that substantial genetic variation is present and selection for widely-adapted cultivars would be effective for both characters especially test weight.

9

Enhancing the resistance of triticale by using genes from wheat and rye

61%

Tyrka M., Chelkowski J.

Journal of Applied Genetics

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2004

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vol. 45

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issue 3

283-295

EN

At present two separate nomenclature systems exist for wheat and rye. This paper provides a proposed common catalogue of wheat, rye and triticale resistance gene symbols. More than 130 postulated wheat resistance genes are listed. Over 39 rye and 6 triticale resistance (R) genes have been identified and named. Genes responsible for reaction to powdery mildew and to leaf, stem and yellow rusts are the best-represented group of resistance genes. From the common catalogue it can be concluded that there exists a potential for further transfer of rye resistance genes to wheat and triticale. Many molecular markers can be applied for marker-assisted gene transfer, but the expression of the R genes in the new genetic background of triticale remains to be investigated.

Refine search results

An approach to identification of rye chromosomes affecting the pre-harvest sprouting in triticale

Effect of genotype and media composition on embryoid induction and plant regeneration from anther culture in triticale

Consequences of transformation of embryogenic Triticale cell

Assessing genetic variation to predict the breeding value of winter triticale cultivars and lines

Identification and characterization of high-molecular-weight glutenin genes in Polish triticale cultivars by PCR-based DNA markers

The influence of various in vitro culture conditions on androgenetic embryo induction and plant regeneration from hexaploid triticale (x Triticosecale Wittm.)

Transgene expression and gene silencing in cereals

Environmental stability and heritability estimates for grain yield and test weight in triticale

Enhancing the resistance of triticale by using genes from wheat and rye