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Seasonal Variation of Avifauna in Chintamani Kar Bird Sanctuary, West Bengal, India

100%
World News of Natural Sciences
|
2025
|
vol. 60
482-503
EN
Chintamani Kar Bird Sanctuary (CKBS), situated in the peri-urban zone of southern Kolkata, West Bengal, constitutes a critical refuge for avian biodiversity within an increasingly urbanised landscape. Encompassing approximately 17 acres, the sanctuary comprises a heterogeneous mosaic of vegetation types including semi-deciduous tree cover, bamboo stands, fruiting trees, and ephemeral aquatic features. These habitat structures provide essential ecological resources – such as food, nesting substrates, and microclimatic regulation – upporting both resident and migratory avifaunal communities. This study aims to examine the seasonal variation in avian diversity at CKBS, with a focus on how climatic fluctuations and associated habitat dynamics influence species richness, abundance, and community composition. Data were compiled through longitudinal field observations and literature synthesis across three major seasonal phases: pre-monsoon/summer (March – June), monsoon (July – September), and post-monsoon/winter (October – February). Avifaunal richness was observed to peak during the post-monsoon and winter periods, coinciding with the arrival of Palearctic migrants along the Central Asian Flyway. The cooler ambient temperatures, reduced evapotranspiration, and increased trophic resource availability during this period facilitated optimal foraging and roosting conditions. Notably, species adapted to high-humidity environments, including select Ardeidae and Columbidae, remained active. The pre-monsoon period exhibited moderate avian diversity, dominated by resident frugivores and granivores, with breeding activity peaking in synchrony with fruiting phenology of native flora. The findings of this study underscore the role of seasonal climatic variability and habitat heterogeneity in shaping temporal avifaunal dynamics within urban forest fragments. CKBS, despite its limited spatial extent, maintains high ornithological value and warrants continuous monitoring and conservation intervention to mitigate the impacts of anthropogenic encroachment and environmental change.
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Assessment of Seasonal Variations in Avifaunal Diversity at Rabindra Sarobar Lake, Kolkata, West Bengal, India

100%
Ganguly A.
World News of Natural Sciences
|
2025
|
vol. 61
|
issue 2
75-93
EN
This study investigates the seasonal and annual variations in the avifaunal diversity at Rabindra Sarobar, Kolkata, over a period spanning from March 2015 to December 2017. Data from three different months - March, August, and December - are analyzed to assess the species richness, abundance, and community structure. The results indicate significant seasonal variations, with March showing the highest species richness (845 species), followed by December (596 species), and the lowest in August (316 species). Annual comparisons highlight a general decline in total species numbers, from 354 in 2015 to 229 in 2017, likely due to factors such as habitat degradation and climate variability. The study also observes a stable presence of urban-adapted species like the House Crow and Indian Cormorant, while migratory species such as the Indian Spotted Eagle were absent in subsequent years. Seasonal fluctuations in avian diversity, driven by habitat conditions, food availability, and weather patterns, were noted, with the monsoon months showing lower diversity due to adverse conditions. The findings underscore the need for continued habitat preservation and the establishment of monitoring programs to ensure sustainable bird populations in urban wetlands. This study highlights the complex dynamics of urban bird communities and the importance of understanding these patterns for effective conservation and management.
3
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Assessment of Monthly and Seasonal Fish Compositions, Dominance and the Herbivore-Carnivore Ratio of Kashimbila Reservoir, Takum LGA, Taraba State, Nigeria

72%
Bingari M. S., Auta J., Bawa B. S., Uzairu A.
World News of Natural Sciences
|
2025
|
vol. 61
|
issue 2
255-269
EN
The monthly and seasonal composition, dominance, and the herbivore-carnivore ratio of Kashimbila Reservoir were assessed for twenty-four (24) months from August 2018 to July 2020. The work was aimed at exploring the fisheries resources of the reservoir to assess the sustainability of these resources. Experimental gillnets were used throughout the study. Fleets of multifilament nets of different mesh sizes ranging from 1.5 inches to 7.0 inches were used for the research. Each net measured 30 meters long and 3 meters high. These nets were set simultaneously at the selected stations between 5 and 6 pm and harvested in the morning between 7 and 8 am. Fish were sorted, measured, and identified using the relevant identification keys. The Reservoir revealed high species abundance, thirty-four (34) individual species belonging to fifteen (15) families were recorded. The Cichlidae family was the most abundant species, with Oreochromis niloticus and Coptodon zillii having the highest percentage abundance of 5.31% and 5.26%, respectively, of the 1,723 total catch in the first year of gillnet sampling, and dominated in abundance again in the second year with 5.49% for O. niloticus and 5,03% for C. zillii out of the 1,938 gillnet catches. Monthly and seasonal compositions revealed that the Cichlidae family dominated other families, and is closely followed by Claridae. February and March were the peaks of high catches in the two-year gillnet sampling. In 2018/2019. The percentage catch compositions were 19.56% and 20.43% for February and March, respectively, and 19.40% and 20.23% in the same order for 2019/2020 gillnet catches. There was carnivore dominance in all the months in 2018/ 2019 except in December, where the ratio was 1.15:1. In 2019/2020, the highest dominance was in November (1:5.31), and no herbivore was caught in December (0:1).
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