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Competitive Anxiety and Coping Strategies in Young Martial Arts and Track and Field Athletes

100%

Radochoński M., Cynarski W., Perenc L., Siorek-Maślanka L.

Journal of Human Kinetics

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2011

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vol. 27

180-189

EN

This study is an examination of the relationship between competitive anxiety and coping strategies in young athletes. Sixty karatekas and 72 track and field athletes were the subjects of the study. The age of the athletes ranged between 18 and 25 years. All had been practicing their sports for 6-8 years. The research instruments employed are the Competitive State Anxiety Inventory-2 (CSAI-2) and the Coping Inventory for Stressful Situations (CISS).Results show that martial arts athletes reported a significantly higher level of self-confidence and lower levels of cognitive and somatic anxiety compared to track and field athletes. The two groups also differed in regard to the use of coping strategies in stressful situations. For example, the karate athletes used more effective strategies such as task-oriented coping. In the next step of the study, the subjects were divided into two groups according to the level of performance (i.e. "winners" and "losers"). The "losers exhibited higher levels of anxiety, both cognitive and somatic, than "winners". They also had higher scores on less effective coping subscales, e.g. emotion-oriented and avoidance-oriented.There is a significant interdependence between anxiety and level of performance in competitive stress situations. Future research should also consider the possible mediating role of other psychological factors, such as personality traits.

2

Effect of Integrated Yoga Program on Energy Outcomes as a Measure of Preventive Health Care in Healthy People

88%

Kushwah K. K., Nagendra H. R., Srinivasan T. M.

Central European Journal of Sport Sciences and Medicine

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2015

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vol. 12

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issue 4

61-71

EN

The aim of this study was to measure the changes in stress, general health index and disorderliness in human energy pattern through Integrated Yoga Practices (IYP). Ninety four healthy volunteers (male 55 and female 39), age (mean ± sd 26.70 ±8.58) were assessed before and after four weeks of IYP. The experiment was conducted four times and the assessment was done by utilizing the Electro Photonic Imaging (EPI) technique. Comparisons were made to ascertain whether energy homeostasis diverges based on genders. The parameters considered for analysis were Activation Coefficient (AC ), Integral Area (IA) and Integral Entropy (IE). Reduction in stress levels (AC ), increase in general health index (IA) and decrease in disorderliness (IE) on the left side parameters were found reproducible in all four experiments. The results also revealed a highly significant reduction in stress levels and highly significant improvement in the health indices at the psycho-physiological level. The subgroup analysis of both male and female demonstrated a significant reduction in stress levels and significant improvement in health index (psycho-physiological). Baseline comparisons between males and females showed significant difference in general health index at both psychophysiological and physiological levels. In conclusion, IYP regulates, improves and prolongs energy homeostasis of an organism. Therefore, it helps in prevention of ill health and also preserves health. The EPI outcomes are reproducible. Further, the present study also found that the energy pattern differs with gender. Hence, it is suggested that studies with male and female participants may be conducted separately.

3

Diurnal hormonal responses in exercise and sports medicine research: range effect adjustments

88%

Hackney A.

Biomedical Human Kinetics

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2010

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vol. 2

85-88

EN

The paper discusses the means in which exercise hormonal data are transformed and expressed as a way to deal with the inherent variability in endocrine measurements. Specifically, the aim of the paper is to present an alterative transformation adjustment method for expressing the exercise responses of hormones, especially those which exhibit a diurnal behaviour in their circulating concentrations. The suggested alterative adjustment method attempts to account for the influence of the "range effect" on diurnal hormonal data and the subsequent effects it may have on statistical, and perhaps physiological, outcomes and data interpretation.

4

Fluoride bioavailability in saliva during acute psychological stress

75%

Naumova E., Sandulescu T., Benson S., Engler H., Schedlowski M., Zimmer S., Gaengler P., Thie M., Arnold W.

Open Medicine

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2012

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vol. 7

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issue 4

481-489

EN

The aim of this study was to investigate the influence of acute stress on salivary fluoride bioavailability. Acute psychological stress was induced using a standardized model of public speaking. The saliva of male subjects was collected before and after the public speaking task and immediately, 10, 30, and 120 minutes after tooth brushing according to the Bass method with a dentifrice containing amine fluoride (AmF) or oral hygiene tablets containing sodium fluoride (NaF). Subjective psychological responses to public speaking were evaluated using the State-Trait Anxiety Inventory (STAI). Saliva cortisol levels were analyzed as an objective stress marker. The saliva secretion rate was measured both before and after public speaking. Saliva fluoride content was measured. Group comparisons were calculated using a univariate analysis of variance (ANOVA). In all analyses, the alpha-level was set at 0.05. Public speaking significantly increased state anxiety (p<0.001) and salivary cortisol concentrations (p<0.001). Acute stress did not influence salivary secretion rates. In the AmF group, stressed individuals exhibited statistically significant (p=0.044) lower fluoride concentration in saliva compared with the nonstressed subjects Acute psychological stress reactions do not cause hyposalivation but decrease fluoride bioavailability after using a dentifrice containing AmF. Fluoride bioavailability during acute stress is dependent on fluoride formulation.

5

Influence of Rhizophagus irregularis Inoculation on Salt Tolerance in Cucurbita maxima Duch.

75%

Okon O. G., Okon I. E.

World News of Natural Sciences

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2018

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vol. 19

108-117

EN

The influence of mycorrhizal fungi (Rhizophagus irregularis) on salt tolerance of Cucurbita maxima grown in saline soil was investigated in a pot experiment. The experiment was laid out in a completely randomized design, with treatments replicated thrice. Accordingly, soil salinity significantly (p=0.05) reduced total photosynthetic pigments from 58.06 to 38.06 mg/kg. Mineral contents, biomass yield, AMF colonization were also significantly (p=0.05) reduced. In contrast, mycorrhizal dependency was significantly (p=0.05) increased in saline soil plants (from 26.91% to 66.45%). Furthermore, inoculation with R. irregularis significantly (p=0.05) increased total photosynthetic pigments from 58.06 to 62.06 mg/kg; N from 4.88 to 5.47%; P 860.40 to 896.22 mg/kg; K 4430.00 to 4630.00 mg/kg; Mg 558.99 to 592.10 mg/kg and Ca 2810.00 to 3151.00 mg/kg; biomass yield; leaf dry weight from 0.06 to 0.14g; vine dry weight 3.68 to 5.09g; roots dry weight 0.32 to 0.74 and total dry weight 4.06 to 5.97g, R. irregularis colonization (from 33.77 to 58.44%) and mycorrhizal dependency in C. maxima was evident in both saline and non-saline soil treatments. The results of this work shows that R. irregularis can enhance the ability of C. maxima to resist salt stress - possibly through some morphological/ physiological changes, as well as improved vigour, probably via the extensive network of the mycorrhizal roots. This last is considered to be one of several mechanisms that magnify the salt tolerance of host plants through increased nutrient acquisition (N, P, K, Mg and Ca) and water uptake. Inoculation with appropriate AMF can, therefore, be used to increase the productivity of C. maxima in saline soils.

6

Psychosomatic correlates of coronary heart disease during the socio-economic crisis of post-communist Bulgaria

75%

Karaslavova E., Dyakova M., Todorova D., Tufkova S.

Open Medicine

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2009

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vol. 4

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issue 1

91-97

EN

Post-communist Bulgaria has experienced the full impact of a socioeconomic disaster. Under prolonged and powerful stress the human body may exhaust its adaptive potential and a variety of pathophysiological symptoms may occur. The cardiovascular system is most vulnerable to stress. The aim of this study is to analyze the role of psychological factors correlating with Acute Myocardial Infarction (AMI) during the transition period in post-communist Bulgaria. A case-control epidemiological study was performed. 306 cases of acute myocardial infarction (AMI) and 210 controls were studied. Analysis of patients’ records was made and a direct face-to-face interview was carried out. The study covers a 15-year transition period lasting from 1989 until 2005. The interview questions are based on W. Zung’s standardized self-evaluation tests of anxiety and depression (Self Rating Depression Scale - SDS, 1965, SAS-Self Rating Anxiety Scale, 1976) and on a test of aggression, as a part of the Minnesota Multiphase personality inventory, adapted from A.A. Krilov and F. Korozi’s FPI test. Average levels of anxiety and depression appear to be higher among patients suffering from coronary heart diseases than in control group members. Levels of aggression do not show a direct correlation with coronary heart disease. Both groups demonstrate symptoms of psychological disturbances caused, most probably, by the socio-economic instability of the transition period. In conclusion, certain socioeconomic factors significantly increase the level of anxiety and depression in the respondents. The AMI patients are considerably more anxious and depressed than the controls. The results provide evidence that high levels of anxiety and depression may correlate to and be interpreted as a potential risk factor for coronary heart disease.

7

Effect of Salinity Stress on Mycorrhizal Association and Growth Response of Telfairia occidentalis Hook F. infected by Glomus geosporum

75%

Okon O. G., Esenowo G. J.

World News of Natural Sciences

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2018

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vol. 19

118-127

EN

The effect of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (Glomus geosporum) inoculation on Telfairia occidentalis grown in saline soil was investigated in a pot experiment. The experiment was laid out in a completely randomized design, with treatments replicated thrice. Standard recommended methods were used to determine photosynthetic pigments, minerals contents, biomass yield, AMF colonization and dependency. Our results show that saline soil treatment significantly (p=0.05) reduced total photosynthetic pigments contents - from 39.73 to 21.30 mg/kg, percentage AMF root colonization - from 53.97 to 22.41%, mineral contents; N - from 5.84 to 3.13%; P - 424.11 to 212.31 mg/kg; K - 3215.00 to 1220.00 mg/kg; Mg - 326.00 to 107.04 mg/kg; and Ca - 1640.00 to 813.00 mg/kg. Biomass yield of T. occidentalis was also significantly (p=0.05) reduced. In contrast, mycorrhizal dependency was significantly (p=0.05) increased in saline soil plants - from 15.13% to 100.00%. Herein, inoculation with G. geosporum significantly (p=0.05) increased total photosynthetic pigments - from 39.73 to 45.53 mg/kg; N - from 5.84 to 6.07%; P - 424.11 to 463.00 mg/kg; K - 3215.00 to 3470.12 mg/kg; Mg - 326.00 to 345.00 mg/kg and Ca -1640 to 1658.12 mg/kg; leaf dry weight - from 0.13 to 0.17g; vine dry weight - 5.21 to 5.81g; roots dry weight - 0.57 to 1.03 and total dry weight - 5.91 to 7.01g. Biomass yield was also significantly increased. R. irregularis colonization (from 22.41 to 53.97%) and mycorrhizal dependency in C. maxima was evident in both saline and non-saline soil treatments. The results of this work have shown that G. geosporum can enhance the ability of T. occidentalis to resist salt stress (possibly through several morphological/physiological changes and through improved vigour) via the extensive network of the mycorrhizal roots (which increases nutrient and water uptake). Inoculation with appropriate AMF can, therefore, be used to increase the productivity of T. occidentalis in saline soils.

Refine search results

Competitive Anxiety and Coping Strategies in Young Martial Arts and Track and Field Athletes

Effect of Integrated Yoga Program on Energy Outcomes as a Measure of Preventive Health Care in Healthy People

Diurnal hormonal responses in exercise and sports medicine research: range effect adjustments

Fluoride bioavailability in saliva during acute psychological stress

Influence of Rhizophagus irregularis Inoculation on Salt Tolerance in Cucurbita maxima Duch.

Psychosomatic correlates of coronary heart disease during the socio-economic crisis of post-communist Bulgaria

Effect of Salinity Stress on Mycorrhizal Association and Growth Response of Telfairia occidentalis Hook F. infected by Glomus geosporum