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1
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Responses in the hypothalmic monoaminergic system activity in ewes to beta-endorphin, CRF and their antagonists

100%
Przekop F., Tomaszewska D.
Acta Neurobiologiae Experimentalis
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1996
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vol. 56
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issue 3
807-817
EN
This article reviews data concerning the action of opioidergic and monoaminergic system on LHRH secretion.Generally, in anestrus ewes beta-endorphin and/or corticoloberin significantly change extracellular concentrations of monoamine metabolites in the MBH-ME, but in estrus ewes both beta-endorphin and CRF alters also dopamine, noradrenaline and serotonin levels.Responses of catecholaminergic and serotoninergics system in the MBH-ME to naloxone or CRF-antagonist depend, to a large degree, on the phase of reproduction.In anestrous ewes subjected to stressful stimuli an opiate receptor blocker, naloxone, and CRF-antagonist attenuate the stress - induced activity of catecholaminergic and serotoninergic system in the MBH-ME; in non-stressed animals they suppress only serotoninergic system activity in this structure.No clear explanation can be offered now for either differences in response of catecholaminergic and serotoninergic system in MBH to beta-endorphin and CRF in various periods of reproduction or for differences in the response of these systems to CRF antagonist and naloxone in non-stressed and stressed ewes.It has been suggested that the responses in monoaminergic system activity are highly dependent upon the physiological state of the animal and that beta-endorphin and corticoliberin may indirectly modulate LHRH and other hypothalmic hormone secretion by monoaminergic systems.
2
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Neuroendocrine response during stress with relation to gender differences

100%
Jezova D., Jurankova R., Mosnarova A., Kriska M., SDkultetytova I.
Acta Neurobiologiae Experimentalis
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1996
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vol. 56
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issue 3
779-785
EN
Neuroendocrine activation belongs to the main characteristics of the stress response.This response is not uniform but depends on the stress stimuli involved and on many other factors including the gender of the individual.In rats, corticosterone and ACTH levels as well as functional activity of the hypothalmo-pituitary-adrenocortical axis are higher in females compared to males under both basal and stress conditions.Marked sex differences were observed in stress-induced changes in posterior pituitary hormone release.In male rats, release of vasopressin is not stimulated during stress conditions without an osmotic component while in female rats a rise in plasma vasopressin levels was observed even after short immobilization.Oxytocin release is enhanced in response to the majority of stress stimuli and it was found to be greater in females than in males.Mentioned gender differences are attributed to the effect of sex steriods, particularly those of estrogens.Not enough information is available on gender differences in neuroendocrine response during stress in humans.We observed a greater neutroendocrine activation in women than in men in response to heat exposure in sauna with pronounced differences in ACTH and prolactin release and partly also after a cold-pressor test.Understanding of gender differences in neuroendocrine response during stress might contribute to the explanation of the development of some emotional and other disorders with higher incidence in women.
3

Influence of anther pretreatment on the efficiency of androgenesis in barley

100%
Kruczkowska H., Pawlowska H., Skucinska B.
Journal of Applied Genetics
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2002
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vol. 43
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issue 3
287-296
EN
The change in the developmental pathway of microspores from gametophytic to sporophytic is induced by stress during pretreatment of spikes and anthers. In our experiments, anther culture of three barley cultivars was tested with regard to the effect of chilling at 4?C for 28 days, starvation in 0.3 M mannitol solution for 4 days, and a combination of both methods. Chilling was shown to increase embryo/callus formation, while mannitol treatment favoured plant development, including development of green plants; simultaneous application of the two stress factors for 4 days proved to be ineffective. The tested cultivars exhibited a similar ability (calculated per 100 transferred embryos/calli) to develop plants without pretreatment; however, their responses to stress varied greatly. The collected data indicate that mannitol pretreatment, as compared to chilling, is more efficient in responsive cultivars.
4
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Effect of nonaversive and aversive stimulations in infancy on the acoustic startle response in adult rats

100%
Blaszczyk J. W., Tajchert K., Werka T.
Acta Neurobiologiae Experimentalis
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1999
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vol. 59
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issue 1
9-14
EN
Two groups, each consisting of 8 three-week-old rat pups, were exposed to different behavioral treatments with the aim to determine how the experimental manipulation influenced their adult emotional reactivity. Every day for two weeks the pups from the first group received 15 min of handling whereas the animals from the second group were exposed to various aversive stimuli, differing each day. Following these manipulations, after a 5-day break the acoustic startle response (ASR) was measured in all animals and the testing was repeated after another four weeks. Statistical analysis of the data revealed significant differences between g<->roups in the ASR parameters. Surprisingly, in the test which directly followed the treatment the mean ASR amplitudes were similar in both g<->roups. Highly significant differences, however, were observed in the ASR amplitude four weeks later. The rats from the handling group responded with greater amplitudes. The latency of the ASR was significantly shorter in the nonaversive group compared with the second group exposed to aversive stimuli. The results suggest that early exposure to aversive stimulation significantly decreases rats emotional reactivity whereas nonaversive and impoverished stimulation clearly elevates arousal levels when the animal is placed in a novel situation.
5
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Novel environment as astress- -inducing factor. An event-related potentials study

100%
Michalski A.
Acta Neurobiologiae Experimentalis
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1998
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vol. 58
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issue 3
199-205
EN
The effect of stress induced by the novelty of a situation was evaluated by means of event-related potentials (ERPs). Potentials, recorded with Fz, Cz and Pz electrodes, were evoked by flashing red and yellow LED diodes. A standard 'odd ball' procedure was used, in which flashes of one color were mentally counted (target stimuli). ERPs evoked by target and non-target stimuli recorded in the first session of the experiment were compared with those recorded at least 40 min later. The early waves and P200 components indicated the increased responsiveness during the initial sessions. Amplitudes of both components were significantly larger. Latencies of the early waves were also significantly shorter. The effects were present in responses to both target and non-target stimuli. In contrast, the latency of P300 wave was significantly elongated during the first recording. Grand-averaged curves indicated also a reduction of P300 amplitude, but when individual waves were analyzed, the effect did not reach the level of statistical significance. It was suggested that the novel situation could be employed as a model of relatively pure stress, useful in the interpretation of other results such as the effects of pain.
6

Immunomodulatory role of the corticotropin releasing factor

88%
Radulovic M., Spiess J.
Archivum Immunologiae et Therapiae Experimentalis
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2001
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vol. 49
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issue 1
33-38
EN
Corticotropin-releasing factor (CRF) was originally identified as a hypothalamic peptide which stimulates secretion of the hypophyseal adrenocorticotropic hormone. CRF exhibits its actions through G protein-dependent seven-membrane-domain receptors. Two subtypes of CRF receptors (CRFR1 and CRFR2) have been characterized thus far. CRF and its receptors were found in a number of brain regions, where they function by neuromodulation, and also in several peripheral organs. Besides CRF, another naturally occurring CRF-like peptide, urocortin, has been characterized. In the immune system, CRF and CRFR1 have so far been detected at both mRNA and protein lelvels in several lymphoid organs and at sites of inflammation. Locally injected CRF was shown to modulate the severity of inflammation. This effect was not only a result of hemodynamic changes known to be induced by CRF or by activation of the hypothalamo-pituitary adrenal axis, as CRF-binding sites were also found on immune cells. CRF was shown to directly modulate secretion of cytokines and neuropeptides, proliferation, chemotaxis and degranulation of purified macrophage and lymphocyte populations in vitro . The presence of functional CRFR was more recently demonstrated also on polymorphonuclear cells and significant amounts of CRF were shown to be produced in lymphoid organs, or delivered to lymphoid organs by peripheral nerves. Taken together, the experimental results obtained so far strongly point to the importance of CRF as a signaling molecule in lymphoid tissues and at the sites of inflammation.
7
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Effect of stress on the expression of GnRH and GnRH receptor (GnRH-R) genes in the preoptic area-hypothalamus and GnRH-R gene in the stalk/median eminence and anterior pituitary gland in ewes during follicular phase of the estrous cycle

88%
Ciechanowska M., Lapot M., Malewski T., Misztal T., Mateusiak K., Przekop F.
Acta Neurobiologiae Experimentalis
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2007
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vol. 67
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issue 1
1-12
EN
The RT-PCR (reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction) technique was used to analyze GnRH mRNA and GnRH-R mRNA in the preoptic area, anterior and ventromedial hypothalamus, and GnRH-R mRNA in the stalk/median eminence and anterior pituitary gland of follicular ewes subjected to short (3 h during one day) or prolonged (5 h daily during four consecutive days) footshock stimulation. To analyze relationship between expression of GnRH and GnRH-R genes with LH secretion the blood samples were collected at 10 min intervals to determine LH levels in control and stressed animals. The concentration of GnRH mRNA increased significantly in the preoptic area, anterior and ventromedial hypothalamus of ewes subjected to short stress. The prolonged stressful stimuli significantly decreased GnRH mRNA levels in all analyzed structures. In short stressed ewes the significant augmentation of mRNA encoding GnRH-R was detected in the preoptic area, entire hypothalamus, stalk/median eminence and anterior pituitary gland. The GnRH-R mRNA was significantly reduced in all tested structures of animals subjected to prolonged footshocking except for the preoptic area, where GnRH-R mRNA did not differ from control values. The changes in GnRH mRNA and GnRH-R mRNA levels under short or prolonged stress were associated with an increase or decrease of LH concentration in blood plasma, suggesting the existence of a direct relationship between GnRH mRNA and GnRH-R mRNA expression with LH secretion. The results indicate that the expression of both GnRH gene and GnRH-R gene, as well as LH secretion in ewes during the follicular phase of the estrous cycle, are dependent upon the kind of stress.
8

Sexual dimorphism in life history plasticity in the gypsy moth (Lymantria dispar L.).

88%
Lazarevic J., Peric-Mataruga V.
Folia Biologica
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2003
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vol. 51
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issue 3-4
227-229
EN
Sexual differences in reaction norms of life history traits (larval development time-LDT, pupal weight-PW and adult longevity-L) were investigated in the gypsy moth reared on young or old oak leaves during the first larval instar. Sexual dimorphism was revealed for genetic variation in reaction norms that was expressed only for LDT in males, and PW and L in females. Higher mean plasticity of longevity was found in males compared to females indicating that the sexes are exposed to divergent selective pressures. Greater dependence of males on energy resources (carbohydrates and lipids) may account for the observed differences.
9
Content available remote

Response to novelty of various types in laboratory rats

88%
Pisula W., Stryjek R., Nalecz-Tolak A.
Acta Neurobiologiae Experimentalis
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2006
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vol. 66
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issue 3
235-244
EN
One purpose of the two studies reported here was to examine the reactions of rats to changes in the spatial arrangement of a familiarized environment under low stress conditions. The second purpose was to test the role of rats' experience with novelty. In Experiment I the novelty was manipulated by introducing new tunnels into one zone of the experimental chamber. The introduction of novelty took place after 11 habituation sessions. In Experiment II in the course of habituation sessions the experimental group of rats was subjected to a persistent change of tunnel arrangement in the experimental zone, whereas for the control group nothing changed. All animals reacted to the novelty with increased time spent in the experimental zone and decreased time spent in other zones. Both experiments show that under low stress conditions rats demonstrate a positive response toward novelty and that their previous experience with novelty does not affect that reaction.
10
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St John's wort (Hypericum perforatum) counteracts deleterious effects of the chronic restraint stress on recall in rats

75%
Trofimiuk E., Walesiuk A., Braszko J. J.
Acta Neurobiologiae Experimentalis
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2006
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vol. 66
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issue 2
129-138
EN
This study aimed at verifying a hypothesis that St. John's wort (Hypericum perforatum) alleviates stress-induced memory impairments. Administration of Hypericum perforatum (350 mg kg-1 daily for 21 days) significantly enhanced recall of passive avoidance behavior (PAB), but had no effect on the acquisition of conditioned avoidance responses (CARs). Rats stressed chronically (2 h daily for 21 days) displayed diminished recall of the PAB and this effect was abolished by St John's wort. Chronic administration of the ?equivalent' to the stress dose of exogenous corticosterone (5 mg kg-1 daily for 21 days) also impaired recall of PAB, and this effect was also reversed by Hypericum perforatum. None of our treatments produced significant motor coordination impairments as tested in a ?chimney' test. It appears that H. perforatum prevents stress-induced deterioration of memory in rats.
11

Long-lasting effects of social stress on peritoneal inflammation in some strains of mice

75%
Scislowska-Czarnecka A., Chadzinska M., Pierzchala-Koziec K., Plytycz B.
Folia Biologica
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2004
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vol. 52
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issue 1-2
97-104
EN
Adult male mice were kept for one week either one or four animals per cage. Some were maintained under the same social conditions for an additional 9 days (controls); their counterparts were either grouped (4 per cage) or isolated (1 per cage). Changes in housing conditions caused a significant increase of plasma corticosterone measured 30 minutes after separation or grouping of SWISS, C57C3H, and BALB/c but not of C57BL/6 mice. Peritoneal inflammation was induced by i.p. zymosan injection on day 9 after changes in housing conditions when corticosterone was again at its initial level in each group. Peritonitis-connected pain symptoms, exudatory PMN numbers, and cytokine (IL-1_ and MPC-1) and corticosterone levels were compared between animals living in stable social conditions with those shifted 9 days earlier from separation to the group or vice versa. These factors were unaffected by social stress in C57BL/6 mice and in SWISS animals transferred from the group to isolation. In all other instances at least two parameters were significantly different in the post-stressed and control animals, being either enhanced or inhibited. In conclusion, social stress had long-term consequences on the course of inflammation in three out of four investigated strains of mice.
12
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Serotonin and neurogenesis in the hippocampal dentate gyrus of adult mammals

75%
Djavadian R. L.
Acta Neurobiologiae Experimentalis
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2004
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vol. 64
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issue 2
189-200
EN
It is well documented that in mammals new neurons are generated in the dentate gyrus (DG) and integrated into hippocampal circuits throughout their life. However, functions of these newly generated cells are still hotly debated. One of the important factors that may influence the rate of DG neurogenesis is serotonin. Apart from being a neurotransmitter and neuromodulator it plays many other roles in the central nervous system, including the role of a trophic factor influencing functional state of neurons. In this review I discuss the changing views on adult hippocampal neurogenesis then briefly describe the anatomy and function of the hippocampus, focusing on its serotonergic innervation and receptors. Further, the possible role of serotonin and the newly generated DG neurons in hippocampus-dependent memory is discussed. Finally mechanisms by which serotonin and its receptors influence neurogenesis in the adult DG are summarized and hypotheses linking the decreased rate of DG neurogenesis with mechanisms of depression are discussed.
13

Time as a growth and development factor of plants not only in in vitro cultures

75%
Dubert F., Plazek A.
Biotechnologia
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2006
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issue 4
49-63
EN
The paper deals with time as a physical (space-time coordinate with specific properties and measure methods) as well as biological concept. Biological time is running differently taking in account various organizational levels like cell, cell organelles, whole organism and, finally, population or species. Time is a factor that regulates plant ontogenesis. In many plant species, time regulates seed dormancy and plant vernalization, photoperiodism and circadian rhythms. Time sets in motion the 'biological clock' which controls physiological and biochemical processes in plant, particularly the rate of enzymatic reactions, oscillation processes (circadian or annual rhythms), as well as internal 'cell clock' deciding upon the length of cell life as well as the rate of cell ageing processes. Senescence or death of particular cells do not mean death of the whole organism. In numerous plant species, death of individual cell is even a factor determining survival of the whole plant. The plant senescence is regulated by phytohormones such as abscisic acid, cytokinins or auxins. Time gathers new meaning in in vitro cultures. It may differ with respect to stable cell suspension culture in many cases maintaining an ability for cell multiplication for many years as compared to another fast regenerating cultures. The influence of various stress factors under in vitro conditions enables the'switching on' the clock controlling the processes of cell multiplication and differentiation.
14
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Effects of infusion of corticotropin-releasing factor antagonist into the locus coeruleus on freezing behavior and brain catecholamines in rats

75%
Swiergiel A.
Acta Neurobiologiae Experimentalis
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2003
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vol. 63
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issue 1
9-16
EN
Administration of 0.2 mug of alpha-helical CRF9-41 (corticotropin-releasing factor receptor antagonist, ahCRF9-41) into the locus coeruleus (LC) region significantly reduced footshock-induced freezing behavior in adult male rats. Changes in the concentrations of noradrenaline (NA), dopamine and their catabolites in cortex, hippocampus and hypothalamus of footshocked rats were reminiscent of those observed in stressed animals. Rats injected with ahCRF prior to footshock displayed cerebral catecholamine responses that were not different from controls injected with vehicle. The results confirm earlier findings that CRF receptors at the LC region may mediate freezing and behavioral expression of fear. However, the results also suggest that though CRF receptors within the LC region mediate footshock-induced behavior, they are not necessarily involved in the short-term catecholamine response to footshock.
15

Microspore embryogensis ? the stress induced change of gametophytic into sporophytic development

75%
Cegielska-Taras T.
Biotechnologia
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2004
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issue 2
12-16
EN
Microspores cultured in vitro can be reprogrammed to divide and produce a bipolar embryo. The reaction to stress treatment is a signal for inducing the sporophytic pathway, preventing the development of fertile pollen grain ? the gametophytic pathway. The ultimate goal is to convert each microspore from a heterozygous F1 plant to a doubled haploid plant so that a population of doubled haploids fully represents the genetic variability of the preceding meiosis.
16
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Post-stress analgesia in rats with partial amygdala lesions

63%
Werka T.
Acta Neurobiologiae Experimentalis
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1994
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vol. 54
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issue 2
127-132
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