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1

Secondary metabolites from plant and tissue culture

100%
ten H. H. J. G., Verpoort R.
Biotechnologia
|
1997
|
issue 2
15-27
EN
In this paper, the possibilities of productivity enhancement by an optimized control of the process conditions in the bioreactoris illustrated for the production of ajmalicine by Catharanthus rosesus in a two-stage batch process.During the second production phase, the productivity could be increased considerably by optimization of the glucose concentration in the medium and the aeration rate in the biotreactor.Both the dissolved oxygen concentration, and the concentration of other dissolved gaseous metabolites were controlling the productivity.Furthermore, the age of the inoculum appeared to be an essential factor.
2

Somaclonal variation in winter wheat (Triticum aestivum L.): frequency, occurrence and inheritance

100%
Cheng X. Y., Gao M. W., Liang Z. Q., Liu G. Z.
Journal of Applied Genetics
|
1998
|
vol. 39
|
issue 1
59-72
EN
Plants were regenerated from immature embryo cultures of 35 winter wheat genotypes. General responses of regenerated plants were investigated and a total of 7142 R2 spike lines from 1593 Rl plants were assessed in the field for somaclonal variants in 1985/86, 1986/87 and 1987/88. Selected variants were studied for their possible genetic inheritance. From regenerated plantlets, 81% survived and 63% produced fertile plants. Forms with reduced plant height, length of spike and other morphological abnormalities were found in this progeny. Populations of Rl plants were highly variable due mainly to the physiological disturbances resulting from the in vitro process. Overall somaclonal variation frequencies were 14.2% per plant basis and 5.3% per R2 spike basis. The variants were similar in the three different R2 generations with predominant variants being negative in plant height, maturity, awns, spike type and plant type. Both uniform R2 variant families and spike lines were found in addition to the segregating variants which constituted the majority. On average, in a variant family or line, 18% and 14% of their component lines and plants were variants, respectively. Inheritability was demonstrated for the uniform variant families and spike lines as well as segregated variants. Of those 134 selections, about 70% were classified as inheritable. Both recessive and dominant gene mutations at one, two or three loci were evident in some variants as suggested by the segregating data.
3

Why is mutation breeding still attractive for breeding of chrysanthemum?

100%
Miller N.
Biotechnologia
|
2005
|
issue 2
196-205
EN
Many cultivars of chrysanthemum as well as other ornamental crops on Polish market are of foreign origin. Such situation is not to the advantage of Polish producers because of high royalties. There is a necessity of providing new Polish cultivars of ornamental crops, including chrysanthemum. Traditional breeding methods such as cross-breeding are not expensive but take much time and cannot be always applied for ornamental crops, which are usually heterozygous, poliploids and are vegetatively propagated. On the other hand, there are modern techniques including genetic transformation, but they are often out of reach for Polish breeders due to very high costs. Mutation breeding is a relatively inexpensive and easy method of obtaining new cultivars. Twelve new cultivars of chrysanthemums have been obtained as a result of mutation breeding research, carried out in the Departament of Ornamental Crops and Vegetables at University of Technology and Agriculture in Bydgoszcz. Induced mutations most often led to altered inflorescensce colour and shape, growth habit and other traits. Both induced mutations and regeneration in vitro using adventitious buds technique apear to be useful tools in breeding of chrysanthemum.
4

Wheat tissue culture - a reviev

88%
Menke-Mielczarek I.
Biotechnologia
|
1997
|
issue 2
29-45
EN
Based on the available literature, this article describes the advances made in cell culture of wheat. The importance of the age and physiological stage of the explant is discussed. The influence of the genotype is observed. The role of the components of the induction medium and in particular the role of auxin and kinetin, is investigated. The development of off-white callus and long-term culture of this callus facilitates the establishment of suspension culture - a source of totipotent protoplasts. This paper also focuses on the techniques which are used to introduce genes into wheat plants and on the somaclonal variation that occurs in a population of plants regenerated after tissue culture.
5

The effect of salicylic acid, jasmonates biosynthesis inhibitor, on cell suspension growth, development and regeneration of somatic embryos in Medicago sativa L. tissue cultures

88%
Kepczynska E., Zielinska S.
Biotechnologia
|
2004
|
issue 2
114-121
EN
The effect of salicylic acid (SA) applied during the proliferation phase of cell suspension in vitro regeneration system of Medicago sativa L. on cell suspension growth, production of somatic embryos and their following development, germination and conversion were examined. SA is a potent inhibitor of the above processes. It is suggested that endogenous jasmonates are of some importance in regulation of somatic embryogenesis.
6

Application of in vitro culture techniques to barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) improvement

88%
Ullrich S. E., Kleinhofs A., Hou L., Jones B. L.
Journal of Applied Genetics
|
1998
|
vol. 39
|
issue 1
49-58
EN
Several aspects of in vitro culture have potential for cereal improvement. This paper focuses on evaluation of somaclonal variation (SV) from immature embryo callus culture, and doubled haploid (DH) production via anther culture in barley. Genetically stable SV was observed for several seedling morphological traits such as albino, yellow, light green and lethal. SV occurred at approximately half the frequency of azide-induced mutagenesis. The potential for widespread application of anther culture-mediated DH production in barley breeding and genetic studies was increased through culture procedure improvements and understanding the inheritance of anther culture response. Methodology improvements included substitution of inexpensive gelrite for expensive ficoll or agarose, ability to grow anther donor plants under field as well as growth chamber conditions and flexibility in cold pretreatment/storage of anther donor spikes for 4-6 weeks prior to anther plating. From diallel analysis, inheritance of anther culture response was complex with additive and dominance effects for embryoid formation, total plant regeneration and green plant regeneration and reciprocal effects (maternal) for green plant regeneration. High x low responder crosses generated F1's that were intermediate in response and low x low crosses sometimes produced F1 heterosis for green plant regeneration. Therefore, some recalcitrant types appear to be usable in anther culture DH production systems within a breeding program.
7

Secondary metsabolites of tissue of Lamiaceae species

51%
Skrzypczak-Pietraszek E., Grzybek j.
Biotechnologia
|
1997
|
issue 2
93-110
EN
This paper reviews information from last decade world literature on the occurence in tissue cultures of some Lamiaceae species of secondary metabolites.The introductory part of paper gives information on the occurence of the biological active secondary metabolites in the native plant species from Lamiaceae family.
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