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1
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1D modeling of aquifer vulnerability and soil corrosivity within the sedimentary terrain in Southern Nigeria, using resistivity method

100%
Eyankware M. O., Umayah S. O.
World News of Natural Sciences
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2022
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vol. 41
33-50
EN
Groundwater vulnerability/soil corrosivity was carried out within the study area, with the sole aim of classifying groundwater and soil corrosivity into various classes with the aid of the resistivity method. For this study the Vertical Electrical Sounding (VES) method was used, Schlumberger electrode configuration was used with maximum electrode spacing (AB/2) of 200 m in sixteen (16) different locations for data acquisition. Geoelectric parameters (layer resistivity and thickness) were determined from the interpreted data. Findings from Geoelectric Layer susceptibility indexing (GLSI) revealed that the northern, southern, and northeast of the study area value range of 70 to 160, 70 to 150, and 120 to 160 are considered to be highly vulnerable, vulnerable, and highly vulnerable respectively. The estimated result obtained from longitudinal unit conductance (S) showed that groundwater is considered to be slightly prone to contamination from the surface. Deduction from corrosivity revealed that VESs location showed no trace of corrosivity except for VES 15. According to findings from VES 15, underground metallic installations should be buried at a depth away from the aforementioned VES point.
2
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Analysis of emerging organic contaminants in environmental solid samples

100%
Tadeo J., Sánchez-Brunete C., Albero B., García-Valcárcel A., Pérez R.
Open Chemistry
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2012
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vol. 10
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issue 3
480-520
EN
Spreading sewage sludge on agricultural lands has been actively promoted by national authorities as an economic way of recycling. However, as by-product of wastewater treatment, sewage sludge may contain toxic substances, which could be incorporated into agricultural products or be distributed in the environment. Moreover, sediments can be contaminated by the discharge of wastewater effluents into rivers. This article reviews the determination of emerging contaminants (surfactants, flame retardants, pharmaceuticals and personal care products) in environmental solid samples (sludge, soil and sediment). Sample preparation, including extraction and clean-up, as well as the subsequent instrumental determination of contaminants are discussed. Recent applications of extraction techniques, such as Soxhlet extraction, ultrasound assisted extraction, pressurised liquid extraction, microwave assisted extraction and matrix solid-phase dispersion to the analysis of emerging contaminants in environmental solid samples are reviewed. Determination of these contaminants, generally carried out by gas chromatography and liquid chromatography coupled with different detectors, especially mass spectrometry for the identification and quantification of residues, is also summarised and discussed. [...]
3
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Sequential extraction and thermal desorption of mercury from contaminated soil and tailings from Mongolia

100%
Coufalík P., Krásenský P., Dosbaba M., Komárek J.
Open Chemistry
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2012
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vol. 10
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issue 5
1565-1573
EN
Mercury forms in contaminated environmental samples were studied by means of sequential extraction and thermal desorption from the solid phase. The sequential extraction procedure involved the following fractions: water soluble mercury, mercury extracted in acidic conditions, mercury bound to humic substances, elemental Hg and mercury bound to complexes, HgS, and residual mercury. In addition to sequential extraction, the distribution of mercury species as a function of soil particles size was studied. The thermal desorption method is based on the thermal decomposition or desorption of Hg compounds at different temperatures. The following four species were observed: Hg0, HgCl2, HgS and Hg(II) bound to humic acids. The Hg release curves from artificial soils and real samples were obtained and their applicability to the speciation analysis was considered. [...]
4
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The effects on soil/water/plant/animal systems by platinum group elements

100%
Sobrova P., Zehnalek J., Adam V., Beklova M., Kizek R.
Open Chemistry
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2012
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vol. 10
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issue 5
1369-1382
EN
Emissions of toxic substances such as oxides of carbon, nitrogen, sulphur, and, in addition, aromatic hydrocarbons, aldehydes and heavy metals are the most serious problem of road traffic affecting landscape. Platinum group elements (PGE), which are the main component of the catalyst, are one of the main sources of heavy metals in the environment. Here, we review the way by which emissions and forms of the emitted PGE end up in the environment especially to the soil-water-plant-animal system. The major points discussed are the following: 1) the main sources of PGE emission are automobile exhaust catalysts; 2) hospitals, where platinum is widely used to treat malignant neoplasm, and urban waste water belonging to other important sources of PGE in the environment; 3) soil is one of the most important components of the environment that may be contaminated with platinum metals; 4) phytotoxicity of PGE depends on the following conditions: the concentration of metals in the soil, time of exposure, the chemical form of metal, the chemical composition of exposed soil and plant species; 5) animals are also endangered by the increasing concentration of PGE in the environment. Moreover, we pay our attention to thiol-based mechanisms of how an organism protects itself against platinum group elements. [...]
5
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Determination of selected trace metals (Cr, Ni, Pb and Cd) in soils by slurry sampling GF AAS

86%
Cejner M., Dobrowolski R., Reszko-Zygmunt J.
Annales Universitatis Mariae Curie-Skłodowska, sectio AA – Chemia
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2015
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vol. 70
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issue 2
EN
Determination of cadmium, lead, chromium and nickel in soil samples by slurry sampling graphite furnace atomic absorption spectrometry (GFAAS) was presented. Optimization of determination conditions, stability test for slurries and metal partitioning between solid and liquid phase was investigated. The method was successfully tested by the analysis of certified reference materials.
6
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Diesel hydrocarbons biodegradation by Myroide odoratimimus

86%
Divya U. K., Saranya A., Suganthi R.
World News of Natural Sciences
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2018
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vol. 20
182-195
EN
Biodegradation can be a possible and effective retort to soil contamination by petroleum hydrocarbons. Nowadays there are many cases of accidental releases of petroleum products into the environment. Use of biological agents especially microorganism is effective in degradation of complex organic contaminants to other simpler organic compounds. In our present study role of Myroide odoratimimus in degrading the diesel components present in soil to simpler units were checked. The study demonstrates that Myroides odoratimimus (SKS 05) showed the ability to degrade diesel after 40 days of incubation in the diesel adsorbed soil with a growth rate of 6.2×106 CFU/ml and from the GC study Myroides odoratimimus degraded the component Dotriacontane (25.471), Hexatriacontane (27.98), Tetracosane (30.296), Pentatriacontane (32.42), Tetrapentacontane (34.39) present in the diesel adsorbed soil, which was confirmed by the reduction in the peak height and the peak area in comparison to the control {without Myroides odoratimimus (SKS 05).
7
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Bacteriological Evaluation of Hydrocarbon Polluted Soil in Obitti Oil Field, Ohaji-Egbema, Imo State, Nigeria

86%
Maduwuba M. C., Akwarandu J. O.
World News of Natural Sciences
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2023
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vol. 49
137-146
EN
The bacteriological evaluation of hydrocarbon polluted soil in Obitti oil field in Ohaji Egbema was investigated to ascertain the presence of bacterial community in crude oil-polluted soil. Ohaji Egbema has experienced crude oil pollution in recent times due to the presence of crude oil exploration facilities including the Obitti oil field. Soil samples were collected from four (4) different points within the oil field with varying degree of crude oil pollution along with their corresponding control samples (unpolluted soil). The total culturable heterotrophic bacteria (TCHB), total culturable hydrocarbon utilizing bacteria (TCHUB), pH and total petroleum hydrocarbon (TPH) concentrations were monitored using standard procedures. The total culturable heterotrophic bacterial count ranged from 0.45±2.0x105 Cfu/g to 2.12±2.6x105 Cfu/g while total culturable hydrocarbon utilizing bacterial count ranged from 0.56±2.1x104 Cfu/g to 1.35±2.6x103 Cfu/g. pH ranged from 0.11±4.0 to 1.10±5.0 for the polluted soil samples while a range of 0.10±5.7 to 1.00±7.2 was recorded for the control samples. The TPH analysis revealed a high concentration of 9.51±5747.13 mg/kg to 3.45±7214.82 mg/kg for polluted soil samples which is above the DPR intervention limit of 5000 mg/kg for soils while the control samples recorded a range of 5.41±3118.29 mg/kg to 8.21±4285.02 mg/kg. This study has therefore revealed the ability of indigenous bacterial population to strive despite crude oil pollution and as such these hydrocarbon impacted sites can be harnessed for the isolation of hydrocarbonoclastic bacteria which can serve as a bio-resource for the effective bioremediation of hydrocarbon impacted environment.
8
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Comparison of perchloroethylene extraction techniques in soil gas survey quantification

86%
Zdravkov B., Kubal M., Janků J.
Open Chemistry
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2009
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vol. 7
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issue 3
274-280
EN
Subsurface pollution by volatile organic compounds has emerged as a widespread problem in industrialized countries. This study compares static headspace technique and methanol extraction/purge-and-trap analysis followed by thermal desorption/gas chromatography in attempts for quantification of gas survey results in the determination of these chemicals in soil. Several soils were contaminated with aqueous solution of perchloroethylene (PCE) (140 mg L−1) using a vapor treatment method. Soil spiking took place up to 24 h in desiccator by exposing individual soil samples contained in open 40 mL glass vials to PCE evaporated from the solution. After exposure the samples were stored and analyzed within 2 days. The achieved results strongly suggest that gas extraction can provide quantitative results, regarding PCE concentration in soils, which are not significantly different from liquid based extraction analysis. [...]
9
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A holistic review of heavy metals in water and soil in Ebonyi SE, Nigeria; with emphasis on its effects on human, plants and aquatic organisms

86%
Eyankware M. O., Obasi P. N.
World News of Natural Sciences
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2021
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vol. 38
1-19
EN
A comprehensive review of literature was carried out to evaluate the presence of heavy metals (HMs), with a view to study its effect on man, plants and aquatic organisms in Ebonyi State, southeastern Nigeria. From reviewed literature it was observed that the major source of HM in soil and water can be attributed to anthropogenic activities such as mining and quarrying. Geogenic activities were also implicated by some scholars. Detail analysis showed that 62 % of HMs in water and soil is attributed to mining, while 23 % is attributed to indiscriminate waste disposal, and 15 % is due of other human and geogenic activities. The accumulation of HMs in plants, soil and water poses a serious risk to human, plants and aquatic organisms within the study area. The occurrence of HMs in soil and water if not properly monitored may tend to increase in years to come and this may have negative impact on plants and aquatic organisms. Severe health effects of humans are inevitable. Therefore, constant re-evaluating of HM in water and soil in the area is highly required.
10
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QuEChERS and soil analysis. An Overview.

86%
Vera J., Correia-Sá L., Paíga P., Bragança I., Fernandes V. C., Domingues V. F., Delerue-Matos C.
Sample Preparation
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2013
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vol. 1
54-77
EN
This paper reviews the Quick Easy Cheap Effective Rugged Safe (QuEChERS) methods used for the analysis of several pollutants in soil. The recent advances made with this method are discussed.The analysis of pesticide residues and other analytes in soil requires the extraction of analytes from this matrix. Following extraction, a clean-up procedure may be performed, if necessary, prior to instrumental analysis. This review considers all aspects of sample preparation, including extraction and cleanup. Several parameters are discussed in extraction optimization namely: soil type and sample amount, hydration, solvent of extraction QuEChERS content, extraction time and agglomeration prevention. In addition, method performance characteristics in soil studies are critically discussed.
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